1/1/2016 1 Neurons Chapter 11 The Nervous System The Nervous System The nervous system is responsible for all of our behaviors, memories, & movements The nervous system… • Cooperates with endocrine system • Senses environment • Responds to changes in environment • Maintains homeostasis Functions of the Nervous System 1. Sensory input – Information gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes 2. Integration – Interpretation of sensory input 3. Motor output – Activation of effector organs (muscles and glands) produces a response Works through rapid and specific electrical and chemical signals to produce immediate responses Sensory input Motor output Integration Organization • Central Nervous System – Brain – Spinal Cord Organization • Peripheral Nervous System – Afferent (sensory) – Efferent (motor) • Somatic • Autonomic – Sympathetic – Parasympathetic
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1/1/2016
1
Neurons
Chapter 11
The Nervous System
The Nervous System
The nervous system is responsible for all of our behaviors, memories, & movements
The nervous system…
• Cooperates with endocrine system
• Senses environment
• Responds to changes in environment
• Maintains homeostasis
Functions of the Nervous System
1. Sensory input
– Information gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes
2. Integration
– Interpretation of sensory input
3. Motor output
– Activation of effector organs (muscles and glands) produces a response
Works through rapid and specific
electrical and chemical signals
to produce immediate responses
Sensory input
Motor output
Integration
Organization
• Central Nervous System
– Brain
– Spinal Cord
Organization
• Peripheral Nervous System
– Afferent (sensory)
– Efferent (motor)
• Somatic
• Autonomic
– Sympathetic
– Parasympathetic
1/1/2016
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Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 7
Major Structures of the Nervous System
Central nervous system (CNS)
Brain and spinal cord
Integrative and control centers
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Communication lines between the
CNS and the rest of the body
Parasympathetic
division
Conserves energy
Promotes house-
keeping functions
during rest
Motor (efferent) division
Motor nerve fibers
Conducts impulses from the CNS
to effectors (muscles and glands)
Sensory (afferent) division
Somatic and visceral sensory
nerve fibersConducts impulses from
receptors to the CNS
Somatic nervous
system
Somatic motor
(voluntary)Conducts impulses
from the CNS to
skeletal muscles
Sympathetic division
Mobilizes body
systems during activity
Autonomic nervous
system (ANS)
Visceral motor
(involuntary)Conducts impulses
from the CNS to
cardiac muscles,
smooth muscles,
and glands
Structure
Function
Sensory (afferent)
division of PNS
Motor (efferent)
division of PNS
Somatic sensory
fiber
Visceral sensory fiber
Motor fiber of somatic nervous system
Skin
StomachSkeletal
muscle
Heart
BladderParasympathetic motor fiber of ANS
Sympathetic motor fiber of ANS
Histology of Nervous Tissue
• Two principal cell types1. Neurons
• Excitable cells that transmit electrical signals