Presidency of Corazon Aquino

7/17/2019 Presidency of Corazon Aquino

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Presidency of

CorazonConjuangco

Aquino



• The bloodless,People Power Revolution in !"Arenewed the power of the people,strengthened the #eaning

of de#ocracy and restored thede#ocratic institutions of govern#ent$



• The Presidencyof Corazon C$

Aquino spanned for

si% years fro#&ebruary '(, )*+ to

-une ./, )**'$



• Corazon Aquino 0)*..1'//*2 was the

first fe#ale president of thePhilippines, and is 3nown for leadingthe People Power Revolution in )*+

which restored de#ocracy to thecountry$ "he was na#ed T456s7o#an of the 8ear in )*+$



• !uring the first few #onths of her

presidency, the Philippines e%periencedradical changes and refor#s$

• Cory i##ediately created a ConstitutionalCo##ission in charge of drafting a newconstitution, and created the PresidentialCo##ission on 9ood 9overn#ent which went

after 5arcos6s ill1gotten wealth$



•

The new Corazon Aquino Ad#inistration gavestrong e#phasis and concern for civil libertiesand hu#an rights, and peace tal3s withco##unist insurgents and 5usli# secessionists$

Cory also focused on bringing bac3 econo#ichealth and confidence$• The Aquino ad#inistration succeeded in paying

off :; billion of the country6s outstanding debts$



• <n the over1all, the Aquino ad#inistration #adei#portant gains in the aspects of bringing bac3

de#ocracy, restoring investor confidence in theecono#y and enacting legal and constitutional refor#s$!espite these achieve#ents, her presidency facedseveral threats fro# both right1wing #ilitaryele#ents and e%tre#e left1wing co##unist rebels$

• &urther, her ad#inistration dealt with nu#erousproble#s such as #ajor natural disasters which struc3the country and severe power shortages which too3 atoll on doing business in the Philippines$ 4t was alsoduring her tenure that the =nited "tates finallyended its #ilitary bases and presence in the country$



cono#y

• "ince )*+, the Aquino ad#inistration has paid off :;billion of the country>s outstanding debts to regaingood international credit ratings and attract theattention of future #ar3ets$

• ?evertheless, the ad#inistration borrowed anadditional :* billion, increasing the national debt by:( billion within si% years ti#e since the ouster of

for#er President &erdinand 5arcos in )*+$



• the Aquino ad#inistration also sought to bring bac3 fiscaldiscipline in order as it ai#ed to tri# down the govern#ent>sbudget deficit that ballooned during 5arcos> ter# through

privatization of bad govern#ent assets and deregulation of #anyvital industries$• 4t was also during Aquino>s ti#e that vital econo#ic laws such as

the @uilt1<perate1Transfer aw, &oreign 4nvest#ents Act andthe Consu#er Protection and 7elfare Act were enacted$

• The econo#y posted a positive growth of .$;B during her first year in office$ @ut in the after#ath of the )*+* coup atte#pt,the Philippine econo#y re#ained stagnant$ 4n her final year inoffice, inflation was raging at )B, and une#ploy#ent was slightlyover )/B, higher than the 5arcos years$

• <verall, the econo#y under Aquino had an average growth of.$+B fro# )*+ to )**'$



Revolutionary 9overn#ent



• President Aquino issued Procla#ation ?o$ ., whichestablished a revolutionary govern#ent$

• "he abolished the )*. Constitution that was inforce during #artial law, and instead pro#ulgated theprovisional )*+ &reedo# Constitution, pending theratification of a new Constitution by the people$

•This allowed Aquino to e%ercise both e%ecutive and legislativepowers until the ratification of the new Philippine Constitutionand the establish#ent of a new Congress in )*+$



and#ar3 egislation



Aquino pro#ulgated two land#ar3legal codesD

• The &a#ily Code of )*+, whichrefor#ed the civil law on fa#ilyrelations

• Ad#inistrative Code of )*+, whichreorganized the structure ofthe e%ecutive branch of govern#ent$



