Presentation on the Brazilian ethanol

The Brazilian Bioethanol Model

HistoryHistory

Advantages of sugar caneAdvantages of sugar cane

Advantages of the brazilian modelAdvantages of the brazilian model

Bioethanol as a FuelBioethanol as a Fuel

ConclusionConclusion

History

Título

-In 1931 the Brazilian government implemented a compulsory blend of at least 5% anhydrous bioethanol in gasoline (Decree 19.717 Getúlio Vargas)

- In November 14th, 1975, by Decree No. 76.953 ProAlcool is born

- Several crops such as Cassava tried with little success: sugar cane won

- Incentives were given such as exemption from IPI for taxis and priceguarantee of 66% of gas price (no incentives today)

- In 1979 the first ethanol car was brought to the market — a Fiat model 147

- Last year Brazil achieved its independence on oil imports, largelyin part to its ethanol program

- Today up to 85% of cars are Flex and ethanol consumption isHIGHER than gasoline

History

Título

Advantages of sugar cane

Título

- Produces SUGAR, instead of starch (corn: 2 steps) or cellulose(switchgrass: 4 steps)

- Sequesters carbon: 46,6 x 106 ton eq CO2–GHG

- Excellent energy balance: 8,2/1 (energy production / energy consumption)

- One of the most effective photosynthesizers of all plants (C-4 plant): able toconvert up to 2 % of solar energy into biomass

- Does NOT compete with food

- ENTIRE plant used: not just seeds such as corn

- Does NOT grow in the amazon (region is known to harbour the fungusMycovellosiella Koepkei, which inhibits growth)

Advantages of sugar cane

Título

Advantages of sugar cane when compared with corn

Título

Bioethanol as a Fuel

Título

Bioethanol as a Fuel

Título

Bioethanol as a Fuel

Título

- Needs to be at least 70% cheaper than gasoline to make up for itsenergy loss

- Cannot have any water or you will get phase separation when mixedwith gasoline and rust in the engine internal parts

- Keeps engine clean when used in small mixes with gasoline

A threatened model?

Título

Conclusion

Título

- Brazil´s model is the ONLY time-tested model available today

- The model has been approved even by institutions such as the WWF

- The model can be perfectly adapted to any country or region

- Cellulosic, algae, etc may be the future, but we need solutions NOW!

- Why the US resists this model? I don´t know! You tell me!

TítuloComments?

Al CostaCEOAlkol [email protected]