PREVALENCE AND PATTERN OF TRADITIONAL MEDICAL THERAPIES UTILISATION IN KUMASI METROPOLIS AND SEKYERE SOUTH DISTRICT, GHANA Razak M. Gyasi, Lawrencia P. Siaw and Charlotte M. Mensah Department of Geography & Rural Development, Faculty of Social Sciences, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana GGA 2014 Annual Conference, Notre Dame SHS, Sunyani, B/A August 26—30, 2014
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PREVALENCE AND PATTERN OF TRADITIONAL MEDICAL THERAPIES UTILISATION IN KUMASI METROPOLIS AND SEKYERE SOUTH DISTRICT,
GHANA
Razak M. Gyasi, Lawrencia P. Siaw andCharlotte M. Mensah
Department of Geography & Rural Development, Faculty of Social Sciences, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
GGA 2014 Annual Conference, Notre Dame SHS, Sunyani, B/A August 26—30, 2014
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATIONIntroductionThe Problem & Study ObjectivesData & MethodsResults & DiscussionConclusionPolicy ImplicationsAcknowledgementsReferences
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INTRODUCTION Every culture has relied on TRM to treat one ill-health or another (Pan et el, 2014; WHO, 2013).
TRM is either the mainstay of health care delivery or serves as a complementary (WHO, 2013).
TRM use is widespread and the prevalence varies widely among populations (Okoronkwo et al, 2014).
INTRODUCTION In Africa, about;90% in Ethiopia, 85% in S/African, 75% in Mali, 70% in Ghana (WHO, 2013; Apt, 2013).
In Asia, about; 76% in Singapore, 86% in Republic of Korea, 90% among Chinese (WHO, 2013).
In developed world, about;Belgium (90%), Australia (69%), Canada (65%) and USA (45%) (WHO, 2013; Hwang et al, 2014).
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THE PROBLEM Studies in Ashanti have focused on disease- and population-specific dynamics (see Kretchy et al, 2014; Gyasi et al, 2013; Mensah and Gyasi, 2012).
Evidence on forms, sources, knowledge base, and disclosure of TRM use in Ashanti is erratic.
Objectives: To examine the prevalence and patterns of TRM utilisation in Ashanti Region. 5
DATA & METHODS Study Area, Design & Variables Prefecture: Kumasi Metro and Sekyere South District, Ashanti Region, Ghana.
Design: A retrospective cross-sectional quantitative survey was espoused.
Outcome variable: TRM utilisation Predictor variables: Demographic/ Socio-economic/ Biopsychosocial factors
Study protocol: Committee on Human Research Publication and Ethics (CHRPE), SMS, KNUST & KATH (CHRPE/AP/406/13).
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Source: Department of Geography, KNUST, 2014
Fig 1. Map of Kumasi Metropolis depicting Study Settlements
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Fig 2. Map of Sekyere South District depicting the study Settlements
Source: Department of Geography, KNUST, 2014
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Sampling
DATA & METHODS
n = (1.96)2 X [0.7(1-0.7)]/(0.05)2 = 322.69 ≈ 323
Selection Technique: Settlements: Simple Random SamplingParticipants : Systematic Random Sampling
Sample size:
n = (Zα)2 X [P(1-P)]/(d)2 (Lwanga and Lemeshow, 1991)
DATA & METHODSData Collection & Statistical Analysis
Data collection tools Primary were collected using Formal face-to-face interviewer administered questionnaires Data analysisPearson’s Chi-square test; Fisher’s exact test; With p ≤ 0.05 as sig. through PASW (v.17.0)
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
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Table 2: Univariate Analysis of baseline characteristics of the sampleCharacteristics Sub-category/ Mean
(SD) N % P-value
Sex Female 194 59.9% 0.518a
Marital Status Married/Cohabitated 201 62.0% 0.978Educational Status
Up to High School Level 207 63.9% 0.388a
Religious Background
Christianity 264 81.5% 0.218a
Employment Status Employed 276 86.5% 0.922Nature of Occupation
Self-employed (Farmers/Traders/Artisans)
225 69.4%0.178
Tribe/Ethnicity Akan 253 78.1% 0.789a
Perceived health status
Good/Very Good 251 77.9% 0.630
Chronic disease Yes 94 29.9% 0.003* Insurance status Yes 232 71.6% 0.527H/Hold Income Up to GH¢300.00 156 70.6% 0.409a
Age 31.3 (± 8.2) 0.600H/Hold Size 4.5 (±1.8) <0.001*
Working Experience
11.6 (± 3.4) 0.611
* The Chi-square statistic is significant at the 0.05 level. a Results are based on Fisher’s exact test
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Category n %Utilisation 279 86.1
No Utilisation45 13.9
Total 324 100.0
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Table 2: Prevalence of TRM Utilisation
Supports Onyiapat et al (2011) in Nigeria and (Kav, 2009) in Turkey.Inconsistent with Hwang et al, (2014), Peltzer et al (2008) and Hameen-Anttila et al, (2011).
