Presentation1 kalisindh jhalawar

KALISINDH SUPER THERMAL POWER PLANT

NAME: MAHENDRA KUMAR MEENA

ROLL NO: 11/CHE/09

DURATION: 4 WEEKS

DEPARTMENT CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

JHALAWAR (RAJASTHAN

Practical Training Seminar A

National iNstitute of Technology Durgapur

Kalisindh super thermal power project,rajasthan, rajya vidyut utpadan nigam ltd.(a gov. of rajasthan undertaking) is situated on 2km away from the ega Highway between jhalaraptan (Rajasthan) near village Undal.It is 12km from jhalawar town (District Head Quarter) And approx. 95 kms from KOTA(divisional Head Quarter) RajasthanThe project is under construction for 1200 MW In it’s stage -1 having 2 units each of 600MW (Sub cricital units) and likely to be commence the construction work in the year 2014Kalisindh super thermal power project located near the kalisindh river. Thermal powe station requires large quantity of water for formation of steam tubes.It also requires water for cooling tower and for cooling of different accessories for generation of steam fuel (coal) require it should be available form mines to power plant through rail/ship/road transportation. The near by station jhalawar city is only 8km from the power plant transmission line the 400/200 kv GSS is near the power plant.Huge land also available in the near area for ash disposal. These all factors make favour for site selection for power plant at jhalawar city at present Ka.T.P.P. having 2 nos units for generation of 1200MW as underStage1 2*600MW Date of C.O.D. for unit

INTRODUCTION OF KALISINDH THERMAL POWER PLANT

Stage2 2*660MW Proposed

The design of steam power station requires wide experience as the subsequent

operation and maintainance are greatly affected by it’s design. The most

efficient design consist of properaly sized component designed to operate

safely and conveniently along with it’s auxiliaries and installationPROJECT SITE : Village-Undel, Motipura, Nimoda, Singhania & Deveri of Tehsil

Jhalarapatan, Distt. Jhalawar

PROJECT LOCATION : The project site is about 12 km from NH-12, 2km from state highway

and 8 km from proposed Ramganj Mandi - Bhopal broad gauge rail line.

LAND AREA: 2230 Bigha/564 Hq. (1400 bigha/350 Hq. in I stage)

WATER SOURCE AND QUANTITY: : Dam on kalisindh river 3400 CuM/ Hrs.

FUEL SOURCE : Main Fuel- Coal from captive coal blocks (Paras east and kanta Basin in

Chhatisgarh state) STACK HEIGHT: 275 Mtr

ESTIMATED REVISED COST : Rs.7723 Crores

WATER: The purest available from water vapour in atmosphere as rain ,show or produced by

melting or ice.

This H2O reaching ground different type of gases from atmosphere like N2, and lesser

extent carbon dioxide.

Apart this H2o travels to various place and catches various organic matter suspended solid

(macro size sand, rite, slit etc.).

Colloidal micro size particles (0-100nm).

Dissolved forms alkaline salts, neutral salts and organic matter

Alkaline salts are mainly bicarbonates rarely carbonates and hydrates of Ca, Mg and Na

Neutral salts are sulphate chlorides, Nitrates of Ca, Mg and Na

WATER CONDITIONING IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS FOR PROCESS

AND BOILER USE:

• H2O TREATMENT:

The purpose of H2O treatment programme is to provide real exchanger surface that are sufficiently intact and free of deposits, so that designed specification are met at KSTPS. Suspended and soluble H2O impurities are removed with the help of PAC( Poly Aluminium Chloride) while treatment of organic impurities are removed with the help of raw H2O and circulating cooling H2O is being carried out with the help of liquid chlorine

Pre-treatment of raw H2OFilter H2O for softening and DM PlantDM H2O for Boiler

NECESSITY OF WATER TREATMENT:To avoid formationTo avoid corrosionTo control microbiological growth

CLARIFICATION Remove all types of solid and large particle sediments oil, natural

organic matter, color etc.

Consist of four steps:

Coagulation-Flocculation Screening Sedimentation Filtration

• Medium screening ( Spacing 10 – 40 mm)• Coarse screening ( Spacing > 40 mm)• Coagulation – Flocculation removes suspended solids and colloidal

particles • Screening protect downstream units form, easily separable objects

ION EXCHANGE:Resins-acidic/basic radicals with ions fixed on them, exchanged

with ions present in H2O.

