presentation ppt on wireless energy transfer

Wireless Power Transmission

Presented by

SUMIT VARSHNEY1109131911Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringJSSATEN, NOIDA

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What is WPT?The transmission of energy from

one place to another without using wires

Conventional energy transfer is using wires

But, the wireless transmission is made possible by using various technologies

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Why not wires? As per studies, most electrical

energy transfer is through wires. Most of the energy loss is during

transmission• On an average, more than 30%• In India, it exceeds 40%

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History

Nikola Tesla in late 1890sPioneer of induction techniquesThe 187 feet tall towerAccessible to everyoneGovernment closed tower

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History (contd…)Tesla was able to transfer energy

from one coil to another coilHe managed to light 200 lamps

from a distance of 40kmThe idea of Tesla is taken in to

research after 100 years by a team led by Marin Soljačić from MIT. The project is named as ‘WiTricity’.

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Types and Technologies of WPTNear-field techniques

Inductive CouplingResonant Inductive CouplingAir Ionization

Far-field techniqueMicrowave Power Transmission

(MPT)

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Inductive coupling Primary and secondary coils are

not connected with wires.Energy transfer is due to Mutual

Induction

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Inductive coupling (contd…)Transformer is also an exampleEnergy transfer devices are usually air-coredWireless Charging Pad(WCP),electric brushes

are some examplesOn a WCP, the devices are to be kept,

battery will be automatically charged.

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Inductive coupling( contd… )Electric brush also charges using

inductive couplingThe charging pad (primary coil)

and the device(secondary coil) have to be kept very near to each other

It is preferred because it is comfortable.

Less use of wiresShock proof

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Resonance Inductive Coupling(RIC)Combination of inductive

coupling and resonanceResonance makes two objects

interact very stronglyInductance induces current

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How resonance in RIC?Coil provides the inductanceCapacitor is connected parallel to

the coilEnergy will be shifting back and

forth between magnetic field surrounding the coil and electric field around the capacitor

Radiation loss will be negligible

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An example

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WiTricityBased on RICLed by MIT’s Marin SoljačićEnergy transfer wirelessly for a

distance just more than 2m. Coils were in helical shapeEfficiency achieved was around

40%

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WiTricity (contd…)

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WiTricity now…Companies like Intel are also

working on devices that make use of RIC

Researches for decreasing the field strength

Researches to increase the range

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RIC vs. inductive couplingRIC is highly efficientRIC has much greater range than

inductive couplingRIC is directional when compared

to inductive couplingRIC can be one-to-many. But

usually inductive coupling is one-to-one

Devices using RIC technique are highly portable

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Air IonizationToughest technique

under near-field energy transfer

Air ionizes only when there is a high field

Needed field is 2.11MV/m

Natural example: Lightening

Not feasible for practical implementation

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Advantages of near-field techniquesNo wiresNo e-wasteEfficient energy

transfer using RIC

Harmless, if field strengths under safety levels

Maintenance cost is less

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DisadvantagesDistance constraintField strengths have to be under

safety levelsInitial cost is highIn RIC, tuning is difficultHigh frequency signals must be

the supplyAir ionization technique is not

feasible

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Far-field energy transfer

RadiativeNeeds line-of-sightMicrowaveAims at high power transfer

Tesla’s tower was built for this

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Microwave Power Transfer(MPT)Transfers high power from one

place to another. Two places being in line of sight usually

Steps:◦Electrical energy to microwave

energy◦Capturing microwaves using

rectenna◦Microwave energy to electrical

energy

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MP T (contd…)AC can not be directly converted

to microwave energyAC is converted to DC firstDC is converted to microwaves

using magnetronTransmitted waves are received

at rectenna which rectifies, gives DC as the output

DC is converted back to AC

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RectennaStands for rectifying antennaConsists of mesh of dipoles and

diodesConverts microwave to its DC

equivalentUsually multi-element phased

array

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Rectenna in USRectenna in US receives 5000MW

of power from SPSIt is about one and a half mile

long

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Advantages of far-field energy transferEfficientEasyNeed for grids, substations etc

are eliminatedLow maintenance costMore effective when the

transmitting and receiving points are along a line-of-sight

Can reach the places which are remote

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Disadvantages of far-field energy transferRadiativeNeeds line-of-sightInitial cost is highWhen microwaves are used,

◦interference may arise◦FRIED BIRD effect

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ApplicationsNear-field energy transfer

◦ Electric automobile charging Static and moving

◦ Consumer electronics◦ Industrial purposes

Far-field energy transfer◦ Solar Power Satellites◦ Energy to remote areas◦ Can broadcast energy globally (in future)

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ConclusionTransmission without wires- a realityEfficientLow maintenance cost. But, high initial

costBetter than conventional wired

transferEnergy crisis can be decreasedLow loss In near future, world will be

completely wireless

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References S. Sheik Mohammed, K. Ramasamy, T. Shanmuganantham,”

Wireless power transmission – a next generation power transmission system”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) (Volume 1 – No. 13)

Peter Vaessen,” Wireless Power Transmission”, Leonardo Energy, September 2009

C.C. Leung, T.P. Chan, K.C. Lit, K.W. Tam and Lee Yi Chow, “Wireless Power Transmission and Charging Pad”

David Schneider, “Electrons unplugged”, IEEE Spectrum, May 2010

Shahrzad Jalali Mazlouman, Alireza Mahanfar, Bozena Kaminska, “Mid-range Wireless Energy Transfer Using Inductive Resonance for Wireless Sensors”

Chunbo Zhu, Kai Liu, Chunlai Yu, Rui Ma, Hexiao Cheng, “Simulation and Experimental Analysis on Wireless Energy Transfer Based on Magnetic Resonances”, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), September 3-5, 2008

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References( contd…)André Kurs, Aristeidis Karalis, Robert Moffatt, J. D.

Joannopoulos, Peter Fisher and Marin Soljačić, “Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances”, Science, June 2007

T. R. Robinson, T. K. Yeoman and R. S. Dhillon, “Environmental impact of high power density microwave beams on different atmospheric layers”,

White Paper on Solar Power Satellite (SPS) Systems, URSI, September 2006

Richard M. Dickinson, and Jerry Grey, “Lasers for Wireless Power Transmission”

S.S. Ahmed, T.W. Yeong and H.B. Ahmad, “Wireless power transmission and its annexure to the grid system”

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THANK YOU!