Presentation on literature review

WELCOME

TO

THIS PRESENTATION SESSION

4/22/2014 1

By:

Karna Bahadur Chongbang

MPhil in Education

13th Batch

At:

Tribhuvan University

Faculty of Education

Office for MPhil Program

Dillibazaar, ktm

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What is a Literature?

Literature is a term which is used to describe written or spoken

material. Broadly speaking, literature is used to describe anything

from creative writing to more technical or scientific works.

Literature means writings and a body of literature refers to all the

published writings in a particular style on a particular subject.

In research, a body of literature is a collection of published

information and data relevant to a research question.

Literature is an authentic intellectual product, property and legacy

which contributes to the development of a certain body of

knowledge that leads to the formation of a knowledge society.

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What is meant by a Literature Review? Some definitional perspectives.

“A review of literature is a summary, analysis and interpretation of the theoretical, conceptual and research literature related to topic or theme.” (Anderson, 1998, p.76)

“A literature review is a written summary of journals, books and other documents that describes the past and current state of information on the topic of research study. A good review might also contain other information drawn from conference papers, books and government documents.” (Creswell, 2012,p. 80)

“A literature review is the presentation, classification and evaluation of what other researchers have written on particular subject. A literature review may form a part of a research thesis, or may stand alone as a separate document.” (Txt_lit_review.pdf)

“A literature review is text written by someone to consider the critical points of current knowledge including substantive findings, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic.” ( Wikipedia.)

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Place of Literature Review in Research

Theoretical, perspectival and disciplinary ground of a

researcher

An essential preliminary task of a researcher

Continuous process during the research journey

In quantitative research: an extensive review at the

beginning, and a separate section titled “ Review of the

Literature”.

In qualitative research: less emphasis on literature review at

beginning, no separate section, more emphasis at the end of

the research to support and integrate the findings.

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Purposes of Reviewing Literature

To convey the background of a specific field

To provide with information to the researchers to complete

their study

To ensure the newness of the research

To avoid unnecessary duplication

To define and limit the problem

To evaluate promising research methods

To locate the agreement, disagreement and gaps in the previous

works

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Approaches to Literature Review Different perspectives on nature of literature review:

Positivist Model:

- employs the processes of synthesizing, summarizing and drawing

together across inter disciplinary issues

- emphasizes on developing normative conceptual framework/ value

free

Post-positivist Model:

-intends to explore literature and review strand,

- records reflection strands

Critical Theory Model:

- analyzes the literature from a particular ideological position

i.e. Feminist, Marxist etc.

- sees the materials as value laden.

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Seven Steps Model of Literature Review Step 1: Identifying research question

- A researchable research question emerges from literature review.

Step 2: Reviewing discipline styles

-Each discipline has own style for writing literature review .

Step3: Searching the literature

-Identify the key authors and their i.e. books, journals, research reports, web sites, theses etc.

Step 4: Managing reference and avoiding plagiarism

-A review must contain accurate and consistent style of references.

-Citing reference accurately is a key way to avoid being accused of plagiarism.

Step 5: Critically analyzing and evaluating the information

Step 6: Synthesizing the findings

-The findings or information are compared, contrasted, combined and synthesized into a coherent whole.

Step 7: Write the review

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Guidelines for Writing Literature Review Review APA guidelines Cite all relevant references Indicate why some studies are more important Justify comments such as ‘no studies were found’ Cite separately for the inconsistent or varying results of the studies Distinguish between research findings and other sources of

information Write the argument coherently

According to Caully(1992), Compare and contrast different authors’ view Group authors who draw similar conclusion Criticize the aspects of methodology Note areas of disagreements Highlight gaps in researches Show how your study relates to previous studies Show how your study relates to the literature in general Conclude by summarizing what the literature says

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Literature review is not just a shopping list,

nor a description only. Then , what may be?

Comparing and contrasting different views

Grouping the authors who have drawn similar conclusions

Criticizing the aspects of methodology

Identifying disagreements

Highlighting gaps in research

Showing relation among the studies

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Trends of Literature Review

Theoretical Literature Review/Framework

Empirical Literature Review

Conceptual Framework

Critical/Analytical Framework

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Theoretical Literature Review/Framework Theoretical literature is ideas-based literature.

Theoretical frame work is a collection of related concepts that guides research, determines what things one will need to measure and/or what statistical relationship to look for.

It is used in deductive, theory-testing studies.

Theoretical reviews compare how different theories address an issue.

Scholarly writing that helps researcher to build and sharpen the conceptual focus.

The sources of theoretical literature review prepare the conceptual framework.

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Empirical Literature Review Literature which contains observed data or collected

data is called empirical literature.

Empirical literature is the literatures, or previous studies that relate or argue positively with studies, hypothesis and variables.

It is systematic identification, location and analysis of documents containing information related to a research problem under investigation.

The review encompasses research question, objectives, methodologies and findings the previous studies.

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Conceptual Framework Conceptual framework is a mental construct of a

researcher based on literature review that guides researcher’s own activities.

Emerges out from comprehensive theoretical literature review.

Occurs when a researcher links concepts from literature to establish evidence to support the research question.

Reveals the variables involved in the research problem

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Critical/Analytical Framework Logical organization of information obtained from

literature.

Critical literature review provides opportunity to establish researcher’s own expertise.

Critical/analytical literature review compares and contrasts the theories or aspects of studies.

It justifies the linkage of research with previous studies and further contribution to the knowledge advancement.

Presents the interactive position of dependent and independent variables

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Conclusion

Literature is the background of any new research activity.

Literature review is a systematic process.

Literature review is an interwoven process along with research work.

Research question, objective, methodology and other aspects of a research are directed by the review of previous literature.

Conceptual or analytical framework of research is derived from theoretical and empirical literature review.

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References

Anonymous ( n. d.). Classic literature. Retrieved from Classclit.about.com/ o d /

literary terms /g/aa_whatsliter.htm. on April 4,2014.

Anonymous ( n. d.). Literature review. Retrieved from

En.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature _ review. on April 4,2014.

Anonymous ( n. d.). The review of literature for research. Retrieved from

www..uncp.edu/home/…/LitReview.html on April 7, 2014.

Anonymous( n. d.). Seven steps to producing a literature review: introduction.

Retrieved from www.Librarydevelopment.group.shef.ac.u. on April 6, 2014

Anderson, G.(1998). Fundamentals of educational research( 2nd edition).Suite;

USA: Palmer Press; Taylor & Francis Group.

Birnigham City University( n. d.). How to write literature review. Center for

Academic Success ; Study Guide: Writing. Retrieved from

Library.bcu.ac.uk/learner/writingguides/1.04.htm on April 16, 2014.

Creswell, John W.(2012). Educational research. New Jersey, USA: Pearson

Education

Kumar, R.(2005). Research methodology. New Delhi: Pearson Education

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Post Presentation Session

Comments,

Suggestions,

Feedback and

Integration

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Thank You

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