Presented by Dr. Suseno Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries - Indonesia Symposium on Asserting Rights, Defining Responsibilities: Perspectives from.

Presented by Dr. Suseno Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries - Indonesia

Symposium on Asserting Rights, Defining Responsibilities: Perspectives from Small-Scale Fishing Communities

on Coastal and Fisheries Management in AsiaCambodia, 7-8 May 2007

PRO POORPRO POOR

PRO JOBPRO JOB

PRO GROWTHPRO GROWTH

MARINE WATERSMARINE WATERS

• Area = 5,8 million km2• Islands = 17.508 • coastline = 81.000 km

INLAND WATERSINLAND WATERS

54 MillionH : lake, dam, pond, basin/reservoir, river, swamp and other water puddles (The biggest areas are in Kalimantan & Sumatra)

DATA (Biological &

Environmental Aspects)

Stock Assessment

Stock Assessment

Formulation of FR management policies

Formulation of FR management policies

Utilization Planning

Utilization Planning Conservation:

Protection, Rehabilitation

Conservation: Protection,

Rehabilitation

Research & ExplorationResearch & Exploration

MONITORINGMONITORING

Laws and Regulation Building &

Authorization

Laws and Regulation Building &

Authorization

Licensing system

Licensing system

FR Utilization

FR Utilization

SURVEILLANCE

SURVEILLANCE

National Fisheries Statistical

System

National Fisheries Statistical

System

Information on FR

Utilization

Recognizing Rights of Fishing Communities based on MCS Mechanism

Information on Socio- Economic Aspects

One of the Main Purposes: Fisheries Management shall be carried our to enhance the living condition of small-scale fishermen and fish farmers

(Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 8/1985 strengthened by Law No. 31 in 2004 concerning Fisheries)

Community-Based Regime

Government-Centered Regime

Co-management Regime

Sasi Panglima laot Awig-awig etc.

Fisheries Law No 9/1985

Gov’t regulations

HeritageHeritage NEW ORDER 1966NEW ORDER 1966PRESENT STATUSPRESENT STATUS(since Reform Era in 1998)(since Reform Era in 1998)

Autonomy Law No 22/1999 revised by 32/2004

Fisheries Law No 31/2004

ZEE boundary

Territorial boundary (12 mil)

Administrative boundary River basin

Intertidal

4 mil boundary

DistrictProvince

based on National Act No. 32/2004based on National Act No. 32/2004

Central

Picture was taken from Ginting (2004)

According to Ministerial Decree No. 17/2006 According to Ministerial Decree No. 17/2006

Picture was taken from Ginting (2004)

Issued by Boat & Engine Size

District Government

10 GT

Provincial Government

> 10 GT and 30 GT

Central Government> 30 GT

Note : Boat without Engine or with engine 5 GT shall be registered

The right to “explore, exploit and manage” the 4 and 12 miles waters territory

Potential Conflict

THE NEED OF FISHERIES CO-MANAGEMENT

FISHERIES ACT NO 31/2004FISHERIES ACT NO 31/2004

ARTICLE 2

Fisheries management is carried out under the principles of benefits, equality, partnership,

equal distribution, integration, transparency, efficiency and sustainable preservation

The essence of fisheries co-management

ARTICLE 6

(2) Fisheries management for capture fisheries and fish-culture should take into account

adat law (custom) and indigenous knowledge, including community participation

Knowledge-based fisheriesco-management

ARTICLE 65

(1) the delegation of part of fisheries functions from the Government to the Regional Governments and its

withdrawal shall be regulated by Government Regulation and (2) the Government may delegate its

function to the Regional Government to carry out supporting mandates in the field of fisheries.

Delegation of Function/Authority and Supporting Mandates

FORUM FOR COORDINATION OF FRM / FKPPS (Ministerial Decree No 994/1999)

NATIONAL FKKPSOrganizer: DG of Capture FisheriesParticipants: All fisheries Provincial

Services, fising port authority, academics from Universities, Researchers, Fisher

Organization, etc. Budgeting Source: State and Deconcentration Budget

NATIONAL FKKPSOrganizer: DG of Capture FisheriesParticipants: All fisheries Provincial

Services, fising port authority, academics from Universities, Researchers, Fisher

Organization, etc. Budgeting Source: State and Deconcentration Budget

REGIONAL FKKPSOrganizer: Fisheries Provincial

Services ConsecutivelyParticipants: Fisheries District

Services at one regional province Fisher Organization, Universities, etc.