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
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Table 3: Major Forms, Sources and Frequency of TRM Use
Category n = 279 % p-valueForms of traditional medicine accessed**
Spiritual therapy 71 25.4 0.125a
Biologically-based therapy 247 88.5 Faith healing 163 58.4 Body-mind therapy 86 30.8 Sources of Traditional Medical Products**
Self-application 232 71.6 0.004*Buy from Pharmacy/ Chemical Shops 186 57.4 Open Markets/Drug Peddlers/Buses 128 39.5 Consult TMP 96 29.6 Hospital/Clinic/Health Centre 22 6.8 How many times have you used TRM Once 58 17.9 <0.001* 2 times 86 26.5 3+ Times 135 41.7
CONCLUSION TRM use in Ashanti Region is inescapable Major modalities of TRM are Biologically-based and Distant/prayer interventions
Usage of TRM is independent of socio-demographic variables
Culture-specific health beliefs about disease etiology and treatment and economic reasons are largely accountable for the upsurge use of TRM. 14
POLICY IMPLICATIONS The need to understand the health-seeking and treatment behaviour of individuals.
Exploring the potentials of various modalities of TRM in the treatment of common conditions.
GPs must be knowledgeable about the common TRM therapies.
GPs should routinely discuss TRM use with their patients as part of medical history taking. 15
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funded by; CODESRIA IFRA-Nigeria and French Embassy Reviewed by; Professor Dr. Dr. Daniel Buor Professor Kassim Kassanga Dr. Anokye Mohammed Adam Research Assistants and Study participants
Authors and publishers of all works we consulted 16
REFERENCES
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Apt, N. A. (2013). Older People in Rural Ghana: Health and Health Seeking Behaviours. In Ageing and Health in Africa (Ed.) Pranitha Maharaj. Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht, London. Gyasi, R. M., Tagoe-Darko, E. and Mensah, C. M. (2013). Use of Traditional Medicine by HIV/AIDS Patients in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana: A Cross-sectional Survey. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, Vol. 3 No. 4.Gyasi, R. M., Mensah, C. M., Adjei, P. O. and Agyemang, S. (2011). Public Perceptions of the Role of TRM in the Health care Delivery System in Ghana. Global Journal of Health Science: Vol. 3, No. 2.Hughes, G. D., Aboyade, O. M., Clark, B. L. and Puoane, T. R. (2013). The prevalence of traditional herbal medicine use among hypertensive living in South African communities. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13:38 Hwang, J. H., Han, D. W., Yoo, E. K. and Kim, W-Y. (2014). The utilisation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among ethnic minorities in South Korea. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14:103.Kaadaaga, H. F., Ajeani, J., Ononge, S. Alele, P. E., Nakasujja, N., Manabe, Y. C. and Kakaire, O. (2014). Prevalence and factors associated with use of herbal medicine among women attending an infertility clinic in Uganda. BMC Complement and Altern Med, 14:27.Lwanga, S. and Lemeshow, S. (1991). Sample size determination in health Studies: a practical manual. World Health Organization, Geneva, 23-30.Mensah, C. M. and Gyasi, R. M. (2012). Use of Herbal Medicine in the Management of Malaria in the Urban- periphery, Ghana. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health care, Vol. 2, No.11, 113-122.Vandebroek, I. (2013). Intercultural Health and Ethnobotany: How to Improve Health care for Underserved and Minority Communities? Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 48, Issue 3: 746–754.WHO (2011). The World Medicines Situation 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization.
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