• $Another land#ar3 law that was enactedduring her tenure was the )**) ocal9overn#ent Code, which devolvednational govern#ent powers to localgovern#ent units 09=s2$

• The new Code also enhanced the powerof 9=s to enact local ta%ation

#easures and assured the# of a sharein the national revenue$



• Aquino closed down the 5arcos1do#inated @atasangPa#bansa to prevent the new 5arcos loyalistopposition fro# under#ining her de#ocratic refor#s

and reorganized the #e#bership of the "upre#eCourt to restore its independence$

• 4n 5ay )*+, the reorganized "upre#e Court

declared the Aquino govern#ent as Enot #erely a defacto govern#ent but in fact and law a de juregovern#entE, whose legiti#acy had been affir#ed bythe co##unity of nations$ This "upre#e Court

decision significantly affir#ed the status of Aquinoas the new, legiti#ate and rightful leader of thePhilippines$



)*+ Constitutional Co##ission

• President Aquino appointed ;+ #e#bers of the )*+Constitutional Co##ission 0Con1Co#2, led by retiredactivist "upre#e Court Associate -ustice Cecilia5uFoz1Pal#a$

• <n &ebruary ', )*+, the new Constitution of thePhilippines, which put strong e#phasis on civilliberties, hu#an rights and social justice, was

overwhel#ingly approved by the &ilipino people$ Theratification of the new Constitution was followed bythe election of senators and congress that sa#e yearand the holding of local elections in )*++$



Agrarian Refor#

• =pon her ascension into power, President Aquino envisioned agrarianand land refor# as the centerpiece of her ad#inistration>s sociallegislative agenda$

•

<n &ebruary '', )*+, three wee3s after the resoundingratification of the )*+ Constitution, agrarian wor3ers and far#ers#arched to the historic 5endiola "treet near 5alacaFan Palace tode#and genuine land refor# fro# Aquino>s ad#inistration$

•

The far#ers> #arch turned bloody and violent when 5arine forcesfired at far#ers who tried to go beyond the designatedde#arcation line set by the police$ As a result, )' far#ers were3illed and )* were injured in this incident now 3nown asthe 5endiola 5assacre$



• President Aquino issued Presidential Procla#ation ).) and %ecutive <rder''* on -uly '', )*+, which outlined her land refor# progra#, whichincluded sugar lands$

• 4n )*++, with the bac3ing of Aquino, the new Congress of thePhilippines passed Republic Act ?o$ (, #ore popularly 3nown as theCo#prehensive Agrarian Refor# aw$E The law paved the way for theredistribution of agricultural lands to tenant1far#ers fro# landowners,who were paid in e%change by the govern#ent through justco#pensation but were also allowed to retain not #ore than five hectaresof land$

• Corporate landowners were also allowed under the law to Evoluntarilydivest a proportion of their capital stoc3, equity or participation in favorof their wor3ers or other qualified beneficiariesE, in lieu of turning over

their land to the govern#ent for redistribution$ !espite the flaws in thelaw, the "upre#e Court upheld its constitutionality in )*+*, declaring thatthe i#ple#entation of the co#prehensive agrarian refor# progra# 0CARP2,provided by the said law, was Ea revolutionary 3ind of e%propriation$E



Privatization•

P.) billion, slightly #ore than '( percent of the govern#ent>sbudget, was allocated to public sector enterprisesGgovern#ent1owned or govern#ent1controlled corporationsGin the for# ofequity infusions, subsidies, and loans$

•

Aquino also found it necessary to write off P)./ billion in badloans granted by the govern#ent>s two #ajor financialinstitutions, the Philippine ?ational @an3 and the !evelop#ent@an3 of the Philippines, Eto those who held positions of powerand conflicting interest under 5arcos$E

• The proliferation of inefficient and unprofitable public sectorenterprises and bad loans held by the Philippine ?ational @an3,the !evelop#ent @an3 of the Philippines, and other govern#ententities, was a heavy legacy of the 5arcos years$



