Presented by: KRISTINA YEGORYAN. WHO IS THE TUTOR? QUESTIONS TO PONDER What does the word “TUTOR” mean? When was it first used and how has the history.

TUTOR

TRAINING

Presented by: KRISTINA YEGORYAN

WHO IS THE TUTOR?

QUESTIONS TO PONDER

• What does the word “TUTOR”

mean? When was it first used

and how has the history of

tutoring started?

• How is Tutoring defined for each

of our labs?

• Why do you think tutors should

be certified?

TUTOR AND TUTORING

TUTOR: a teacher who works with one student or a small group of students

First Known Use: 14th century

Rhetoric: developed in Greece 4th century BC as a teachable discourse of persuasion.

Used as a form of speech instructing listeners.

Sophists –teaching art of oratory and virtue of wisdom through paradoxical questions

TO TUTOR- TUTELAGEMiddle English tutour, from Anglo-French & Latin; Anglo-French, from Latin tutor, from tueri = protect

TODAY: to have the guardianship or care of

to teach or guide usually individually in a special subject or for a particular purpose 

Facts to Know!

Only since 19th cent. English was studied in place of traditional Greek & Latin in US Universities, beg. with New York University.

1800s higher education became available for general population.

1901-1st college Joliet Junior College was established to provide programs & credits transferable to University of Chicago.

1960s gov. aid to provide higher education to lower-income / minority groups. FORMAL TUTORING for specific groups!

1st tutoring (of Latin) was provided at Harvard as it opened in 1636.

1st learning assistance center (LAC) opened in Stanford University in 1972 for students with potential to succeed but needing support. In 1973 LAC was services included all.

1st tutor training need- 1990 “Training is needed to ‘ provide tutors with the information, strategies, and resources to help students become independent learner and attain their educational goals”’ (R. Sheets).

1st Formal Tutor TrainingCertification in US –CRLA (College

Reading and Learning Association) since 2001, now also 6 countries outside US.

TUTORING1. PEER-TUTORING: SHARED EXPERIENCE Why Tutoring is important? What to do: How to be a good tutor?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=loLRrxSai18 2. ENCOURAGEMENT : FAILURE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6hz_s2XIAU&list=PL19FAB8C108ADE71A

3. SHINE THE LIGHT ON STUDENTS One-to-one attention Help, mentor, teach, instruct! http://www.ted.com/talks/dave_eggers_makes_his_ted_prize_wish_once_upon_a_school 

• Establish specific, short-term goals that will challenge the students, yet are still viewed as attainable.

Help students lay out a specific learning strategy and have them verbalize their plan. As students proceed through the task, ask students to note their progress and verbalize the next steps. (Schunk and Pajares, 2002)

Compare student performance to the goals set for that student, rather than comparing one student against another or comparing one student to the rest of the class (Bandura (more info) ).

· Model strategies by thinking aloud or by asking students why you did something when you demonstrate a concept (E. Vockell, EducationalPsychology)

• Provide feedback on the dgree to which learners have evaluated their

comprehension correctly, not just on the degree to which they have comprehended correctly (E. Vockell, Educational Psychology)

Strategies for Tutoring

QUESTIONS TO ASK STUDENTS DURING SESSIONS THAT KICK-START THE METACOGNITIVE PROCESS:

1. What new ideas and skills have you mastered? 2. What were the difficult parts of this topic? 3. What did you do to try to overcome these difficulties? 4. Which aspect of the assignment or problems did you enjoy and prefer?

DO’s and Don’tsWhat should tutors do

and what they should

not?

TUTOR TRAINING What NOT to dohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knHOoD8XMcQ

SOCRATIC QUESTIONING

• Monitor – Get students to tell you what they know, taking the topic or problem in small pieces or steps. Have the student teach you the problem or concept up to the point where he or she becomes confused.

• Say-back – Tell the student what you hear him saying, either as a way to show him he is not communicating what he wants to (as in a writing tutorial) or as a way to let him hear his own confusion or mistakes. This is not a judgmental activity, only a report of what you hear him saying.

• Verify understanding so far – Acknowledge that the student has mastered the steps or elements of the problem or topic up to a point. This builds confidence.

• Application of knowledge – Apply what has been learned so far to similar problems or situations. This builds confidence in the student and shows the tutor that the student truly understands what has been learned.

• Model an incorrect answer – Allow the student to correct the tutor and confirm her/his own knowledge. Sometimes this can be done through an analogy or by pushing the piece of knowledge or process to an extreme.

• Strengthen – Prompt the student to give more support or more examples. In the negative form this would be prompting the student to see where support falls short or examples don't represent the concept.

Socratic Method

Clarity: Could you elaborate further? Could you give me an example? Accuracy: How can we determine if that is true? How can we verify your statements? Precision: Could you be more specific? Could you provide more details? Relevance: How does that relate to the issue? How does that align with the question? Depth: What are some of the complexities of this question? What factors need to be considered? Breadth: Do we need to consider another point of view? Do we need to look at this from a different perspective? Logic: Does what you say follow from the evidence? Does all of this make sense? Significance: Is this the central idea? Is this the most important issue to consider

Suggestions for Socratic Questions*

Clarification Questions: What do you mean by ______?

What is your main point?

How does ______ relate to ______?

Could you put that another way?

What do you think is the main issue here?

Would you summarize in your own words what the assignment requires?

Could you give me an example?

Could you explain that further?

Assumption Probes: What are you assuming?

What could we assume instead?

Why have you based your reasoning on ______ rather than ______?

Is it always the case?

Why would someone make this assumption?

Suggestions for Socratic Questions

Reason and Evidence Probes: What would be an example?

How do you know?

Why do you think that is true?

Do you have any evidence for that?

What difference does that make?

What are your reasons for saying that?

What other information do we need?

Could you explain your reasons to us?

Viewpoint Questions: You seem to be approaching this issue from ______ perspective. Why have you

chosen this rather than that perspective?

How would other groups/types of people respond? Why? What would influence them?

How could you answer the objection that ______ would make?

What might someone who believed ______ think?

Can/did anyone see this another way?

GROUP DISCUSSION TOPICS PlagiarismDiscuss and then watch this video and do the quiz:The punishable perils of plagiarism - Melissa Huseman D’Annunzio

http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-punishable-perils-of-plagiarism-melissa-huseman-d-annunzio

LAVC ResourcesDiscuss all the different resources/ student services that LAVC offers that might be very

useful to share with students.

As an example, watch the video about The Writing Center at LAVC:http://www.lavc.edu/writingcenter/index.html

Tutor Etiquette Do the group activity on What to Do When (See the handout and the group activity sheet under PowerPoint/Handout section of the TT Website)

Why Integrate Technology into Tutoring Sessions Watch Did You Know: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMsNct4X_GU

Do individual tutor assignments ( Ted video choices and Polleverywhere quiz)

Viva Tutoring! EDUCATION: What do we learn in college?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRnHlQo6Sx0&list=PL19FAB8C108ADE71A

Math Anxiety

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KDGWMldND1k&list=PL19FAB8C108ADE71A

TEST ANXIETY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2DgB3X2Afg&list=PL19FAB8C108ADE71A

Stress Management Strategies: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fL-pn80s-c

THANK YOU FOR

YOUR ATTENTION