Presentations of nemathelminthes

Phylum Nematoda

• Parasites• Don’t eat

raw meat• Heavy

infestation can cause anemia, retardation

• Anal itching

one of two ciliated lobes at head

cluster of nerve cells

gastric gland

protonephridium

cloaca

gland that secretes cementing substance for “toe”

mouth

modified pharynx

stomach

intestine

anus

one of two “toes”

Body Plan of a Rotifer

caracteristic12,000 species

500,000 possibleCylindrical bodyOnly longitudinal musclesNoncellular cuticle with several layersPseudocoelomateMouth and anus

Found everywhereSoilOceansPolar iceHot springs

Parasites of nearly all plant and animal species!

caracteristic1. Bilateral, triploblastic, unsegmented worms2. Acoelomate; body cavity is hemocoel3. Presence of cuticle that is molted4. Body round and under high pressure due to compressed

state of muscles and inelastic cuticle5. Aquatic or found in a thin film of water; gas exchange by

diffusion6. Digestive system (complete): Mouth, muscular pharynx,

intestine, anus7. Nervous system: Brain with dorsal and ventral nerve cords;

cytoplasmic extensions from muscles to nerves8. Presence of cephalic sense organs called amphids9. Presence of dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles; move

by alternative contraction and relaxation of muscles (Circular muscles not required due to HP)

10. Dioecious with separate sexes; internal fertilization

Ciri umum

Bentuk tubuh bulat spt benang

Tidak beruas-ruas

Saluran pencernaan sempurna krn memiliki mulut dan anus

Ada yang mikroskopis dan ada yang makroskopis

Bersifat gonokoris, betina lebih besar dari pada jantan

Ada yang parasit ada yang hidup bebas

Dibedakan menjadi 2 kelas :

1. Kelas Nematoda

Contoh : 1. Ascaris lumbricoides

2. Wuchereria brancrofti

3. Enterobius vermicularis

5. Ancylostoma duodenale

2. Kelas Nematomorpha

Contoh : 1. Gordius sp

2. Nectonema

Sistim reproduksi

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Ascaris lumbricoides

• Roundworm of man• 1.2 billion people

– Many in southeast US

• Females lay 200,000 eggs a day

• Unsanitary habits contaminate ground

• Night soil

10Source: Redrawn From Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.

Life Cycle of Ascaris Lumbricoides

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Enterobius vermicularis

• Pin worm• 50% of children in US• Spread

– Fecal oral route– airborne

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Life Cycle of Enterobius Vermicularis

Source: Redrawn From Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.

Enterobius vermicularis (cacing kremi)

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Hookworms

• Anterior end hooks• Necator americanus• Ancylostoma duodenale• Feed on blood• Cause anemia

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Life Cycle of Necator Americanus

Source: Redrawn From Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.

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Ancylostoma caninum

Ancylostoma duodenale (cacing tambang)

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Cutaneous Larval Migrans

• Hookworms from dogs and cats

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Trichinella spiralis

• Trichina worm• Pigs, bear, dogs, cats,

rats and man• Trichinosis

– Encysts in muscles

22Source: (a) Redrawn From Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA. (b) Photo © Steve Miller

Life Cycle of Trichinella Spiralis

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Wuchereria bancrofti

• Lives in lymphatic system

• Obstruct lymph to cause swelling– Elephantiasis

Life Cycle of Wucheria spp.

• Dog Heart worms• elephantiasis worm• Pin worms

•

Video: round worm in caecum of 55 yr. old man

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Loa loa

• Eye worm

Loa-loa (cacing mata)

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Dracunculus medinesis

• Fiery serpent

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Dirofilaria immitis

• Dog heart worm