Theoretically removes 100% of salts, organics, viruses or

bacteria.

2 types of resins-

Gel type (micro porous) micro porous or loosely cross-linked type

3 system of resign beds

.

Strong acid cation + strong base anion.

Strong acid cation + weak base anion + strong base anion.

Mixed bed Deionization

Ion exchange plant softens, removes heavy metals, and produces demineralised H2O

•Water cooling:Water cooling is a method of heat removal from components and industrial equipment. As opposed to air cooling, water is used as the heat conductor. Water cooling is commonly used for cooling automobile internal combustion engines and large industrial facilities such as steam electric power plants, hydroelectric generators, petroleum refineries and chemical plants. Other uses include cooling the barrels of machine guns, cooling of lubricant oil in pumps; for cooling purposes in heat exchangers; cooling products from tanks or columns, and recently, cooling of various major components inside high-end personal computers. The main mechanism for water cooling is convective heat transferCooling water is the water removing heat from a machine or system. Cooling water may be recycled through a recirculating system or used in a single pass once-through cooling (OTC) system.

Corrsion,scale deposition and fouling is major problem encountered in cooling water system.The objective of cooling water treatment on (1) prevention of scale deposition on heat exchanger surface (2) prevention of organic growth and slimes on heat exchanger surface (3) revention of mud deposition on heat exchanger surface(4) control of organic in take culvert(5)minimizing corrosion through out the cooling water system

Water is inexpensive and non-toxic. The advantages of using water cooling over air cooling include water's higher specific heat capacity, density, and thermal conductivity. This allows water to transmit heat over greater distances with much less volumetric flow and reduced temperature difference

TYPES OF COOLING SYSTEM:1.Once through systemOnce through system is used where the water will not be re-circulated. Water is cooled down to fill a batch or spray over a product. Although most applications require the water to be re-circulated but in some cases the water is used to clean a vegetable then discarded because you don't want to re-circulated the dirty water on the clean vegetables. Typically food processers use once through cooling. Each system is different processes range from 35F-70F water

(2)CLOSED RECIRCULATING SYSTEM: Coolling water in closed recirculting system is completely within the system pipes and heat exchanger.the heat absorbed from the plant process in generally dissipiated by air cooling.Loss from the system is very less and little make up is required,Hence concentration of salt in the water is very less.As such in closed recirculating system deposition scale formation is not a problems,Major problem may be corrosion which can be easily controlled by use of suitable inhibitor.

OPEN RECIRCULATING SYSTEMThe open recirculating system is often used in large thermal power station.The problem of deposit formation corrosion and microbiological organism in other two system occur here in greater dgress due to following process-(1)Higher H2O temp. enhance corrosion and deposit formation.(2)Cooling tower is a huge scrubber introducing microorganism dust dirt, in circulating water which increase fouling and corrosion.(3)Make water brings more scale forming and corrosion forming salts.(4)Water is exposed to air allowing continued presence of oxygen which is responsible for corrosion.

WATER LOSSES IN RECIRCULATION: (1) EVAPORATING LOSS:E is approx. 1% of the water circulated per 10 F drop temperature.When H2O evaporates

(2)WINDAGE LOSS(W):Small droplets of H2O carried away by wind since it carried salts along with it windage loss actually have dilution effect in salt concentration of cooling water.

(3)BLEED OFF:Bleed off (B) necessary to control maximum solid in cooling water. Bleed off also gives dilution effect

D.M.PLANT:

Dissolved solids present in water is removed in DM Plant by ION exchange

process and for this ION exchange Resins are used.

ION EXCHANGE RESINS:

ION Exchange Resins are synthetic organic polymers. Most commonly used

resins are gel type polyserine resins. Acrylic-resins/macroporous/microporous

resins are now available in market.

CATION EXCHANGE RESINS:

Cation Exchange Resins are nothing but acid and can be simply

represented us:

R-H+, where R is resin matrix, completely insoluble in water and only H+ is

mobile in water.

Cation resins are of two type. Strong Acids Cation Exchange Resins (SAC) and

Weak Acid Cation Exchange Resins (WAC).

SAC: When the functional group attached to resins matrix is strong acid group. It is called Sac

resins.

SAC can split all the salts and its performances is not influenced by pH of water.

Operational exchange capacity and regeneration efficiency of SAC is less than WAC.

WAC: WAC can only split weak electrolyte (Carbonate and Bicarbonate).

