President of Manifest Destiny: James K. Polk AP United States History Mrs. DErrico.

President of Manifest Destiny:

James K. Polk

AP United States HistoryMrs. D’Errico

Manifest Destiny

“American Progress” by John Gast

““Manifest Destiny”Manifest Destiny”““Manifest Destiny”Manifest Destiny”

First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."

".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."

A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.

A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.

Trends in Antebellum Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860America: 1810-1860Trends in Antebellum Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860America: 1810-1860

1. New intellectual and religious movements.

2. Social reforms.

3. Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America.

4. Re-emergence of a second party system and morepolitical democratization.

5. Increase in federal power Marshall Ct. decisions.

6. Increase in American nationalism.

7. Further westward expansion.

1. New intellectual and religious movements.

2. Social reforms.

3. Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America.

4. Re-emergence of a second party system and morepolitical democratization.

5. Increase in federal power Marshall Ct. decisions.

6. Increase in American nationalism.

7. Further westward expansion.

Areas of Expansion

Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence,Independence, 1836 1836Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence,Independence, 1836 1836

Sam Houston(1793-1863)Sam Houston(1793-1863)

Steven Austin(1793-1836)

Steven Austin(1793-1836)

The Republic of TexasThe Republic of TexasThe Republic of TexasThe Republic of Texas

The Battle of the The Battle of the AlamoAlamo

The Battle of the The Battle of the AlamoAlamo

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

James K. Polk: Early Background

• B. 1795 in Mecklenburg, North Carolina, but was raised in Tennessee

• Lawyer in Tennessee.• Became staunch Jacksonian Democrat• Served as U.S. Congressmen from

Tennessee, Speaker of the House, and Governor of Tennessee

• Lost reelection to Governorship 2 times!!

Election of 1844

Democrats

James K. Polk (Tenn.)

Whigs

Henry Clay (KY)

Ran on Expansion Platform, promised to lower Protective Tariffs

Opposed immediate annexation of Texas, alienated immigrants because of Nativist element of Whig Party

“54º40` or Fight”

Election Results

Polk as President

• Acquisition of California1. Built up naval presence

in the Gulf of Mexico and along the Pacific

2. Ordered General Zachary Taylor to the border between Texas and Mexico

3. Offered to buy territory for $25 Million

4. Tried to foment a rebellion by Californians against the Mexican government

• Mexican American War1. Border dispute

between the Neuces and Rio Grande Rivers

2. “Mr. Polk’s War”3. Mexico had “Shed

American Blood on American Soil

The Oregon TrailThe Oregon Trail – Albert – Albert Bierstadt, 1869Bierstadt, 1869

The Oregon TrailThe Oregon Trail – Albert – Albert Bierstadt, 1869Bierstadt, 1869

The Oregon Dispute: The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!54’ 40º or Fight!The Oregon Dispute: The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!54’ 40º or Fight!

By the mid-1840s,“Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by thepromise of free land.

By the mid-1840s,“Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by thepromise of free land.

The joint British-U. S.occupation ended in1846.

The joint British-U. S.occupation ended in1846.

The Bear Flag RepublicThe Bear Flag RepublicThe Bear Flag RepublicThe Bear Flag Republic

John C. FrémontJohn C.

Frémont

The Revolt June 14, 1845

The Revolt June 14, 1845

The Slidell Mission: The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845Nov., 1845

The Slidell Mission: The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845Nov., 1845

Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US border.

US would forgive American citizens’claims against the Mexican govt.

US would purchase the New Mexicoarea for $5,000,000.

US would California at any price.

Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US border.

US would forgive American citizens’claims against the Mexican govt.

US would purchase the New Mexicoarea for $5,000,000.

US would California at any price.

John SlidellJohn Slidell

Argument over annexation

• Wilmot Proviso, 1846– Voted on purely along

sectional lines

– The issue over the expansion of slavery is becoming ever more precarious

• Pro Slavery Argument claimed that new territory should be open to slavery along the Missouri Compromise lines, or through popular sovereignty

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• February 2, 1848• Mexico gave up

vast amount of territory to the United States:– Texas to the Rio

Grande, California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah.

– The US paid $15 million for the land

Results of the Mexican Results of the Mexican War?War?

Results of the Mexican Results of the Mexican War?War?1. The 17-month war cost $100,000,000

and 13,000+American lives (mostly of disease).

2. New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)

3. These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.

4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.

5. Manifest Destiny partially realized.

1. The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+American lives (mostly of disease).

2. New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)

3. These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.

4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.

5. Manifest Destiny partially realized.

Your task:

• Read the following documents that come from a variety of historical sources and viewpoints regarding expansion.

• Complete the chart stating the reasons for expansion of the nation versus the arguments against expanding the country to the pacific.