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A
PRESENTATION ON
DATA REPLICATION
INFRASTRUCTUREBy:Nikhil Verma (00576807710 /IT-Vth Sem/ EVE)
Vivek Pasi (02176803109/ IT-Vth Sem/ EVE)
Department of Information Technology
Guru Tegh Bahadur Institute of Technology
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
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INTRODUCTION
This Project is based on the study of an ongoing process of MTNL
in which data of a main telephone exchange of one city (also
known as main site) is backed up to a local exchange (also known
as the remote site) which in turn has a backup routed to a main site
of another city.
This main site of second city has its own data being backed up at
its remote site location which in turn has a backup routed to the
main site of previous city.
Thus a network of data backups is formed between these sites
through which any data can be accessed by a server at any time and
in case of a disaster, this can help in restoring the affected site to its
previous state.
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VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES &
EQUIPMENT USED IN THE PROJECT
The following is the list of main equipment used in this project:
1. DS 8000 Copy services environment: DS-8000 copy services
environment was developed by IBM Corp. It was developed to
associate data replication for large scale companies in anefficient & hassle free way. It uses the IBM Corps AIX Server
Operating System based on UNIX.
2. ROUTER: A router is a device that forwards data packets
between telecommunications networks, creating an overlay
internetwork. Router is provided by CISCO.3. SWITCH: A network switch or switching hub is a computer
networking device that connects network segments.
4. SERVER: A server computer is a computer, or series of
computers, that link other computers or electronic devices
together. Servers are provided by IBM.
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What Is Data Replication
Data replication may be defined as the effective sharing of
information between two remote sources so as to establish a
common consistent link between them.
Usually it is done between two remote servers, or similar types of
machines like workstations, where the workload is very high and
there is constant flow of data.
Data replication is very useful in managing large amount of data
particularly in ISP Servers.
Data Replication can be done through various techniques like
database replication, disk replication, file based replication etc.
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Simple Block Diagram Of Data Replication
Infrastructure
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Types Of Data Replication
The following are the types of data replication techniques:
1. Database Replication - Database replication can be used on many databasemanagement systems, usually with a master/slave relationship between the originaland the copies. The master logs the updates, which then ripple through to the slaves.The slave outputs a message stating that it has received the update successfully,thus allowing the sending (and potentially re-sending until successfully applied) ofsubsequent updates.
2. Disk Storage Replication - Active (real-time) storage replication is usuallyimplemented by distributing updates of a block device to several physical harddisks. This way, any file system supported by the operating system can bereplicated without modification, as the file system code works on a level above the
block device driver layer. It is implemented either in hardware (in a disk arraycontroller) or in software (in a device driver)
3. File Based Replication - File base replication is replicating files at a logical levelrather than replicating at the storage block level. There are many different ways ofperforming this and unlike storage level replication , they are almost exclusivelysoftware solutions.
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Uses of Data Replication
There are many Practical applications of Data Replication,
almost everywhere where there is need for data handling and
transfer of large packets of data
Internet Service Providers (ISP) use this technique to backup
their usage data and everything else.
Backing up of data can be very hectic task but it can be easily
managed through data replication techniques.
Sometimes, if the data of a critical storage location for any
company (or any organization) gets lost due to any unwantedproblem or disasters, then this technique can be very helpful in
recovering process.
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ROLE OF DATA REPLICATION
Data Replication can play a veryimportant role in saving substantialamount of data for a company in case ofany disaster occurrence.
It can also help in restoring balance tothe main framework after a disaster has
occurred in order to make the mainframe work recover from it
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The Concept of Mirroring
The Process of Disk mirroring may be defined as the process ofreplicating the contents of a main disk onto another disk so that thecontents of the real disk are replicated on the subordinate one.
This method is used to backup data from a main disk onto a secondarydisk for two reasons:
i. To keep the main Disk free from data clogging
ii. To back up important files that can be lost if the main disk fails
The Concept of data replication uses the process of mirroring for its
operation Usually, the equipment involved in this type of operation is the IBM
Corp.s DS-8000 Copy Services Environment which uses the IBM AIXServer OS.
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Types Of Mirroring
The following are the types of mirroring:
Metro Mirror:
Metro Mirror maybe defined as the type of a disk mirroring function
which can provide real time copying (instantaneous copying of data)
between two disk volumes.
The location of the two disk volumes can be up to 300 km and they are
termed as remote disk volume (the disk onto which the data is being
copied) and the main frame disk (the disk from which the data is being
copied).
It is a synchronous type copying function in which both reading and
writing functions can be performed on both the disks simultaneously.
Simultaneous exchanging of data can be made between the two
participating disks (copying and accessing the data).
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Basic Diagram of Metro Mirror
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Types Of Mirroring (contd.)
Global Mirror:
The Global Mirror function maybe defined as the process in which theexchanging of data between the two volumes takes place after a setinterval of time.
This technology is asynchronous in nature that can provide longdistance copying functions between two remotely located sites (themain frame and remote location).
The range of global mirror functions is very high, only depending onthe network capabilities (like the channel through which the copying isdone etc.)
It works like a distributed application which is based on a clientserver relationship, where the server functions as a supervisor andinstructs the client, which is able to do the work but is reliable on theserver for instructions.
