Presented By: ARUN KUMAR N.K 1OX11EPE01. In this Presentation, a new Active Power Filter (APF) control scheme has proposed to improve the performance.

Presented By:ARUN KUMAR N.K1OX11EPE01

In this Presentation, a new Active Power Filter (APF) control scheme has proposed to

improve the performance of the APF. This presentation presents a new technique with

instantaneous power theory (P-Q theory) in order to control of APF under non- ideal mains

voltage conditions. Performance of the proposed scheme has been found feasible and

excellent to that of the instantaneous reactive power algorithms under various non-ideal

mains test scenarios. MATLAB/SIMULINK power system toolbox is used to simulate the

proposed system. The proposed method’s performance is compared with conventional

instantaneous power (P-Q) theory. The simulation results are presented and discussed

showing the effectiveness of the control algorithm.

INTRODUCTION

POWER QUALTITY IN POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

SOLUTIONS TO POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS

BASIC PRINCIPLE OF ACTIVE POWER FILTERS

TYPES OF THE ACTIVE POWER FILTERS

INSTANTANEOUS POWER THEORY

THE PROPOSED METHOD

• SHUNT ACITVE POWER FILTER

• 3-PHASE 4-WIRE SHUNT ACIVE POWER FILTER WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY INTERFACE 

SIMULATION RESULTS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCE

In a modern power system, increasing of loads and non-linear equipment's have

been demanding the compensation of the disturbances caused for them.

These nonlinear loads may cause poor power factor and high degree of harmonics.

Active Power Filter (APF) can solve problems of harmonic and reactive power

simultaneously.

APF have the ability to adjust the amplitude of the synthesized ac voltage of the

inverters by means of pulse width modulation or by control of the dc-link voltage,

thus drawing either leading or lagging reactive power from the supply.

Shunt APF’s allow the compensation of current harmonics and unbalance, together

with power factor correction

Power Quality can be defined as the physical physical characteristics of the electrical supply

provided under normal operating conditions that do not disturb the customers process.

Power Quality problem exists due to change in voltage, current or frequency deviation results

in a failure or in a bad operation of the equipment.

Power Quality problems are due to

Natural Phenomena

Switching Phenomena

Connection of high power non linear loads

Voltage Sags

There are two approaches to the mitigation of power quality problems. Load Conditioning Line Conditioning

A flexible and versatile solution to voltage quality problems is offered by Active Power

Filters.

Shunt active power filters operate as a controllable current source

series active power filters operates as a controllable voltage sourceActive Filter Connection

Load on AC Supply AC Supply On Load

Shunt •Current Harmonic Filtering.•Reactive current compensation.•Current unbalance.•Voltage Flicker

Series •Current Harmonic Filtering.•Reactive current compensation.•Current unbalance.•Voltage Flicker•Voltage Unbalance

•Voltage Sag/Swell.•Voltage Unbalance.•Voltage Distortion.•Voltage Interruption.•Voltage Flicker and notching.

3phase uncontrolled diode bridge rectifier with resistive loading

Using the switching mode power converter to perform the harmonic current elimination.

The power converter is controlled to generate a compensation current, which is equal but

opposite the harmonic and reactive currents generated from the nonlinear load.

A voltage source inverter having IGBT switches and an energy storage capacitor on DC

bus is implemented as a shunt APF.

Fig. Block Diagram of APF

1. Shunt Active Power Filters:

It compensate current harmonics by injecting equal-

but-opposite harmonic compensating current.

It operates as a current source injecting the harmonic

components generated by the load but phase shifted

by 180deg.

Fig. Compensation characteristics of a shunt active power filter

2. Series Active Power Filters:

Fig. Series active power filter topology

It compensate current system distortion caused by non-linear loads.

The high impedance imposed by the series APF is created by generating a voltage of the same

frequency that the current harmonic component that needs to be eliminated.

Voltage unbalance is corrected by compensating the fundamental frequency negative and zero

sequence voltage components of the system.

3. Hybrid Active Power Filters:

Fig. Hybrid Active power filter

By controlling the amplitude of the voltage fundamental component across the coupling

transformer, the PF of the power distribution system can be adjusted.

The control of the load power factor imposed a higher voltage across the filter capacitor.

This type of configuration is very convenient for compensation of high power medium voltage

non linear loads

In three-phase circuits, instantaneous currents and voltages are converted to

instantaneous space vectors.

Three-phase currents and voltages are calculated as following equations

In three-phase conventional instantaneous power is calculated as follows:

P=eα.iα +eβ.iβIn fact, active power (p) is equal to following equation:

P=ea.ia +eb.ib +ec.ic

α and β are orthogonal coordinates.

Instantaneous real and imaginer powers are calculated as equation

The above equation can be written as

From above instantaneous compensating current as α and β Co ordinates are given below

It must be used when the voltages are distorted or unbalanced and sinusoidal currents

are desired.

In proposed method, instantaneous voltages are firs tconverted to α-β coordinates and

then to stationary d-q coordinates.

The produced d-q components of voltages are filtered and reverse converted α-β

coordinates.

These filtered α-β components of voltages are used in conventional instantaneous

power theory.

A new APF control scheme has been proposed to improve the performance of

APF under non-ideal mains voltage scenarios. Experimental results in a scaled-down

laboratory prototype will be done and reported in future paper. APF, based on the

proposed theory, give satisfactory operation even when the system phase voltages are

unsymmetrical and distorted, because no distortion appears in the line currents. The

APF is found effective to meet IEEE 519 standard recommendations on harmonics

levels in all of the non-ideal voltage conditions. The switching frequency and also

switching losses are reduced %23 in proposed method

Engin Özdemir, Member, IEEE, Murat Kale, Sule Özdemir., “Active Power Filter for Power Compensation Under Non-Ideal Mains Voltages”

Luis A. Morán, Juan W. Dixon.,- “Using active power filters to improve power quality”

Akagi,H., Kanazawa,Y., and Nabae,A., “Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, Vol.20, pp. 625- 630, 1984.

Singh, B., Haddad K., Chandra, A., “A New Control Approach to Three- Phase Active Filter for Harmonics and Reactive Power Compensation, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol.13, No.1, pp. 133-138, 1998.