Presented to School Based Law Enforcement Conference Corpus Christi, Texas June, 2011 Presented by Sgt. Steve Garst Certified Crime Prevention Specialist.

Presented to

School Based Law Enforcement Conference

Corpus Christi, Texas

June, 2011

Presented by

Sgt. Steve Garst

Certified Crime Prevention Specialist

Community Services Division

Little Elm Police Department, Texas

Practical CPTED forSchool Campuses

Steve Garst L.C.C., C.C.P.S.

B.B.A. Degree – Sam Houston State University

TCLEOSE Master Peace Officer

TCLEOSE Instructor Certification

Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas (LEMIT) Leadership Command College (LCC) – Class # 41

Certified Crime Prevention Specialist

20 years law enforcement experience

Former Sergeant and Coordinator of School Safety – Conroe ISD

Sergeant - Crime Prevention/Community Services – Little Elm PD

C.P.T.E.D. Specialist

Agenda

Basic Overview of CPTED Principles

Maintenance

Natural Surveillance

Access Control

Territorial Reinforcement

The four D’s of CPTED

Deter Detect

Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Delay Deny

Agenda

Key Concepts of Security & Strategies

Terrorism

Doors, Windows, and other points of entry

Perimeter Control – 1st line of defense

Fences, Landscaping, and Lighting

Building Exterior Reinforcement – 2nd line of defense

Building Interior – 3rd line of defense

Locks, Alarms, and Cameras

Weather issues

Color and CPTED Movement and CPTED

Floor plans and layouts Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police

Dept.

Definition

What is Crime Prevention?


The anticipation, recognition, and appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of action to remove or reduce it.

Definition

What is Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design?


Proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the incidence of crime and the fear of crime and lead to an improvement in the quality of life.

Security Truism

Convenience Kills

Safety

Convenient

Safe Convenient

SafeSgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Security Caveat

No security system can be made completely secure!

Anything made by man can be defeated by man!


The Law of Unintended

Consequences

Learn to think outside the (form of some other geometrical shape besides a) box.

You must “what if” solutions to be sure you don’t create one problem while trying to solve another.


Enforce the Rules

When the smallest of rules goes unenforced, all the rest become

mere suggestions!Sgt. Steve Garst


If you have a rule in the rule book you do not fairly, uniformly and consistently

enforce, REMOVE IT!

Four D’s of Crime Prevention

1. Deter the criminal attack.

2. Detect the attack.

3. Delay the attack.

4. Deny access to selected targets.



Natural Access Control

Territorial Behavior

Maintenance

Key CPTED Concepts



The ability to see in or out

Applies to residential or commercial

Extends to parking lots and beyond

Key CPTED Concepts


Windows, landscape maintenance, open areas, lighting and much more

Visibility Issues

Must NOT obstruct visibility

A solid barrier has two negative effects…

• Provides a shield for unauthorized activity

• Prohibits visual inspection of the property.


Natural Access Control

Concept directed primarily at decreasing crime opportunity by denying access to crime targets and creating in offenders a perception of risk.

Done by designing streets, buildings, entrances, gateways, etc. to clearly indicate

public routes and to discourage access to private areas using structural elements.

Key CPTED Concepts


Control Ingress and Egress

Serve as a channel for persons and vehicles,

Must accommodate routine, expected movement,

Must also consider emergencies,

Must not deter from the overall value or benefit of the barrier itself.


Territorial Reinforcement

Using physical attributes that express ownership, such as fences, pavement treatment, art, signs, lighting and such to show private ownership.

Makes legitimate users feel safer.

Discourages intruders.

Key CPTED Concepts


Highway

Public Sidewalk

Green Belt

Your Driveway

Your Building Sidewalk

Fence or low landscaping

Your Building

Lighting

Grass, dirt, gravel, other area

Paving or Walk Material Different from Public Walk

Maintenance

A very important, but often ignored aspect…

Must be inspected on a periodic basis to determine condition and guard against digging, damage, climbing aides, etc.

Locks on gates and other openings in the barrier must be inspected periodically and

changed at planned intervals.

“BROKEN WINDOWS” concept.


Landscaping and Shrubbery

Insure optimum visibility of all possible entrances and exits.

Locate shrubs eighteen to twenty-four inches away from all entrances and exits.

Cut shrubs at least six inches below window level, or no higher than eighteen inches.

Trim tall shrubs and trees for the ground up to six to eight feet to assure visibility.


Landscaping and Shrubbery – cont.

Separate hedges to prevent hiding.

Remove rocks, wood chips, removal mats, et al from doorways to prevent blocking the door opening.

Generally, thick, and thorny type bushes or hedges are most recommended. BUT…

…remember that they may be used to hide an intruder!