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Basic Diagram Of Global Mirror
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List of Basic Commands Used For Metro
Mirror Operation
TASK Command with DS-CLI
(CLI = Command Line
Inter Face)
Command With DLS-GUI
(GUI = Graphical User
Interface)List available I/O ports that
can be
used to establish Metro Mirror
lsavailpprcport This information is shown duringthe process when a path is
established
List established Metro Mirror
paths.lspprcpath Copy Services Paths
Establish path. mkpprcpath Copy Services Paths Create
Delete path. rmpprcpath Copy Services Paths Delete
Failback. failbackpprc Copy Services Metro Mirror /Global Copy Recovery Failback
Failover. failoverpprc Copy Services Metro Mirror /Global Copy Recovery Failover
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COMPARISION BETWEEN METRO
MIRROR & GLOBAL MIRROR
METRO MIRROR
Mode of operation is
Synchronous
Data consistency is maintained
as long as there are no failures
Data transferring is almost
instantaneous
The remote site is always up to
date with the main site
GLOBAL MIRROR
Mode of operation is
asynchronous Data Consistency is maintained
at the remote site
Data at the remote site lags
behind the main site a little
The data transferred at theremote site is a little behind the
main site
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List of Basic Commands for use with Global
Mirror Operation
TASK DS CLI DLI SMStart Global Mirror session mkgmir CS GM CreateStop Global Mirror session rmgmir CS GM DeletePause Global Mirror session pausegmir CS GM PauseResume Global Mirror session resumegmir CS GM ResumeShow Global Mirror status showgmir CS GM PropertiesCreate a Global Mirror session mksession CS GM Create
Or
CS
GM
Modify
Remove a Global Mirror session rmsession CS GM DeleteOr
CS GM ModifyChange a Global Mirror session chsession CS GM ModifyDisplay a Global Mirror session lssession CS GM View session volumes
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List of commands for use with Global
Mirror Operations (contd.)
Create a complete Global
Mirror environmentmkpprcpath
mkpprc
mkflash
mksession
mkgmir
CS P Create
CS MM Create
CS FC Create
CS GM CreateFail over Global Mirror rmgmir
failoverpprc
lsflash
revertflash
or
commitflash
reverseflash
mkflash
CS GM Delete
CS MM Failover
CS FC Properties
CS FC Reverse
relationship
CSFCCreate
Fail back Global Mirror mkpprcpathfailbackpprc
lspprc
mkpprcpath
failoverpprc
failbackpprc
resumegmir
CSPCreate
CSMMFailback
CSMM Properties
CSMM Failover
CSMM Failback
CSGM Resume
TASK DS CLI DLI SM
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Failover And Failback Functions
The failover and failback functions may be defined as the two main
disaster management functions that can be employed if any unwanted
situation causes the main site of data generation (data center) to crash
or stop functioning. In this, there may be two steps involved:
1. During the first step, if the data center stops functioning in the
normal way, then the data replication is handled from a remote data
site. This process can be termed as the failover function.
2. During the second step, when the main data center is working
properly, the work is shifted again from the remote site to the main
center, with the emphasis being laid on updating the main data center
before continuing any work on it. This process can be termed as the
failback function.
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SUMMARY
Data Replication Infrastructure is a network of interconnected Locations (known as main
& remote sites) which does replication (copying) between two subsequent Main &Remote Sites.
It is used to backup critical data from a main site to a remote one so that the data can bebacked up to a safe location which may be used at the time of need
Most prominent form of data replication is the disk replication system
In disk replication system, there are further two types:
1. Metro Mirroring
2. Global Mirroring
Mirroring can be defined as the process of replicating the exact contents of a disk on toanother one
In metro mirror, the data from the main site is replicated to the remote siteinstantaneously.
In global mirror, the data from the main site is replicated to the remote site after a timeinterval.
Failover and failback functions are the two functions which help in the disaster recoveryprocess.
This whole process is based on the IBM Corps AIX Server OS, using DS 8000 DataReplication Services.
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SNAPSHOTS OF VARIOUS
EQUIPMENT BEING USED AT MTNL
A HARDWARE MANAGEMENT CONSOLE
(USED FOR MAINTAINING A SERVER)
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A ROUTER & SWITCH ASSEMBLY
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SERVER
This is the detailed view
of a server in operation
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A
STORAGE
SECTION
THIS IS THE AREA
WHERE THE DATA IS
STORED FOR ANYEXCHANGE.
THE TOTAL CAPACITY
IS ABOUT 40 TB.
IT COMPRISES OF
INDIVIDUAL HDDs OF
CAPACITY 300 GBs
EACH (SHOWN HERE
WITH WHITE LABELS).
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References
DS-8000 Copy Services Environment (IBM Redbooks
Publications/ISBN-0738431141)
DS-8000 Architecture (IBM Redbooks Publications/ISBN-
0738435066)
DS-8000 Performance & Monitoring (IBM Redbooks
Publications/ISBN-0738432695)
Disaster Recovery Strategies (IBM Redbooks Publications/ISBN-
0738426504)
IBM AIX Enterprise Edition System Administration Guide (IBMRedbooks Publications/ISBN-0738432903)
Other sourcesThe Internet
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THANK YOU