It performs better with high pH water and with lower pH water its performance decreases

and when pH falls below 4 actually regeneration take place.

ANION EXCHANGE RESINS:

Anion resins can be simply represented by R+ and OH- and is nothing but an

alkali / base. OH- is only mobile in water.

Anion Exchange resins are two types. Strong base anion resins (SBA)

and Weak base anion resins (WBA).

SBA: When the functional group is strong base it is called SBA resins. SBA

performance is not influenced by water pH and it can exchange with both

strong and weak acids.

WBA: When the functional group attached with a weak base it is called WBA resins.

WBA performs better at low pH and increased pH decreased its performance.

When pH is more then 11 actually regeneration takes place.

Operational capacity and regeneration efficiency of WBA is higher than

SBA. WBA can only react with strong acids

PRINCIPLE OF DEIONISATION :

All impurities expect dissolved solids are removed in pre-treatment plant.

Only dissolved solids are removed in D.M. Plant.

Dissolved solids in water dissociates into ions(as water is polar solvent and it is

dissolved in electro-valent compound

Positive charged ions are called cations and Negative charged ions are termed as

anions.

In normal river water most common salts presented are calcium, magnesium

and sodium salts, associated with corresponding equivalent ions like Cl-, SO4- etc.

H2CO3

If above water passes through a cation exchanger all cations are exchanged

with H+ of cation exchanger resins.

Similarly all cations are exchanged and retained by resins and ultimate

product will be corresponding acids. pH drops around 3.5 and it becomes soft.

The above water when passed through a anion exchanger, all anions

exchanged with OH- of SBA resins and equivalent of water is produced.

Similarly all acids are convertible to H2O. It appears that by passing water

containing salts through a cation and anion exchange resins all isolable salts

can be removed.

However actual process is a little bit different

SELECTIVITY OF IONS:

Resins has a preference for exchange and it depends on charge and size.

Triple charge is preferred to double and double is preferred

to single charge. Charge being same preference is given bigger size ions.

SODIUM SLIP: When water containing Ca, Mg, Na ions is passed through cation exchanger bed,

Ca ions are retained in 1st layer then Mg ions and in the last layer Na retained.

Ions exchange are reversible( for regeneration and reuse).

The reaction in the bottom part of the bed is with sodium salt (say NaCl).

Now even at very low concentration of R-Na some back reaction produces NaCl.

Thus effluent coming out from ion exchanger is not 100% acid but contain a little

amount of sodium salt. This called sodium slip. Increased bed depth reduces this

amount of slip but can never be nil. Further it is not techno economically feasible to

increase bed depth indefinitely. Hence some amount of sodium slip is accepted in

design.

The cation effluent containing some amount of sodium when passes through ion

exchanger, acids are converted to water to NaOH.

So the effluent coming out of anion bed contain NaOH that increases the pH and

conductivity of the anion effluent.

Further similar to Na slip, silica slip takes place from ion exchanger.

Thus water coming out through cation and anion exchanger has high pH/

conductivity and silica and is not as per requirement of H.P. units.

MIXED BED UNITS :

After passing water through cation then anion exchanger it passed through

mixed bed unit. In mixed bed cation and anion resins are mixed and while water

passes through thousands of cation / anion exchanger ‘resulting final effluent of

very good quality. So, minimum requirement is, SAC→SBA →MB. Further H2SO3

produces in SAC can be easily removed at low running cost in Degassifer. Thus

simplest DM Plant for High pressure unit is:

SAC → Degasser → SBA → MB

D.M.PLANT:

From filter water chlorine is removed before allowing to enter ion exchanger. It can be done

by:

(a) Passing through a activated carbon filter which absorbs chlorine.

(b) Dosing calculated amount of sodium sulphate which reduces chlorine to chlorine ion.

Depending upon the amount of water to be treated and quality of filter water, Different

types of demineralisation schemes are made:

(1) Cation Unit-Degasser-Anion Unit- M.B. Unit

SAC SAB

This is the simplest arrangement. Capital cost less and running cost more.

(2) Cation Unit – WAB – Degsasser- SAB – MB – SAC

where water requirement is more.therecapital cost is more than (1) but running cost is less.

(3) WAC-SAC-WBA-Degasser-SBA-MB

where H2O contains more carbonate/bicarbonate and requirement is more.

Capital cost more than (2) running cost is less (2)

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