Lighting

Proper lighting serves as one of the most effective perimeter barriers available

Provides both a physical and psychological deterrence

Very efficient deterrent

Partially restores some of the deterrence provided by daylight

MUST… Be functioning properly

Protect fixtures, switches, fuse boxes


Not just More Light

More Appropriate Light


Building Perimeter – FIRST Line of Defense

Any concession made here MUST be made up at the second or third line of defense.

Fences

Gates

Concessions made on the first line of defense should be made up for here

Exterior lighting


Parking control After-hour access

Building Exterior – Second Line of

DefenseConsider principle points of entry:

Doors Windows

Roof hatches Skylights

Floors Storm sewers

In other words…. Consider not only sides but top and bottom.

Concessions made on the first line of defense should be made up for here

Window air conditioner


Other Entry Points

Sewers, storm drains, manhole covers

(secure with chains, padlocks, bars, grating)

Roof / roof hatches / skylights

(make recommendations as circumstances dictate)

Shafts, vents, ducts, fire escapes

(make recommendations as circumstances dictate)


General Building Perimeter Recommendations

1.) Get those doors LOCKED.

2.) Remove door mats and other door blocks.

3.) Install door open alarm notifiers.

4.) Provide adequate signs and visitor notices.

5.) Routinely check roof hatches, skylights and other possible entry points.


Interior Controls Third Line of Defense

Complex area and may vary considerably from building to building

Considerations are:

Locks

Key control

Alarms

Cameras

Metal detecto

rs

Type of glassAccess


Building Access

Is entry limited to certain doors?

Can secured doors be easily defeated?

What precautions are in place to prevent defeat?

Who unlocks / locks building?


LOCKS

Retrofit old locks

Meets ADA compliance requirementsOld “classroom function” style locks only from outside

ANSI - F88 lock

Locks from either side only with a key but…

…if locked from inside, cannot be opened from outside.

Remove outside entry handles except on main doorKeep all doors locks – storage, electrical, classrooms not in use, et al.

Upgrade and enforce key control.

Key ControlHow many keys are out

there?How do you know, for sure?

When was the last time building was re-keyed?

Who has keys?

What do they open?

Are there any reports of lost keys?

If ‘yes’, what action was taken?Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police

Dept.

Locks… and what else?

Photo ID cards - Staff

Photo ID cards - Students

Photo ID cards - Visitors

Proximity Card Access


Intrusion Alarms - Overview

Conduct basic check of the system.

Can it be armed / disarmed as designed?

Does it dial into someone?

When was the code last changed?

Are detectors located in appropriate locations?

Are all detectors operational?

Do all keypads work?


Cameras

Best way to increase your “eyes.”

Most cost effective way if they are wired into a new building construction.

Should be integrated with alarms.

Provides proof of illegal or unauthorized activity – (eases prosecution – quiets vocal parents).


Cameras have been documented as being effective in…

Deterring criminal activity.

Documenting criminal activity.

Reducing property loss, thus reducing insurance premiums and related costs.

Reducing personal injury incidents.

Providing court-approved evidence.

Diffusing parental disputes of child’s activity.


Camera – Considerations

What do you want to accomplish?

Remember, there were perimeter cameras in Thurston High, and they showed Kip Kingel coming in, but he was not personally identifiable, nor could it be seen that he was carrying a large package. What good were they?

A sub-par system that is not properly maintained is more of a liability than an

asset.


Camera – Considerations - cont.

Columbine had cameras but…

The custodian forgot to change the tapes that morning. He

changed it during the time (20 min.) that Harris and Klebold set

the propane bombs in the cafeteria.


The Use

of Colors

The Use of Color

Do colors affect people? Yes

If that is true, then can colors be used to influence the “effective

use” of an environment?


…symbolizes heat, fire, blood, passion, love, warmth, power, excitement and aggression.

…can elevate blood pressure and respiratory rate. …emotionally intense and extremely dominating. …makes people anxious.

…can cause people to lose track of time (Viva Las Vegas).

…can be an appetite stimulant.

Red


…excessive use can cause eye irritation and can speed metabolism.

…in moderate amounts can…

…produce sensations of brightness and warmth.…represent playfulness, light, creativity, easygoing attitude.

…make attention getter, but like sunlight, you want it to be there, but you don’t want it in your eyes.…most visible of all colors. It is an attention getter.

Yellow

..is a universal symbol of nature and money.…symbolizes life, youth, renewal, hope.…is the easiest color on the eyes.

…calming effect on nervous system.

(the Green Room for TV guests)

Dark Green -- cool, masculine, conservative, and implies wealth. Emerald Green -- immortality.

Olive Green -- the color of peace.

Green

Colors can be deceiving.

Colors can take on different hues depending on location or proximity to other colors.

However…


Is the color in the center the same or different?


The same color will appear different under various types of lighting.


The use of art to create…


In the cafeteria, you want them sitting down eating, so…

…create serenity.


