Presentation2

SWAMI VIVEKANANDA

• He is the spiritual leader of INDIA forever.

• He had written many books about humanism, devotion, etc.

• The following presentation is all about our research on other spiritual leaders not only in India .

• We left INDIA & found on other country leaders.

TURKEY

INTRODUCTION

• Turkey has a secular constitution, with no official state religion .

• The strong tradition of secularism in Turkey is essentially similar to the French model of laïcité.

• The constitution recognizes the freedom of religion for individuals, whereas the religious communities are placed under the protection and jurisdiction of the state and can't become involved in the political process (e.g. by forming a religious party) or establish faith-based schools.

RELIGION

• No political party can claim that it represents a form of religious belief; nevertheless, religious sensibilities are generally represented through conservative parties.

• Turkey prohibits by law the wearing of religious headcover and theo-political symbolic garments for both genders in government buildings, schools, and universities;[20] the law was upheld by the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights as "legitimate" in the Leyla Şahin v. Turkey case on November 10, 2005.

RELIGION

• Beginning in the 1980s, the role of religion in the state has been a divisive issue, as influential factions challenged the complete secularization called for by Kemalism and the observance of Islamic practices experienced a substantial revival.

RELIGION

• Beginning in the 1980s, the role of religion in the state has been a divisive issue, as influential factions challenged the complete secularization called for by Kemalism and the observance of Islamic practices experienced a substantial revival.

RELIGIONS

• Reforms going in the direction of secularism have been completed under Atatürk (abolition of the Caliphate, etc..).

• However, Turkey is not strictly a secular state:

• there is no separation between religion and State

• there is a tutelage of religion by the state.

RELIGION

• However, Turkey is not strictly a secular state:• there is no separation between religion and

State• there is a tutelage of religion by the state• However, each is free of his religious beliefs.• Religion is mentioned on the identity documents

and there is an administration called "Presidency of Religious Affairs" or Diyanet[22] which exploits Islam to legitimize sometimes State and manages 77,500 mosques.

RELIGION

• This state agency, established by Ataturk (1924), finance only Sunni Muslim worship. Other religions must ensure a financially self-sustaining running and they face administrative obstacles during operation.

• When harvesting tax, all Turkish citizens are equal.

RELIGION

• When harvesting tax, all Turkish citizens are equal.

• The tax rate is not based on religion.

• However, through the "Presidency of Religious Affairs" or Diyanet, Turkish citizens are not equal in the use of revenue.

RELIGIONS

• The Presidency of Religious Affairs, which has a budget over U.S. $ 2.5 billion in 2012, finance only Sunni Muslim worship.

• This situation presents a theological problem, insofar as the religion of Prophet Muhammad stipulates, through the notion of haram (Qur'an, Surah 6, verse 152), that we must "give full measure and full weight in all justice”.

RELIGION

• This situation presents a theological problem, insofar as the religion of Prophet Muhammad stipulates, through the notion of haram (Qur'an, Surah 6, verse 152), that we must "give full measure and full weight in all justice”.

• The worship practices by the people in Turkey are in the following slide:

RELIGIONSFrequency of worship

Regularly Sometime Never

Performing ritualprayer

43.9% 41.7% 14.4%

Fasting 82.5% 12.1% 5.4%

Going to Friday prayer

56.1% 25.0% 18.9%

Going tomosque 24.4% 51.1% 24.5%

Praying 75.2% 22.5% 2.3%

Reading the Quran

26.3% 31.2% 42.5%

According to a 2003 study by Çarkoglu, Ergüder, and Kalaycıoğlu:

The following table shows the information :

Belief in Believes No Beliefs No Response

God 98.0% 1.7% 0.3%

Sin 97.0% 2.8% 0.2

Heaven & Hell

96.2% 3.4 0.4

Existence of spirit

95.5% 3.9 % 0.6 %

Afterlife 93.2 % 6.3 % 0.5 %

Existence of Devils

92.1 % 7.5 % 0.4 %

SPIRITUAL LEADERS

• AGLAR BABA

• YUSUF ÇETIN

AGLER BABA

• Aglar Baba (1880–1958) was a grandson of Irsadi Baba, who was one of the prominent mystics of his time in North Eastern Anatolia

• Aglar Baba's original name was Irsadi, but he used Aglar Baba as an appellation. Unlike his grandfather, he studied at Madrassas and learned Arabic as well as several other traditional Islamic Sciences. He finished his grandfather's "Stories of Prophets" (Kissas-ul Embiya). However he lost the only manuscript of the book during the World War

• He became the Master of his grandfather's Sufi Order after the War and held the position until his death. He received many visitors from the neighboring cities like Gumushane and Erzincan

• He taught his pupils the Sufi way of abstaining from the evil of worldliness. The themes of his poems shows many similarities with other Anatolian mystics like Yunus Emre.

