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WE THE GROUP MEMBERS:

MD. BULBUL AHMED 10.01.03.003

MD.SHARIFUL ISLAM 10.01.03.008

MD.YOUSUF BIN AZIZ 10.01.03.018ABU SAYED MD.TARIN 10.01.03.020

MD.FARHAN ABIR 10.01.03.026

MD.SABBIR KARIM 10.01.03.037

MD.YASIN(GROUP LEADER) 10.01.03.038

MD.EZAZ AHMED 10.01.03.041

S.M.RAHAT RAHMAN 10.01.03.044

MD.ABU RAIHAN 10.01.03.049





Deep Foundation

Foundation:Foundation is the lowest and

supporting layer of a structure.

Geotechnical engineers design foundations basedon the load characteristics of the structure.



FOUNDATION

DEEP FOUNDATION SHALLOW

FOUNDATION

The most common forms of construction pertaining to deep

foundation are :

PILES PIERS CAISSONS



Shallow Foundation











Classification of Piles

Depending upon materials used in their manufacture, piles can be classified as :

a) Concrete Piles

i) Cast-In-Place or cast-in-situ Piles

ii) Pre-cast Piles

iii) Pre-stressed concrete Piles

b) Steel Pilesc) Timber Piles

d) Composite Piles







Definition & Explanation

PRE-CAST PILE: Pre means before & cast

means made. So precast pile refers to a pile that

has made before it is being used.



PRECAST PILE



Why andWhere it is used?

Pre cast pile is used for extra heavy weight

structure because it can ensure full strength by

proper maintaining.

It can be used under water.

There is no possibility of the reinforcements

getting displaced.

There is no possibility of the voids being left.

Not to attack by corrosive constituents in the

soil and the sub-soil water.













Structure of Precast pile & Related

Information

By the soil test, we would be find the depth of penetrate.

By which length of a pile can be determined.

After determine the total weight of the building, we would find

the number of piles.

The diameter of the pile normally varies from 35 cm to 65 cm

and their length varies from 20 ft to 30 ft.

Besides bearing load for easy transportation & movement big

weir or reinforcement is used in the pre cast pile.

For easy driven rectangular pile is often made.



Longitudinal reinforcement usually consists of one bar 20 mm to

50mm in diameter at each angle of the section of the pile.

The vertical rods are tied horizontally by bars 6mm to 10mm indiameter.

The horizontal bars may be provided in the form of stirrups

wound around the verticals.

Pile shoe & pile stirrup is used in the lower part of the pile to

driven the pile easily.





SOILCONDITION

Soil suitability

Suitable in a wide

range of soil conditions

Working loads in excess

of 1000kN

Useful for very deep

piling upto 40 m In soft ground or in

aggressive or

contaminated soils

Bearing Capacity

High bearing capacity

Concrete formations

around the contracted

sections increase the

capacity.

Compact soil &increase the bearing

capacity



Process of Precast pile

Steel form is used for the precast pile

manufacture.

Before pore the concrete in to the

form, Mobil or other kind of oil have

been used. cement, sand ,aggregate ratio is

normally 1:2:4 in pre cast pile.

But to make the foundation stronger

mix ratio is used 1:1.5:3

When the concrete pore in the steel

form it would be ramming by the

vibrator.





Curing & Driving

After 3 days, pile have been covering by

the sheet.

After 3 days of casting, steel form would

be removed. Then the piles would be prepare for 4

weeks curing.

Then the piles are transported to the site

for driving



Picture of CuringPicture of Curing



Picture of DrivingPicture of Driving



Advantages of Precast Pile

Cast well before work.

Well supervised

Reinforcement remain in their proper position Can be driven under water

After driven they can be loaded soon

We can get required strength Detect the damage before use

Properly cured by water



Disadvantages of Precast Pile

Difficult to manufacture

Not economical

Subject to longitudinal and transverse cracking

Not aesthetic

Not appropriate for curved or flared structures

Complicated for skews





Difference of Theoretical & Practical

Theoretical

We can joint two pile

together

Maximum length 40 ft

All of the test have todone before use

Practical

We use one pile to

drive.

They use 50~55 ft pile

They only do some testin site



Cast In Situ Pile



WHAT IS CAST-IN-SITU PILES?

Cast in situ piles are those piles which are

cast in position in side the ground.

Reinforcements are necessary to be provided

in a cast in situ Piles , when the pile acts as a

column and is subjected to a lateral force.



WHAT IS CAST-IN-SITU PILES?



PURPOSE OF CAST-IN-SITU PILE

Load Transmission Load Resistance



TYPES OF CAST IN SITU PILES

SIMPLEX PILE FRANKI PILE




VIBRO PILE VIBRO EXPANDED PILE




RAYMOND PILE MAC ARTHUR PILE



CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF CAST IN SITU PILE

LOOSANING OF SOIL

I. Cutting and ScrapingBoring Grab

Cutting Teeth For Rotary Drilling

ii. Ripping

iii. Percussion



REMOVAL OF SOIL

Intermittent Transport Rope Grab

Rotary Drill

CONTINUOUS TRANSPORT

Flush Drilling

Continuous Auger



TEMPORARY SUPPORT

Drill Casing Vibrating

Oscillating

Rotating

DRILLING MUD

Water Bentonite

Polymer



ENLARGED BASE

Under reaming

Grouting

Plug Expulsion

CASTING Of Pile

ReinforcementConcrete

Mix

Casting of

Concrete



BORING PROCESS

Choice of place and boring machine



FIELD TANK AND REMOVAL OF OVERFLOWING

WATER



THE PROCESS OF CASTING

Insertion of temporary casing with shoe




Placement of reinforcement




CASTING OF CONCRETE




CASTING OF CONCRETE




Removal of temporary tube and finish of casting



COMPARISON BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICAL

FIELD

Theoretically Practical Field

Pouring of Concrete

and Withdrawing of steel tube gradually

Polymer, Bentonite,

or Steel Case is used Auger or rotary drill

is used

Steel tube is

withdrawn after 28days

Only Bentonite

solution is used Only Rotary drill is

used



DIFFICULTIES OF PILEING AND HOW TO

OVERCOME THIS

PROBLEM SOLUTION

Rocky layer of soil

with stone

Rising water from

the bottom of hole

Corrosion can beoccurred

Abort drilling

Pump the water.

Best, use precast pile

Soil test is needed.

Corrosion resistantcement





Cannot be used under water

Displacement of reinforced

Dumping of concrete from a great height Inspection is not possible; voids may be left

Contact of water of concrete to the dry soil if uncased

Freshly laid concrete is susceptible to soil components

Driving of adjacent piles may rupture shell-less cast-in-

situ pile

DISADVANTAGES OF CAST-IN-SITU PILES









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