Don’t create motion, especially swift motion like...


Animals and motion…do you want them moving?


Be aware of the intent and the picture being used. Some

differences are very subtle.

Passive AggressiveSgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police

Dept.

B O Y ’ S G Y M

Move them with simple arrows…


Building Floor Plans

Subtle Differences

and

Simple Changes

Student Parking

School

Informal Gathering

Areas

Student Parking

School

Formal Gathering

Areas

Fencing or landscaping

Add Lighting

Add Lighting

Student Parking

Curb Line

Cu

rb

Lin

e

Student Parking

Curb Line

Cu

rb

Lin

e

Fencing or low landscaping

Optional Gate

Traffic lanes & curbs

(Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe Places

Main Street

School Building

Student Parking

Faculty,/Visitor Parking

After-hour parking for away athletic events. A lot of car burglaries or criminal mischief.

Driver’s Education

Training after school.

Driveway

(Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe Places

School Building

Student Parking

Faculty,/Visitor Parking

Move Driver’s Ed to back. Coming and going will

help watch activity.

Place after-hour parking in front

Driveway

Main Street

Principal’s Office

Your Desk

You are here

Your only exit is here

The suddenly hostile 6’5”, 285 lb. parent is here

Or maybe here

How do you get away?


Principal’s Office

Your Desk

Place Yourself Here

Your only exit is here

Place the 6’5”, 285 lb. parent

here. If he gets hostile, you have

an escape.

Or Here

Now, you can get away?


Poor Design

Isolated Entry

Difficulty Hearing

Good Design

Good Entry / Access

Good Hearing


Girls RR

Girls RR

Boys RR

Boys

RR

Main Offices

Commons

AP Office

s

LIBRARY

Store Room

Book Room

Classroom Wing

Classroom Wing

Classrooms Classrooms

StairwellStairwell

Stairwell

Girls RR

Girls RR

Boys RR

Boys

RR

Main Offices

CommonsAP

Offices

LIBRARY

Store Room

Book Room

Classroom Wing

Classroom Wing

Classrooms Classrooms

StairwellStairwell

Stairwell

AP Office

s

Reception Desk

Enter Enter

Library

BB

GB

File Cabinets


Reception Desk

EnterEXIT ONLY

Library

BB

GB

File Cabinets


Main Hallway

Receptionist

Bench Bench

Main Entry Doors

Receptionist

Main Hallway

Main Entry DoorsSgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police

Dept.

Main Hallway

Desk

Main Entry


Weather and other Shelter-in-Place

Red and Green Dots

Low cost

Easy to install

Easy to train

Easy to follow


Terrorism

Labs and chemicalsHAZMET potential – custodial and classesUtility cut-off locations and methodsCurrent floor plans on file with emergency responders

Parking locations

Routes to school – buses, walkers, bikes, cars


Terrorism

Outside deliveries - protocol

Lockdown procedures and drills

Evacuation (bldg. & site) procedures and drills

Practice makes perfect

Practice makes permanent

Adequate, controlled, planned and practiced response to active suspects


Terrorism

Building Identification

Roof (building) and Door Identification

Unique building identifiers

Individual door numbering & orientation

Ex: (Bldg.) A

Ex: A (building) - N (north) – D – (door) A-N-1, A-N-2, A-W-1, etc.


Terrorism

Active Shooters

Plan for rapid response with less than idea, adequate preparation, or

redundancy.

Train, train, train

First responding officers MUST go to the threat


National Incident Management System (NIMS)

National standardized method of preventing, preparing for, responding to, or

recovering from an incident.

Applies to ALL Federal, State, territorial, tribal, private sector and nongovernmental personnel with responsibility in emergency

management operations.



Required Courses – All available on-line

ICS-100 – An Introduction to ICS – Incident Command System


ICS-200 – Basic ICS for Initial Action Incident

ICS-700 – An Introduction to NIMS

ICS-800 – An Introduction to the National Response Plan (NRP)


To be fully compliant, must also have…

http://training.fema.gov/IS/NIMS.asp


ICS – 300 – Introduces Unified Command with exercises

ICS – 400 – Advanced Unified Command with exercises

THANK YOU


Sgt. Steve Garst, L.C.C. – Certified Crime Prevention Specialist Little Elm Police Department

Sergeant Steve Garst

Contact Information

Little Elm Police Department100 W. Eldorado Parkway

(469) 853-3846 - Mobile

Little Elm, Texas 75068

(972) 377-1885 - Office

[email protected] – E-mail


mailto:[email protected]

Presented to School Based Law Enforcement Conference Corpus Christi, Texas June, 2011 Presented by Sgt. Steve Garst Certified Crime Prevention Specialist.

Documents

s little elm police

specialist slide

delaydeny slide

ds of crime prevention

crime risk

fear of crime

incidence of crime

texas practical cpted