• His poems were published by his son Ahmet Battal under the title of "Mystical Poems of Aglar Baba" (Ebyat-i Aglar Baba).

• Aglar Baba had 4 sons, Necati Battal, Ahmet Battal (Ahmet Baba), Selim Battal and Halil Baba Battal.

Yusuf Çetin

• Mor Filiksinos Yusuf Çetin (born 20 August 1954) is a Turkish Christian religious

leader who has been serving since 1986 as the Patriarchal Vicar of the Syriac Orthodox

Church in Istanbul and Ankara.• A native of Turkey's Dargeçit district, known to

its Assyrian/Syriac native population as Kerburan, parts of which are located in southeastern Anatolia's Mardin Province, Yusuf Çetin expressed interest in Syriac Church doctrine at an early age.

• In the course of completing his secondary education, he also learned the Syriac language and subsequently attended his home province's Mor Gabriel Monastery, Syriac Orthodoxy's oldest surviving monastic institution.

• Having demonstrated exceptional acuity for learning and spiritual instruction, he was ordained a priest in 1971, at the unusually early age of 17, and shortly thereafter was entrusted with instructing theology to the next generation of devout youth.

• In the course of completing his secondary education, he also learned the Syriac language and subsequently attended his home province's Mor Gabriel Monastery, Syriac Orthodoxy's oldest surviving monastic institution.

• Having demonstrated exceptional acuity for learning and spiritual instruction, he was ordained a priest in 1971, at the unusually early age of 17, and shortly thereafter was entrusted with instructing theology to the next generation of devout youth.

• By 1977 he was consecrated with the title of "spiritual" and received an invitation from Patriarch Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas to come to Syria, thus enabling his attendance at Damascus' St. Mor Efrem School of Theology. Receiving a diploma in the aftermath of three years' intensive study, he ultimately received appointment as dean of the school.

• On 28 September 1986, upon the request of Istanbul's community of Syriac faithful, Mor Filiksinos Yusuf Çetin was elevated by the Patriarch to the rank of Metropolitan bishop and assigned to the Diocese of İstanbul and Ankara as the Patriarchal Vicar.

• Twenty years into his service, on 30 November 2006, he held talks with Pope Benedict XVI as the pontiff initiated his 2006 papal journey to Turkey.

SPIRITUAL LEADERS

• Enoch Adeboye• Philip Hunsu Ajose• Alexander Abiodun Adebayo • BadaDavid W. Eka• Benson Idahosa• Gilbert Oluwatosin Jesse• Paul Suru Maforikan• Guru Maharaj Ji (Nigeria)• Anthony Obinna• Chris Ojigbani• Helen Ukpabio

BadaDavid W. Eka

• David William Eka (born 20 May 1945) was the first stake president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in West Africa. He was president of the Aba, Nigeria Stake and is often regarded as one of the founding pioneer members of the church in Nigeria.

• Eka has also served as an area seventy and as a mission president in the LDS Church.

• Eka was born in Etinan, Nigeria. During the Biafran War, he committed to God that if he survived the war he would devote his life to serving others.

• He was first introduced to the LDS Church by his uncle in the early 1970s.

• He did not join the church then or when he went to England just after marrying Ekaete David in 1974. He often met LDS missionaries in England but did not then join the church.

• Eka got his bachelor's degree in electronics engineering from Teesside Polytechnic

• After returning to Nigeria, Eka joined the LDS Church in September 1979, less than a year after the first LDS baptisms in Nigeria.

• Shortly after his baptism, he helped translate the Book of Mormon into Efik.

• Eka worked for AGIP Oil Company which he retired from as head of production support.

• Eka served as a branch president, conselor to a mission president, district president, and in 1988 became president of the newly organized Aba Nigeria Stake.

