Presentation on soil

PRESENTATIONPRESENTATIONON ON

SOIL POLLUTIONSOIL POLLUTION

BY-Priya Gandhi(P.D.I.M.T.R)Pranali Raut (P.D.I.M.T.RPranita Giri (P.D.I.M.T.R)

Guided by, Mr. Ashish Ghorpadetqma2z.blogspot.com

POLLUTION

“Any addition to air , water , soil & food that threatens the health , survival , capabilities or activities of humans or other living organisms is called pollution.”

LAND POLLUTION:

The outer covering of the land is called “Lithosphere” which is formed by minerals organic matter ,water contained & air which is called “Soil”. Proportion of these components in soil are-

25% Organic matter

20-50% Water

10-25% Air

40-50%Minerals

Arable Land: 10%Permanent Crops:1%Permanent Pastures:26%Forest & Woodland:32%Urban Areas:1.5%Other:30%Irrigated Land:2,481,250km2

Land Use

Causes Of Soil Erosion

a)Natural Causes Of Soil Erosion:1.Wind2.Water

b)Human Generated Causes:1.Deforestation2.Poor Fanning Method3.Overgrazing4.Mining

Soil Pollution Due To Agricultural Patterns

oUnskilled Irrigation

oUse of chemical fertilizers

oUse of pesticides

Soil Conservation:

“Soil Conservation means checking soil erosion & improving soil fertility.”

METHODS:-oMaintenance of soil fertility

oControl of Grazing

oTerracing

oAforestation

SOIL DEGRADATION

Soil Salination Soil Erosion

•Salinity From Drylands

•Salinity From Irrigation

REASONS OF DEFORESTATION

a) Exploitation of Timber

b) Fire Wood from Forest

c) Shifting Cultivation

EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION

a)Soil Erosion

b)Loss of Forest Product

c)Disturbing Eco-System

d)Micro Scale Consequences

SOLUSION OF DEFORESTATION

a)Agro Forestry

b) Social Forestry: 1.Farm Forestry 2.Community Plots 3.Forestry Plots

c) Net Forestry Practices

AFORESTATIONAFORESTATION

A forestation restricts the soil run off and help to reduce the environmental pollution”

The Central & State Government have launched several A forestation Programmes through out the country as a part of Forest Conservation Policy.

The “Social Forestry Programmes “ was launched in 1976.

The A forestation Programmes includes planting of new tress & protecting the existing ones.

FOREST

Forest is complex ecological system in which trees are the dominant life form. Forest types are distinguished from each other according to species

composition(which develops in part according to the age the forest),the density of tree cover type of soils found there & the geological history of the

forest region.

IMPORTANCE OF FOREST

1)Forest improves the environment in many ways: Maintain life-supporting quality of the atmosphere Prevention of soil erosion Forest bring rain

2)Forest Support Wild Life

3)Forest Provide Commercial Products

oLumbering should be minimized.(Cutting of trees for timber)oPrevention of forest fires.oControl of insects, pests & diseases.oPlantation of new tress.oPreservation of wild animals.oForests , specially the national parks & Sanctuaries should be declared protected places.oCutting or damaging tree has been made a legal offense in most urban areas.

Thank You….