PRETAB Planning Model: Local Information Infrastructure (LII) as DSS for Local-level Urban Planning Ayon K Tarafdar Associate Professor, Dr. Department of Urban Planning School of Planning and Architecture: Vijayawada (MHRD, Govt of India)
Mar 29, 2015
PRETAB Planning Model: Local Information Infrastructure (LII) as DSS
for Local-level Urban Planning
Ayon K TarafdarAssociate Professor, Dr.
Department of Urban PlanningSchool of Planning and Architecture: Vijayawada
(MHRD, Govt of India)
Outline
• Municipal planning in India– the potential and profile of an (unnoticed) sector
• ULBs and the notion of non-spatial planning – the fallacy and shortcomings
• Geospatial tools for municipal planning– an issue of sectoral offerings and approach
• A way forward– The PRETAB planning model (NTNU-Norway-SPAV
research assignment)
Urbanization in India
Source: Census of India19 urban%
35% urban
40% urban
National Population
National Urban Population
ULBs and Metropolitans
• In 1991 there were 23 metropolitan cities, which increased to 35 in 2001– 2011, there are estimated 41 metro cities
• In 1991, there were 2562 urban local bodies (ULBs), which increased to 3255 by 2001
• It is estimated that by the year 2011, urban areas would contribute about 65 % of GDP
3255 ULBs in India?
• Notified Area (319)• Town Nagar Panchayat (453)• Town Area Committee (620)
Municipality(1290)
• Municipal Council (32)• Municipal Committee (233)• Municipal Board (253)
Municipal Corporations
(55)
National Commission on
Urbanisation 1985
NCU, Vol. II, Map 4
77 NPCs
252 SPCs
National Commission on
Urbanisation 1985
NCU, Vol. II, Map 5
49 SPURs
National Commission on
Urbanisation 1985
NCU, Vol. II, Map 6
Understanding the local mandate• 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA74, 1993) accorded
constitutional status to ULBs– mandated ULBs with the role of preparing spatial, economic and social
development plans
• CAA74 - SchdXII: accords 18 key planning functions for ULBs –– Regulation of land use and building construction– Water supply (domestic and commercial)– Roads and bridges– Public health, sanitation and solid waste management– Slum improvement and up-gradation– Parks, playgrounds, water bodies, etc– Planning for trade, commerce and economic development
This means…• Each ULB needs to prepare a municipal/town
development plan (10-15 year vision) addressing each sector (18), through:– Strategizing, phasing, projectizing, and evolving
implementation plans• Leading to ‘5 Year Plans’ and ‘Annual Plans’; and subsequent
project plans
1. Do we have enough (3255)Town Development Plans currently?
2. What does this plan- making mean, financially?
Understanding the potential• For almost 10 years, there were no municipal spatial plan,
which got approved, after CAA74 in 1993• Led to launch of
– National Urban Information System (NUIS), 2006– Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), 2005
NUIS• Preparation of GIS
database by NMA in coordination with State Govts.
• 137 towns and cities• 11.78 crore population• Rs. 66.28 crores
JNNURM• Preparation of City
Development Plan (CDPs), and DPRs
• 65 towns and cities• 12.06 crore population• Rs. 50,000 crores
Understanding the potential• The status / outcome as on 2010:
– 27 CDPs have been completed; rest underway• None of the CDPs are statutory plans
– About 43 NUIS town database completed; rest underway• None of this finds reference in CDPs or Municipal Plans
– About 11 Municipal Corporations out of 55 have an approved plan
– About 45 municipalities out of 1700 have an approved plan
Other issues with the CDPs and NUIS…CDPs and NUIS data• Non-Statutory documents• Not necessarily certified by professional planners• Not as per UDPFI/ ITPI guidelines• No plan-period specified• Non-spatial approach to development (lacks land use plan and
control, land suitability analysis, and other spatial aspects)• NUIS data not streamlined for urban planning• Attribute developed as per available data with census and
NMAs and not development agencies
Which means…• We do not have plans for almost 96% of our constitutionally
empowered 3255 ULBs, since CAA74 in 1993 (17 years)• Municipal plans are directly linked to municipal budgets and
projects, yet plans not ready• Every municipal body continues to have annual budgets,
projects and functions, without a local vision or development plan
• Projects are allocated on a top-down fashion, as earlier, based on district and state economic plans
• Does this show a way?
Understanding the Need/Potential• Estimated annual avg. municipal budget is INR 200 crores (for a
medium sized municipality)– Roughly 10% is allocated for plan-making - INR 20 crores– JNNURM allocates around INR 50 crores for CDP preparation– A development planning assignment by a public planning body is
estimated to be of around 30 crores (including primary survey), that can be sanctioned from State Planning Board
• Estimated funding available for plan-making = INR 100 crores per municipality
• Equivalent to a potential market of INR 300,000 crores – (referring to only plan-making for 3000 ULBs)
Understanding the Need/Potential• Assuming 20% to be spent on data assimilation and
creation of GIS = INR 20 crores per municipality• Equivalent to a potential market of INR 6000 crores for
geospatial enablement in plan-making
• What stops us from acting?
Notional Roadblocks
• Planning without information• Planning without planners
• Geospatial element left out to ‘mapping’ and creation of thematic maps, and databases only
• None of the current municipal plans utilize geospatial tools in its analytical frame
• Geospatial tools continue to address municipal planning and services at the sectoral level.
The sectoral approach
Geospatial Canvass Sectoral utilityDesign and Engg. Infrastructure, utilities &
services, construction, network planning etc
Mapping Cartography, thematic representation, delineation
Terrain and 3D Terrain modelling, defense, urban design
• While each of these are formidable tools, they remain potent at the application stage of project implementation within sectors. What then, can be more
appropriate for planners?
PRETAB Planning Model• Need to inculcate the role of geospatial sciences at
the plan making level, particularly land use control• Need for a simplified platform for that assists in
creation of spatial development plans leading to further sectoral projects.
• Platform need three main tenets:– Proactivity (geospatial expert enabled)– Reflectivity (planner and local stakeholder enabled)– Incrementalism (system enabled)
• Proactive Module: – Spatial & temporal information systems handling quantitative data
structures– Capacity to simulate, and analyse inter-sectorally– Inculcates role of experts
• Reflective Module:– Non-spatial information analytics; Livelihood analysis, socio-economic
profiling, stakeholder mapping, fishbone mapping, qualitative data structures, etc
– Inculcates role of local people
• Incremental Module: – Ability to add and delete components of analysis and data structure to
the system as required by a specific context and user
A PRETAB Planning Process Model
Local Information Infrastructu
re
LII
Component A)
Proactivity Module
Component B)
Environmental Module
Component C)
Territorial Module
Component D)
Action Module
User-defined Input
Dynamic exercise
User-defined Analysis
User-defined Output
A PRETAB Planning Process Model
Under development by NTNU-Norway & SPAV
Ending thoughts
• There is dearth of technology and human capacity
• There is no dearth of funds and resources• There is no dearth of need and rationale
• What we need is –– Appropriate vision, appropriate
applications/tools, and appropriate intervention.
Thank you([email protected] / [email protected])