• In 1990, Eka became a Regional Representative of the Twelve Apostles. From 1997 to 2001 he served as an Area Authority Seventy.

• From 2001 to 2004 he served as president of the Nigeria Lagos Mission of the church. After the dedication of the Aba Nigeria Temple, Eka became a sealer in that temple. In April 2007, Eka was again called as an area seventy in the church.

• Eka and his wife Ekaete are the parents of seven children.

SPIRITUAL LEADER

• Spiritual Leader of the Nation (Spanish: Líder Espiritual de la Nación, also referred to as Spiritual Chief of the Nation, Jefa Espiritual de la Nación, and Spiritual Chief of the State, Jefa Espiritual del Estado) was a position created by the Argentine Congress in the early 1950s and only ever held by Eva Perón, wife of Juan Domingo Perón. Eva Perón was elected Spiritual Leader/Chief of the Nation on May 7, 1952 and died on July 26 of that year. T

• he title of Spiritual Chief or Leader of the Nation would never again be bestowed on any Argentine, preserved in history as a special position for Eva.

• The First Lady, Eva Perón was the wife, top adviser, and political partner of President of the Argentine Nation Juan Perón.

• Her power was such that she was referred to as "La Presidenta", Spanish for "The (female) President" and in the Casa Rosada museum where almost every president's statue stands alone, a statue of Evita stands with her husband, the same as any President. It is widely speculated by historians[according to whom?] that she would have (officially) become the first female President in Argentina had it not been for her early death.

• Evita held many de facto posts in government. Evita never held a cabinet position, though she was the de facto head of many ministries. Most notably, she was the de facto Secretary of Labour and Minister for Education. She was also the de facto head of the General Confederation of Labour..

• She was officially the president of the large and powerful state-controlled institute of social welfare which she founded and ran, the Eva Perón Foundation, as well as the official president of the Female Peronist Party.

• The Justicialist Party also recognized Eva as its national head, a position she shared equally with Juan.

• Over the years she had been given many unofficial titles in addition to "La Presidenta", such as the Lady of Hope, First Samaritan, Lady of the Descamisados, the Rainbow of Argentina, and Santa (Saint) Evita.

• As the wife of the President, Eva, of course, held the title of First Lady

• In 1951 the Peronist Party nominated Evita to run for the office of Vice President and Senate President of the Argentine Nation, however many issues such as military opposition, Perón's personal fear of political opposition to his wife, and, above all, Eva's illness, contributed to Eva withdrawing her candidacy.

• Should it not have been for her uterine cancer, it seems likely she would have fought the opposing forces whose political powers were considerably weaker than hers, but by the 17 October Eva's condition would so deteriorate, that she would not be able to stand without assistance from Perón. She would never hold national elective political office.

• Denied the Vice Presidency and swiftly heading towards the end of her life the nation went into a frenzy as Congress hurried to force every honor they could onto the First Lady.

• Vigils were constantly held, 508 hospitals were ordered by the Minister of Health to hold prayers for her recovery, her autobiography La Razon de mi Vida was ordered to be used as a textbook in all schools, and members of Congress constantly held tributes for their ailing leader. On May 7, 1952 Eva was elected Spiritual Leader/Chief of the Nation by the Peronista majority.

• On June 4 Juan Perón was re-inaugurated for a second term as President. On this day, had it not been for the illness that had reduced her to a mere 81 pounds (37 kg) and forced her to wear a plaster and wire frame to be able to stand, Eva would likely have been inaugurated as Latin America's first woman Vice President. Instead, she attended in her role as Argentina's Spiritual Chief and took the ceremonial place of the Vice President, occupying his official seat next to the President and taking on his ceremonial duties.

• The Peróns' Vice President, Dr. Juan Hortensio Quijano, was in worse health than Evita by the time she begged him to join the ticket (following her withdrawal) and he accepted only reluctantly. He died in early April 1952 and was not replaced by anyone by inauguration time, thus Evita took his place. The inauguration was Maria Eva's last public appearance.

• After she returned home, she would not leave the palace alive again. She died on July 26 of that year, triggering tremendous mourning.

• The title of Spiritual Chief or Leader of the Nation would never again be bestowed on any Argentine, preserved in history as a special position for Evita.