8/15/2019 Presentation on Upstream and Downstream Industry http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/presentation-on-upstream-and-downstream-industry 1/29 A PRESENTATION ON UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY PRESENTED BY: PIYUSH SHANKER VERMA UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: MR. AJAY KUMAR SAXENA UNDER THE MENTOR : MR. RP SHRIWAS
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8/15/2019 Presentation on Upstream and Downstream Industry
• #eismic sur)eys are done by sending high(energysound wa)es into the ground and measuring how
long they take to reect back to the surface. #incesound tra)els at dierent speeds as it passes throughdierent materials, computers can use seismic datato create a *(+ map of what lies below the surface.
• hen the data indicate a likely site for oil and naturalgas reser)es, an e-ploration well is often drilled. ocksamples from the well are brought to the surface andanaly/ed. ell logs measure the electrical, magnetic
and radioacti)e properties of the rocks.• 0igh(resolution aero(magnetic sur)eys done by
special aircraft can also show fault traces anddierentiate between dierent rock types near the
surface.
8/15/2019 Presentation on Upstream and Downstream Industry
&nce disco)ered, drilled, and brought tothe earths surface, crude oil istransported to re4nery by pipeline, shipor both. At the re4nery, it is treated and
con)erted into consumer and industrialproducts. Three ma6or re4nery processthat changes crude oil are!
#eparationCon)ersion
Puri4cation
FIRST CRUDE OI% IS PASSED
8/15/2019 Presentation on Upstream and Downstream Industry
processing. Crude oil is pumped from storagetanks and preheated before going in atmosphericdistillation unit. "norganic salts are remo)ed byemulsifying crude oil with water and separatingthem in a desalter.
8/15/2019 Presentation on Upstream and Downstream Industry
• The longer the carbon chain, the hea)ier the product willbe. Con)erting hea)ier 0C into lighter 0C or changing theform of chain is the function of %CC unit. The reduction in
density has bene4t of )olume gain. The %CC uses catalystwhich is much 4ner and mo)es with the gas oil and thecatalyst con)erts gas oil into 5P>, gasoline anddiesel.%CC? also regenerates catalyst by burning o coke.
DE%AYED COKERUNIT"t is used to con)ert hea)y )acuum resid to more
)aluable product by heating to break hydrocarbon
chains. #ome resid is actually sold in market to blendwith asphalt. "t produces relati)ely low )alued
petroleum coke as by product. The heated feed is fed
to a coke drum and coke forms in the drum. The
lighter products are withdrawn from the top sectionof the dela ed coker. After cokin the coke drum is
8/15/2019 Presentation on Upstream and Downstream Industry
&nce crude oil has undergone separation andcon)ersion, resulting products are ready for
puri4cation which is basically sulphur remo)al.?n4nished products are reacted with hydrogenunder heat and high pressure in presence ofcatalyst resulting in hydrogen sulphide and
desuphuri/ed product. This is later sent to a)#"e'e!3e'( ,"#t where hydrogen sulphide isremo)ed.
HYDROCRACK ING• The only dierence between hydrotreating and
hydrocracking is that in (-'!'a/#"+ 4e" 4e ,$e
atal($t #t *'ea/$ (-'!a'*!" a#".• The only dierence between hydrocracking and %CCis that in hydrocracking atal($t $ta($ at !"e plaea"- +a$ !#l pa$$e$ !3e' #t where as catalyst is 4ner
in %CC and mo)es with gas oil. Butane is produced
CATA%YTIC REFORMING AND
8/15/2019 Presentation on Upstream and Downstream Industry
saturated molecules into unsaturated cyclic andaromatic compounds. "n doing so, it increases the octanenumber of gasoline blend components.
• $ero- is mercaptan o-idation and this processes withinoil re4neries or natural gas processing plants thatremo)e mercaptans and hydrogen sul4de :0=#< are
commonly referred to as $4eete"#"+ p'!e$$e$because they results in products which no longerha)e the sour, foul odors of mercaptans and
hydrogen sul4de. The li1uid hydrocarbon disul4desmay remain in the sweetened products, they may beused as part of the re4nery or natural gas processingplant fuel or processed later.
8/15/2019 Presentation on Upstream and Downstream Industry