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INDIAN RAILWAYS
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INDIAN RAILWAYS A SUNRISE
INDUSTRY
Indian Railways, a super Navaratna.
The Indian Railways (IR) is a truly great institution. It is a
global giant that operates profitably, effectively and withrelatively little government support.
MCKINSEY & COMPANY
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Brief History
Railways were first introduced to India in 1853.
By the 1947 , the year of India's independence, there were forty
two rail system. In the 1951 the system were nationalized as
one unit.
In 1986, the Ministry of Railways established the Centre for
Railway Information System(CRIS).
CRIS is responsible for designing ,developing and
implementing all major computer systems for railways.
In 1990, CRIS introduced CONCERT (Country-wide Network
for Enhanced Reservation and Ticketing) to facilitate
reservation system.
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Main challenges of Indian
Railways
Provide a reservation system that efficiently serves
more than half a million people each day.
Ensure maximum uptime soreservation/ticketing/inquiry application is available
24x7 .
Create a Web site that can accommodate more thanone million hits per day.
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CRIS :- CENTRE FOR RAILWAY INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
In 1982,Government decided to set up a Freight Operations
Information Systems (FOIS) later in 1986,Ministry of Railways
established the CENTRE FOR RAILWAY INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CRIS),
Chanakya Puri, New Delhi - 21 to be an umbrella for all computer
activities on Indian Railways (IR). They also entrusted it with the task
of design, development and implementation of the FOIS, along with
its associated communications infrastructure. The Centre started
functioning from July,1987.It is an autonomous organization headed
by Managing Director .CRIS is mainly a project oriented organizationengaged in development of major computer systems on the Railways.
CRIS has acquired special knowledge and expertise in the field of
informatics
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Delhi PRS
Mumbai PRS
Chennai PRS
kolkata PRS
Secunderabad PRS
64 KBPS (x2) Leased
Line
1 64 KBPS Leased Line6
1 2MBPS Leased line
64 KBPS Leased Line
1 2MBPS Leased line
64 KBPS (X 2) Leased
Line
64 KBPS Leased Line
2 MBPS (x2) Leased Line
CRIS
1 64 KBPS Leased Line6
1 2MBPS Leased line
DATA BASE STRUCTURE OF
PRS
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CRIS: The needA separate organization was considered better suited to take up all
computer activities on IR mainly for the following reasons :
To avoid duplication of efforts by individual Railways.
To ensure standardization of computer hardware and software on the
Railways.
To undertake design and development of major applications on
Railways requiring higher levels of expertise, faster decision makingand system wide applicability.
To insulate the organization from day to day working of the Railways
so that its objectives are not lost sight of.
Need for a combined effort of Railways and Computer Specialists,considered best suited for the development of the computer
applications on Railways.
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The Data warehouse captures information related to
earnings, reservations, cancellations, waitlist, quota
utilized etc for particular Train, Class, Booking Status
Wise, Quota and Source Destination. The data arecleansed, transformed and loaded into Data
warehouse structures. On the data warehouse, a front
end application is designed which provides a standardset of reports and also tools for user to make queries
and create reports.
T t M t t t
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T e a ove w e p t e Management to o t e o ow ng:
Study the booking pattern of train.
Change quota distribution to ensure maximum utilization.
Change train frequency depending on traffic patterns so as to provide
maximum revenue
Helpful in deciding during which period additional coaches should be
added or additional trains should be scheduled so as to meet the
passenger demand and to maximize revenues.
Can do trend analysis for planning future growth of Railways.
Can do impact analysis i.e. increase a particular concession what will
be the earning loss.
It will enable Railways to tackle the competition posed by low cost
traveling options offered by Airways and Roadways in the later
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Data Warehouse Hardware and Software Environment
Data Warehouse Application is divided into two parts front-end and
back-end. Front-end is developed in ASP . At the backend there is
Sybase IQ (as database), which is used to store information and deliver
information to the front-end.
Hardware Interfaces
The configuration of Online Central Server (ia64 hp server rx2660) is as follows:
2 Intel(R) Itanium 2 9100 series processors
23.98 GB RAM
12 MB cache/cpu
10 FC disk (450 GB each)(EMC Box)
4.5 TB Storage (EMC Box)
Dual external storage connectivity
DVD ROM drive
The configuration of Offline Central Server (Sun V880R) is as follows:
Two CPU SUN V880R Server
8 GB RAM
8 MB cache/cpu
20/40 GB DAT drive
2x73GB HDD
2 TB Storage (EMC)Dual external storage connectivity
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Data mining
Process of semi-automatically analyzing largedatabases to find patterns that are:
valid: hold on new data with some certainity
novel: non-obvious to the system
useful: should be possible to act on the item
understandable: humans should be able to
interpret the pattern Also known as Knowledge Discovery in
Databases (KDD)
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Railway managers (even the Railway Programmers) easily generate ad
hoc queries.
Application Database is segmented across multiple serversthroughout the country making it comfortable for the Railway users
to find the data in the first place.
Database Administrators enables ad-hoc querying of PRS OLTP
systems, to prevent analytical users from running queries (e.g. how
many passengers are booked for a given journey Day) as these slow
down the performance of mission-critical PRS databases.