enting in the classroom and beyond [Tufte, 2006]
Dec 16, 2015
Understanding follows from dividing out what’s relevant and minimizing use of jargons and excessive text (bullets)
[Marshall, 2012]
Rethinking the Designof Presentation Slides
Michael AlleyCollege of Engineering
Melissa MarshallDepartment of Communication
Arts & Sciences
Water from the jet engine’s exhaust creates contrails that float in the atmosphere
[Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, 2002]
[Hamaker, 2009]
The defaults of PowerPoint are not based on researchin communication or cognitive psychology
[Gomes, 2007]
Poor starting place
Our research has found that most slides are heavily influenced by these defaults
[Garner et al., 2009]
Our Decision
Do not reprocess in the United States
Do not send spent fuel to France for reprocessing.
Wait for GNEP and new reprocessing methods to be developed.Less chance for the proliferation of nuclear
weapons.
New technology uses recycled fuel more efficiently.
Too much text
40%
3
Micro-compression
• MTS Nano Indenter XP– Modified Berkovich Indenter
– Load applied with coil/magnet assembly
• Load Resolution 50nN
– Displacement measured with capacitance gauge
• Sub nm displacement resolution
• Specimen – 300 nm to 20 μm diameter
– fixed base
Our research has found that most slides are heavily influenced by these defaults
[Garner et al., 2009]
Too much text: crowded
25%
The past few years, this common practice of PowerPoint has received harsh criticism
[Tufte, 2003][Schwartz, 2003]
[Keller, 2003]
January 16, 2003 February 1, 2003January 24, 2003
3
Xenon headlights illuminate signs better than halogen headlights do
[Sylvania, 2008 ]
Xenon Headlight
Halogen Headlight
SilverStar Ultra TM
Standard Halogen
Xenon
We advocate an assertion–evidence slide structure that is grounded in communication research
[Fishbone, 2008]
Xenon headlights illuminate signs better than halogen headlights do
[Sylvania, 2008 ]
Xenon Headlight
Halogen Headlight
SilverStar Ultra TM
Standard Halogen
Xenon
[Sawarynski, 2009]
The structure calls for a succinct sentence headline that states the main assertion of the slide
[Toulmin, 2002][Alley et al., 2006]
The small size of the mouse brain makes locating specific areas extremely difficult
52 [Welker, 2008]
The structure also calls for supporting that sentence-assertion headline with visual evidence
[Mayer, 2001][Paivio, 1986]
During growth, cells secrete waste products and macromolecules into their environment
Waste
Macromolecules
Cells
[Brown, 2008]
During growth, cells secrete waste products and macromolecules into their environment
Waste
Macromolecules
Cells
The Chesapeake Bay, which is the country’s largest estuary, has only two places for traffic to cross
[landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov]
Dover
Washington D.C
Richmond
Annapolis
sha.state.md.us
[roadtraffic-technology.com]
In the past 25 years, traffic has significantly increased on the Chesapeake Bay Bridge
1961Traffic 1.5 million
[Maryland Transportation Authority, 2007]
1952Traffic: 1.1 million
2007Traffic: 27 Million
How much power from a truck’s engine is needed to overcome aerodynamic drag?At typical highway speeds, overcoming drag requires about two-thirds of a truck engine’s output
[McCallen, 2004]
Aerodynamic DragCD = 0.6
Rolling Friction and Accessories
[LLNL, 2010]
A third hurdle in adopting the assertion−evidence structure is to overcome the weak defaults of PowerPoint
[Alley, 2003][Atkinson, 2005]
Template at first
Google listing
for “presentation sli
des”
Water from the jet engine’s exhaust creates contrails that float in the atmosphere
[Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, 2002]
In summary, assertion-evidence slides are more effective than the common practice of PowerPoint
[Hamaker, 2009]
Melissa MarshallDepartment of Communication
Arts & Sciences
Example transformations of slides from the traditional to the assertion-evidence design
This presentation shows transformations of slides from the traditional to the assertion-evidence design
Before
After
U.S. Resource Use
• The United States uses:– 42% of all the aluminum produced worldwide
– 31% of all the petroleum
– 29% of all the phosphate
– 27% of all the copper
– 27% of the nitrogen
– 25% of the zinc
• Approximately 30% of all resources worldwide
Although the U.S. has 5% of the world's population, we use an average of 30% of all resources
United States use of specific resources (percentage of worldwide use)
A First Step Towards Automatic Verificationof PDE Code
Hans Petter LangtangenOla Skaghaug
Simula Research LaboratoryOslo, Norway
Before
A First Step Towards Automatic Verification of PDE Code
Hans Petter LangtangenOla Skaghaug
Simula Research LaboratoryOslo, Norway
This presentation shows the evolution from a manual environment to one that is automated
manual
somewhatmanual
MATLAB
Python
automated
Fortran 77
C++
OutlineOutline IntroductionIntroduction BackgroundBackground PrePre--Combustion methodsCombustion methods
–– Coal switchingCoal switching–– Coal cleaningCoal cleaning
Combustion methodCombustion method–– Atmospheric fluidized bedAtmospheric fluidized bed
PostPost--Combustion methodsCombustion methods–– AbsorptionAbsorption–– AdsorptionAdsorption
ConclusionsConclusions AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments QuestionsQuestions
Before
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
B C D
AA
C
B
D
?