• @urdened with '* public sector enterprises, plus .** othernonperfor#ing assets transferred to the govern#ent by thePhilippine ?ational @an3 and the !evelop#ent @an3 of thePhilippines, the Aquino ad#inistration established the AssetPrivatization Trust in )*+ to dispose of govern#ent1owned andgovern#ent1controlled properties$

• @y early )**), the Asset Privatization Trust had sold './ assets

with net proceeds of P);$. billion$ Another ; public sectorenterprises that were created with direct govern#ent invest#entwere put up for saleH ( enterprises were sold wholly or in part fora total of about P billion$

•

The govern#ent designated that about ./ percent of the originalpublic sector enterprises be retained and e%pected to abolishanother '/ percent$ There was widespread controversy over thefairness of the divest#ent procedure and its potential tocontribute to an even greater concentration of econo#ic power inthe hands of a few wealthy fa#ilies$



• Another e%a#ple for President Aquino is thesequester#ent of its 5arcos1owned radio and

television stations such as the @anahaw@roadcasting Corporation, Radio Philippines?etwor3 and 4ntercontinental @roadcastingCorporation after the )*+ !"A Revolution$<n -uly ) and "epte#ber );, )*+, A@"1C@? resu#ed its operations after ); years oftheir closure$ "ince then, its TI

station !77J1TI and two radio stations areopened following a re1opening$



5edia and Culture

• "ince )*+, Aquino adopted <riginal Pilipino 5usic byi#ple#enting %ecutive <rder ?o$ '(( issued on -uly'(, )*+ which broadcasts hourly <P5 songs to all &5radio stations in 5etro 5anila and in the provinces

regularly to shape up &ilipino culture$

• "ingers li3e Regine Ielasquez, Randy "antiago, <gieAlcasid, 9ary Ialenciano, 5anilyn Reynes, !onna

Cruz and others are contributed to the President>si#ple#entation of &ilipino #usic over the airwaves$"tations li3e !K<<1&5, !7", etc$, are adoptedhourly <P5s effectively after the i#ple#entation$



5edia and Culture

• After the revolution, she re#oved 5aharli3a @roadcasting "yste# ,a 5arcos1owned TI networ3 originally ceased trans#itting on &ebruary ';,)*+ to replace a new networ3 under the brand na#e People>s Television?etwor3, 4ncorporated 0PTI1;2 in April )*+$ 4n )**', PT?4 #ade agovern#ent broadcaster for the first ti#e under RA ./ when it was

signed$ 4n )*++, 95A ?etwor3 unveils the new trans#itter calledthe Tower of Power located in @arangay Culiat in Luezon City with a grandopening to #ar3 a nationwide satellite broadcast and for the preparationof a Rainbow satellite$ The networ3 beco#es an instru#entof de#ocracy during the revolution$

• Aquino also encouraged the touris# sector to boost the national econo#y$=nder her si%1year ter#, the !epart#ent of Touris# launched a progra#called The PhilippinesD &iesta 4slands of Asia in )*+*, offers tourist visitsin the country to show their natural wonders, to protect their indigenouspeoples, to preserve heritage sites and to contribute historicali#portance$



"ports• The )*+ Asian 9a#es in "eoul, "outh Morea finished with

the Philippines in si%th with )+ #edals$

• 4n )*++, the )*++ "u##er <ly#pics in "eoul,

athlete eopoldo "erantes got the bronze #edal in the#en>s light flyweight division of bo%ing$ 5anila was tobeco#e the host city of the )**) "outheast Asian9a#es and the host country finished second place to4ndonesia$

• To ensure the standards of its athletes, the Philippine"ports Co##ission was established in )**/ as an institutionto train future athletes in sports and international events$



)*+ legislative elections

• a3as ng @ayan 0A@A?2 coalition co#posed of P!P1aban, a3as ng@ansa, =?4!<, iberal Party1"along 7ing, ?ational =nion ofChristian !e#ocrats, Philippine !e#ocratic "ocialist Party, @andilaand Pinaghiusa$