Budgeting Source: Deconcentration Budget

REGIONAL FKKPSOrganizer: Fisheries Provincial

Services ConsecutivelyParticipants: Fisheries District

Services at one regional province Fisher Organization, Universities, etc.

Budgeting Source: Deconcentration Budget

PROVINCIAL FKKPSOrganizer: Fisheries Provincial

Services ConsecutivelyParticipants: Fisheries District

Services from one province, Fisher Organizations, Universities, etc.

Budgeting Source: Deconcentration Budget

PROVINCIAL FKKPSOrganizer: Fisheries Provincial

Services ConsecutivelyParticipants: Fisheries District

Services from one province, Fisher Organizations, Universities, etc.

Budgeting Source: Deconcentration Budget

Regulation for Migrating Fishermen / Nelayan Andon(Ministerial Decree No 13/2004)

Main Content of Article Details

Obligations

Having IUP and SPI (Fishing License); Having ID Card as Migrating Fishermen; Report upon arrival; Report the Catch fish; Comply with local rules/regulations/customary

law in the fishing area where he/she will operate;

Maintain good relationshio with the local fishers.

Rights

To get the services as same as the local fishermen get;

To get guidance and advice from relevant institution in local district/province or distric/province of origin.

Rejection of Migrating Fishermen

The relevant institution in local district/province can reject the presence of migrating fishermen if he/she does not obey/comply with the local rules and regulations ;

Rejection shall be reported to the relavant institution where the migrating fishers come from (distric/province of origin).

DISSEMINATING FISHERIES CO-MANAGEMENTDISSEMINATING FISHERIES CO-MANAGEMENTIN INDONESIAIN INDONESIA

Organizing for thepartnership

Negotiating co-managementplans and agreements

Implementing and revising the plans and agreements (learning-by-doing)

CourseContent

Development(Have been formulated)

Follow-upactivities

RECENT PROGRAMS OF MAINSTREAMINGRECENT PROGRAMS OF MAINSTREAMINGFISHERIES CO-MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA FISHERIES CO-MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA

COFISH PROGRAM (1998 – 2004):COFISH PROGRAM (1998 – 2004):Encourage community involvement in planning and implementation of fisheries resource management; Enhance capacity and life standard of coastal fisheries communities; and enhance capacity of community, NGO as well as fisheries officer in fisheries resource management.

COREMAP PROGRAM (2003– PRESENT)COREMAP PROGRAM (2003– PRESENT)

MPA:MPA: Since 1999 MMAF introduced the concept of Marine Protected Area in Indonesia. Recently, Indonesia has 1.5 million H of MPA managing by stakeholders.

FISH CODE CUSTOM TRAINING COURSE (CTC) PROJECTFISH CODE CUSTOM TRAINING COURSE (CTC) PROJECT (16 – 28 May 2007):(16 – 28 May 2007):Prepared and trained 54 potential trainers, which will subsequently practice to develop the fisheries co-management system in their fisheries district areas.

FUTURE CO-MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FUTURE CO-MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS WILL BE UNDERTAKEN IN INDONESIA WILL BE UNDERTAKEN IN INDONESIA

PLANNING FOR MAINSTREAMING CO-PLANNING FOR MAINSTREAMING CO-MANAGEMENT REGIME IN INDONESIAMANAGEMENT REGIME IN INDONESIA

- National Workshop on FCM in 2008;

- Local Workshops and Trainings on FCM in 2008 onwards;

- Institutional Building & Development of Co-management.