Digital Acquisition System
Accelerometer outputs an analog voltage
Hardware converts analog signal to digital
Computer samples a number of points
Data is exported to popular applications
o Microsoft Excel
o Matlab
Before
Converting an analog signal to a digital signal requires a sampling of the signal
Accelerometer outputs an analog voltage
Hardware converts analog signal to digital
Computer samples a number of points
Data is exported to popular applications
Excel
Although researchers give validation more attention, validation requires successful verification
Validation
Is the PDE model appropriate?
Do we solve the right equations?
Verification
Are the numerical models correctly implemented?
Do we solve the right equations?
Iron
• An abundant metal, makes up 5.6% of earth’s crust
• Properties:– shaped, sharpened, welded
– strong, durable
• Accounts for >95% of metals used
• Iron ores discovered in 1844 in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula
• Soon found other ores in upper Wisconsin and Minnesota Kesler 1994
Iron Ore Distribution
Before
[Kesler 1994]
Iron Ore Distribution
[www.star-bits.com]
Iron ore
Where is the largest concentration of iron ores in North America?Iron ores make up 5.6% of the earth’s crustand account for 95% of the metals used
Can be shaped, sharpened, and welded
Is strong and durable
Iron
Led to 59% recall Led to 77% recall
Iron • An abundant metal, makes
up 5.6% of earth’s crust
• Properties:– shaped, sharpened, welded
– strong, durable
• Accounts for >95% of metals used
• Iron ores discovered in 1844 in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula
• Soon found other ores in upper Wisconsin and Minnesota Kesler 1994
Iron Ore Distribution
p < 0.001
Students learning from the transformed slide scored higher on an identical test question
[Alley et al., 2006]
Q: How abundant is iron in the earth’s crust?
[Kesler 1994]
Iron Ore Distribution
[www.star-bits.com]
Iron ore
Where is the largest concentration of iron ores in North America?Iron ores make up 5.6% of the earth’s crustand account for 95% of the metals used
Can be shaped, sharpened, and welded
Is strong and durable
Iron
U.S. Resource Use
• The United States uses:– 42% of all the aluminum produced worldwide
– 31% of all the petroleum
– 29% of all the phosphate
– 27% of all the copper
– 27% of the nitrogen
– 25% of the zinc
• Approximately 30% of all resources worldwide
Before
Although the U.S. has 5% of the world's population, we use an average of 30% of all resources
United States use of specific resources (percentage of worldwide use)
Led to 71% correct Led to 82% correct
Students learning from the transformed slide scored higher on an identical test question
Q: Percentage of world’s resources that the U.S. uses?
p < 0.025
U.S. Resource Use
• The United States uses:– 42% of all the aluminum produced worldwide
– 31% of all the petroleum
– 29% of all the phosphate
– 27% of all the copper
– 27% of the nitrogen
– 25% of the zinc
• Approximately 30% of all resources worldwide
Although the U.S. has 5% of the world's population, we use an average of 30% of all resources
United States use of specific resources (percentage of worldwide use)
[Alley et al., 2006]
Why do the plates move?
Miller, 2004
•Convection
•Heat is from nuclear fission. •Uranium, Thorium, are large “unstable” atoms which break down to produce, smaller atoms, heat, and radioactivity
Before
Plates move because of convection caused by heat from decay of radioactive elements in the mantle
[Miller, 2004]
Uranium and Thorium are large “unstable” atoms
break down to produce smaller atoms, heat, and radioactivity
Ocean
Led to 54% correct Led to 86% correct
Students learning from the transformed slide scored higher on an identical test question
Q: Heat source for movement of lithospheric plates?
p < .001
Why do the plates move?
[Miller, 2004]
Plates move because of convection caused by heat from decay of radioactive elements in the mantle
Uranium and Thorium are large “unstable” atoms
break down to produce, smaller atoms, heat, and radioactivity
Ocean
Why do the plates move?
Miller, 2004
•Convection
•Heat is from nuclear fission. •Uranium, Thorium, are large “unstable” atoms which break down to produce, smaller atoms, heat, and radioactivity
[Alley et al., 2006]