• 9rand Alliance for !e#ocracy 09A!2 coalition co#posed of the?acionalista Party, Milusang @agong ipunan, iberal Party1Malaw7ing, Partido ?acionalista ng Pilipinas, Christian "ocialist!e#ocratic Party, 5indanao Alliance and 5usli# &ederal Party

• =PP1M@ coalition co#posed of Pro15arcos forces$

• Aquino>s ad#inistration1coalition won '' out of the '; senate seats$



5ilitary 4nsurrections

Coup atte#pts 0)*+N)*+2

• &ro# )*+ to )*+, there were si% plots to overthrow thegovern#ent of Philippine President Corazon Aquino involving various

#e#bers of the Ar#ed &orces of the Philippines$• A significant nu#ber of the #ilitary participants in these atte#pts

belonged to the Refor# the Ar#ed &orces 5ove#ent 0RA52 led by9ringo Oonasan, while others were identified loyalists to for#erPresident &erdinand 5arcos, who had been deposed in &ebruary )*+$Two of the atte#pts G the ?ove#ber )*+ E9od "ave the LueenEplot and the -uly )*+ plot G were uncovered and quashed byauthorities before they could be operationalized$ "ave for theAugust )*+ coup atte#pts, which left (. people dead, the otherplots were repelled with #ini#al or no violence$



)$ 5anila Ootel plot

• The first occurred on -uly )*+, when so#e ;*/ ar#edsoldiers and )(,/// civilians loyal to for#erPresident &erdinand 5arcos occupied the 5anila Ootel for. hours$

• At the hotel, 5arcos>s vice1presidential running#ate Arturo Tolentino announced that 5arcos hadauthorized hi# to te#porarily ta3e over the govern#ent,too3 his oath as Acting President, and designated a cabinet$

• The public re#ained generally unaffected by this incident,

and it ended without violence by + -uly$



'$ E9od "ave the LueenE Plot

• A #ore serious conspiracy unfolded so#e #onths later, 3nown as the E9od"ave the Lueen PlotE$

• The !avide Co##ission concluded that ?ational !efense "ecretary nrileand #e#bers of the Refor# the Ar#ed &orces 5ove#ent 0RA52 were

behind the plot$

"cheduled for )) ?ove#ber )*+, the plot was discoveredby govern#ent several days in advance and was deliberately lea3ed tothe Philippine !aily 4nquirer , thus thwarting the plan$

• The govern#ent then learnt that the plot was rescheduled for ''?ove#ber )*+$

• <n ?ove#ber '', the #ilitary was placed on red alert and the rebel troopswere bloc3aded, leading the# to return to barrac3s$ The following day,Aquino announced she had sac3ed nrile as !efense "ecretary and that shewould reva#p her Cabinet, Eto give the govern#ent a chance to start allover again$E



.$ 95A1 incident

• &ro# 'N'* -anuary )*+, around )//soldiers led by Colonel <scar Canlasseized the #ain co#pound of 95A

?etwor3 in Luezon City, while othertroops atte#pted in vain tocapture "angley Point Air &orce

@ase in Cavite$ <ne rebel soldier was3illed, while .( people were injured$



;$ @lac3 "aturday incident

<n @lac3 "aturday )*+ 0)+ April2, ( rebel soldiersstaged a raid on &ort @onifacio$ 4t was repelledwithin the #orning, with one rebel soldier dead$

($ 54A plot

4n -uly )*+, a plot to stage another coup atte#ptthrough a #ilitary ta3eover of the 5anila4nternational Airport was uncovered before it couldbe i#ple#ented, with four officers being court1#artialled for the plot$



$ August )*+ coup atte#pt

• <n '+ August )*+, the #ost serious atte#pt up to then to overthrowAquino>s govern#ent was launched by #e#bers of the Refor# the Ar#ed

