Presenting QM

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PresentingPresentingQMQM



CONTENT

• Introduction to Organisation & Presentation of Data

• Types of Presentation

• Other Type of Tabular Presentation

• Summary• Bibliography



OrganisationOrganisation & & PresentationPresentation of Dataof Data

Organizing ref. to arranging & classifying data

Presentation of Data ref. to presenting facts fromwhich conclusion can be drawn



Types of Presentation

TextPresentation

TabularPresentation

Graphical Presentation



TextText PresentationPresentation

Not very effective

Need to read theparagraph carefully

Hardly anyoneunderstand suchpresentation



TabularTabular PresentationPresentation Better than text

presentation

Presented in theformat of rows & columns

Effective ascompared to textpresentation



Tabular Presentation

Geographicclassification

Time SeriesDescriptive

Characteristics

Differences of kind

Differences of degree



Differences of kindDifferences of kind

Class are setup onthe basis of QualitativeDifferences

2. eg;Table 1: no. of student in college

3. eg;Table 2: no. of Workers in Factory



Differences of DegreeDifferences of Degree

Base on Quantitative terms & not in Qualitative

terms Qualitative terms are not satisfactory compared

to Quantitative terms

eg:Table: no. of Children classified according to

Age



Geographic ClassificationGeographic Classification

Separates data into groups according to

Geographical division2. eg;Table: Rainfall in state’s in India



Time SeriesTime Series

Classified on basis of Time intervals

Arranged in order of Occurrence eg;Table: no. of units produce by a factory in

Year



Other tabular Presentation

Cumulative frequencydistribution

Bivariate Frequencydistribution

Frequencydistribution

Marginal Distribution

Conditional Distribution



Frequency DistributionFrequency Distribution Frequency Table: different class intervals

known as Frequency Table

Frequency Distribution: total no of

observation over different class intervalsDiscrete Distribution: each class is

denoted by numbers

Continuous Distribution: continuity of thevalues of the variable

C l iC l ti F



Cumulative FrequencyCumulative FrequencyDistributionDistribution

Relative frequency: frequency of class / total

frequency Cumulative Frequency: add relative frequency

3. eg;Table: no. of secured by student



Bivariate FrequencyBivariate FrequencyDistributionDistribution

It is used in case where more than one things have to be considered.

Two types of Bivariate Frequency Distribution:

Marginal Distribution Conditional Distribution

B t F



B var ate Frequencyvar a e requencyDistributionDistribution

1st Type of Bivariate Frequency Distribution:-

Marginal Distribution: class intervalcorresponding to the data & correspondingrows

eg;Table : no. of marks secured in sub.



GraphicalGraphical PresentationPresentation

Easy to understand

Effective & Efficient compared to TextPresentation

Limited set of data can be easily understand Graphical Presentation are of two type:

Co-ordinates of Point

Representing Frequency Distribution



GraphicalPresentation

Co- ordinatesOf point

RepresentingFrequencydistribution

histogram

FrequencyPolygon & Curve



GraphicalGraphical PresentationPresentation 1st type of

RepresentingFrequencyDistribution:-

Histogram: bar chartrepresenting afrequencydistribution i.e.

height of barsrepresent observedgraph

3. eg;Table: no. of

marks secured bystudent



GraphicalGraphical PresentationPresentation 2nd type of

RepresentingFrequencyDistribution:-

Frequency Polygon:-

frequency are plottedagainst the midpt of the class interval

Pt are joined by line

segments No. of pt can be

easily plotted on thesame graph of

Frequency Polygon as compared to



GraphicalGraphical PresentationPresentation 3rd type of Representing

Frequency Distribution:-

Frequency Curve:- joined by the smoothcurve instead of line

segment3. eg;Table: height of

student

ummaryummary



ummaryummary

Organizing & Presentation of Data ref . to arranging

the presented facts from which conclusion can bedrawn

Types of Presentation:-

Text Presentation

Tabular Presentation

Graphical Presentation

Text Presentation:- not as effective as compared toother type of presentation; need to read whole

paragraph

Tabular Presentation:- effective & efficient ascompared to Text Presentation, presented in theformat of rows & columns

Graphical presentation:- easier to understand as



SummarySummary Other types of Tabular Presentation:-

2. Frequency distribution

• Cumulative Frequency distribution

• Bivariate Frequency distribution

Frequency distribution:- gives frequency of diff .class interval

Cumulative Frequency distribution:-add relativefrequency

Bivariate Frequency distribution:- used where

more than one things have to be considered



Bib-blographyBib-blography Quantitative Methods – 1

2. A.V.Deshpande

3. M.L. Vaidya

4. A.P.Kumtha



Thanks to mrs S. RAO



:-:-

• Mohit.M 25

• Pratik.K 18• Kunal.S 41

• Atul.S 40

• Amar. J 13• Pawan.K 17

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