WE WELCOME ANY POSSIBLE WE WELCOME ANY POSSIBLE COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS WITH ICSF COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS WITH ICSF AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONSAND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS

Thank You…

Notes:

1. Mallacca Strait2. South China Sea

3. Java Sea4. Makasar Straits

& Flores Sea5. Banda Sea

6. Arafura Sea 7. Tomini &Seram

Seas8. Sulawesi & Pacific

Ocean9. Indian Ocean

9 FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AREAS

FMPFMP

FMP

FMP

FMP

FMP

FMP

FMP

FMP

Distribution

UN-EVEN DISTRIBUTION

III

IXIII

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

Notes :

= Uncertain

= Fully Exploited

Big Pelagic (tuna)

Small Pelagic

Demersal

Shrimp/Penaeid

Big Pelagic

Small Pelagic

Demersal

Shrimp/Penaeid

Big Pelagic

Small Pelagic

Demersal

Shrimp/Penaeid

Big Pelagic

Small Pelagic

Demersal

Shrimp/Penaeid

Big Pelagic

Small Pelagic

Demersal

Shrimp/Penaeid

Big Pelagic

Small Pelagic

Demersal

Shrimp/Penaeid

= Over Fishing

Big pelagic

Small Pelagic

Demersal

Shrimp/Penaeid

Big Pelagic

Small Pelagic

Demersal

Shrimp/Penaeid

= Moderate

Big Pelagic

Small Pelagic

Demersal

Shrimp/Penaeid

Demersal

Big Pelagic (tuna)

Small Pelagic

Demersal

Shrimp/Penaeid

= Not available Back

EXISTING SOCIO-ECONOMIC & FISHERIES RESOURCE INFORMATION

FISHING FLEETS STRUCTURE(Capture Fisheries Statistics, 2005) 49,7%15,7%

34,7%

Full Time Fishermen

Part Time Fishers (Major)

Part Time Fishers (Minor)

COMPOSITION OF FISHERS(Capture Fisheries Statistics, 2005)

Armada

(99,04%)

BoatWithout Engine

(45,5%)

PerahuOutside Engine

(30,8%)

(23,6%)

Small-ScaleFishing Fleets (< 30GT)

(99,04%)

Large-ScaleFishing Fleets (> 30GT)

(45,5%)

Boat with

(30,8%)

Fishing Boat <30GT(23,6%)

(0,96%)

Back

Back

Awig-Awig

Panglima Laot in Aceh

APPROACH USED BY COFISH PROGRAM

District Fisheries Management Advisory Committee (DFMAC)

District Fisheries Management Advisory Committee (DFMAC)

Fisher Community

Groups/Local Fisheries

Committee (KPL)/Fishing Gear Groups

(KAT

Fisher Community

Groups/Local Fisheries

Committee (KPL)/Fishing Gear Groups

(KAT

StakeholderStakeholder

Local Community

Local Community

District Fisheries Services (Dinas

Perikanan)

District Fisheries Services (Dinas

Perikanan)

Local Government(PEMDA)

Local Government(PEMDA)

DG of Capture Fisheries

DG of Capture Fisheries

Develop coastal fishery management plan

Propose regulations

Issuing regulations

Issuing National Fishery Policies

Select representatives

Establish specific groups

community

Determine Stakeholders

Flowchart of the development of management plan & regulation on fisheries resource management based on active-participatory community

Mataram 16-21 April 2006 (First Phase) & 23-28 April 2006 (Second Phase)

Participants at opening Ceremony, 16 April 2007. Training Course was opened by DG of Participants at opening Ceremony, 16 April 2007. Training Course was opened by DG of Capture FisheriesCapture Fisheries

Advantages of Co-ManagementAdvantages of

Co-Management

More Transparent

More Transparent

More Democratic

More Democratic

More Economical in the Future

More Economical in the Future

More Participatory

More Participatory

Able to adapt the Local Knowledge

Able to adapt the Local Knowledge

Disadvantages of Co-Management

Disadvantages of Co-Management

May not be suitable for all Fishing Communities

May not be suitable for all Fishing Communities

In the Short Tem, a Large Investment is needed

In the Short Tem, a Large Investment is needed

Changes in FM strategy can be high risk for some of the

fisheries stakeholders

Changes in FM strategy can be high risk for some of the

fisheries stakeholders

Difficult to share the responsibility between the

Government and The People

Difficult to share the responsibility between the

Government and The People

Poor leadership & organization may reduce its effectiveness

Poor leadership & organization may reduce its effectiveness

Co-management(varying degrees)