&orces 5ove#ent led by Colonel 9regorio Oonasan, who had been afor#er top aide of nrile$4n the early #orning of the '+th, rebel soldierslaunched an attac3 on 5alacaFan Palace$ The siege was repelled within afew hours, with several #ilitary and civilian casualties including Aquino>sson, current President @enigno Aquino 444, who was wounded$ Oonasanhi#self led the soldiers that seized portions of Ca#p Aguinaldo, includingthe headquarters of the !epart#ent of ?ational !efense$ Rebel soldiersalso seized parts of Iilla#or Airbase, three television stations in 5anila,#ilitary ca#ps in Pa#panga and Cebu, and the airport in egaspi City$

• Iarious state#ents broadcast by the rebels referred to Ethe

overindulgence in politics which now pervades in societyE,

the supposed#ishandling of the co##unist insurgency, and the deplorable econo#iccondition of the #ilitary rebels$ @y day>s end, govern#ent troops wereable to recapture #ost of the rebel1held facilities, and the coup hadfizzled out by the '*th$ (. were dead and #ore than '// woundedH #anyof the fatalities were unar#ed civilians who were fired upon by rebels

after they were jeered by the crowd$

Oonasan hi#self evaded capture,while nrile 0by then a "enator2, denied involve#ent in the coup$



• &ollowing the coup atte#pt, the Aquino govern#entsee#ingly veered to the right, dis#issing perceived left1leaning officials such as %ecutive "ecretary -o3er

Arroyo and tacitly authorizing the establish#ent ofar#ed, quasi1#ilitary groups to co#bat theongoing co##unist insurgency$

• 4t was also believed that 9eneral &idel Ra#osNwho re#ainedloyal to AquinoNe#erged as the second #ost1powerful personin govern#ent following his successful quelling of the coup$

• Across1the1board wage increases for soldiers were also

granted$ Aquino herself #eanwhile sued Philippine"tar colu#nist ouie @eltran for libel after he wrote thatthe President hid under her bed when the Palace was undersiege$



)*+* coup atte#pt

• The #ost serious coup d>tat against the govern#entof Philippine President Corazon Aquino was staged beginning) !ece#ber )*+* by #e#bers of the Ar#ed &orces of thePhilippines belonging to the Refor# the Ar#ed &orces5ove#ent 0RA52 and soldiers loyal to for#er President

&erdinand 5arcos$ 5etro 5anila was sha3en by the coup,where the rebels al#ost gained full control ofthe presidential palace$ 4t was co#pletely defeated byPhilippine 9overn#ent forces on !ece#ber *, )*+*$

• !ece#ber )*+* coup atte#pt• 5arch )**/ coup atte#pt• <ctober )**/ coup atte#pt



Controversies

• 5endiola 5assacre7ithin a year of the People PowerRevolution, on -anuary '', )*+, statesecurity forces fired their guns into afar#ers> #arch on 5alacaFan Palace$Thirteen of the peasants were 3illed

and #any #ore wounded$



uis @eltran "candal

• uis @eltran, who was a &ilipino journalist, beca#e notorious for#entioning in a colu#n about the )*+ coup atte#pt that thenPresident Corazon Aquino had been hiding under the bed duringthe coup$ &or this state#ent he was sued by the President forlibel$ Aquino went so far as to show journalists that she could not

fit under her bed$ @eltran, who openly e%pressed his belief thatthe President was lac3ing in co#petence, countered that hiswords were not #eant to be ta3en literally, but Aquino stillpursued the case against hi# and the "TAR>s editor1in1chief 5a%"oliven$ <n '' <ctober )**', the court ruled in Aquino>s favor,

sentencing the colu#nist and his editor to ' years ofi#prison#ent and ordering the# to pay ' #illion pesos in #oralda#ages$



The nd$@yD

5i33e !$ ejanoPatricia Ann C$ Ruedas

Than3 you for isteningQ

Presidency of Corazon Aquino

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