Presentation1

By:• Yasra Shams• Zahida Parvez• Zainab Zaman• Saba Mumtaz

Vitamin D

(Cholecalciferol)

Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)

Functions:

Formation of bones and teeth

Helps to absorb minerals calcium and

phosphorous in intestine

lack of vitamin D can lead to bone deformities

such as rickets in children

Sources:

Requirements:

Vitamin D is required in adulthood for maintaining BMD.(bone minerals density)

to reduce the risk for many types of cancer.

promotes calcium absorption in the gut and maintains adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations.

for bone growth and bone remodeling by osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

for mineralizing the skeleton.

vitamin D also helps protect older adults from osteoporosis.

Vitamin D is also responsible for allowing the body to absorb calcium through the small intestines.

It is involved in allowing the body to properly absorb and utilize the mineral calcium.

for allowing the body to absorb calcium through the small intestines.

Stability in food preparation:

It is unaffected by normal cooking temperatures and processes and does not dissolve in water.

Deficiency: It causes retarted growth in children.

Causes osteomalacia in adults which shows signs of diffuse body pains.

Rickets in children in which bones become weak especially in legs

It’s symptoms include

dental deformities,

muscle cramps and

tingling.

Vitamin E (Tocopherol)Functions: Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects

polyunsaturated fatty acids from damage by free radicals, especially in cell membrane.

The body also needs vitamin E to help keep the immune system strong against viruses and bacteria.

It reduces the risk of

atherosclerosis.

It may also discourage development

of some type of cancer.

Sources:

Lettuce

Deficiency: Deficiency of vitamin E is rare, but it shows

signs of muscle tissue damage and swelling of adipose tissue.

Symptoms of increased breakdown of red blood vessels cells that can cause anemia.

may also lead to vision problems.

It can muscle weakness.