Presentation on IPs

Slide 1

Ingress Protection (IP)&HAZARDOUS AREAS

BY: RABIA AKHTAR BUSINESS DEVELOPMENTTuesday, March 20, 2012

1Agenda What is IP? 1st Digit 2nd Digit Additional Letter

Hazardous Area Classification Divisions or Zones

GE Jenbacher Gas gen-sets compliance in Oil & Gas sector

2What is IP? IEC outlined international classification system for sealing effectiveness of enclosures. Protects accidental direct contacts with live parts i.e. tools, fingers, dust) and moisture. Provide detailed information than vague marketing terms; waterproof, shock resistant, dust proof etc. Utilizes the letters IP (Ingress Protection) followed by two digits (example: IP 64) Sometimes a third digit which is a letter like IP 20C or IP XXA . Doesnot apply to protection against the risk of explosion or conditions such as corrosive gasses, fungi or vermin.

31st digit Protection from solid objects intruding the enclosure.

Protection of personnel against direct contact with live parts.The first digit indicates the degree that persons are protected against contact with moving parts (other than rotating shafts) and the degree that equipment is protected against solid bodies intruding into an enclosure.Protection from solid objects intruding the enclosure, protection of personnel against direct contact with live parts 41st DigitProtection from Solid Objects Intruding the EnclosureExplanation0No protectionNo protection against contact and ingress of objects 1Protection against solid objects >50mmAny large surface of the body, such as the back of a hand, but No protection against deliberate contact with a body part

1st DigitProtection from Solid Objects Intruding the EnclosureExplanation2Protection against solid objects >12.5mmFingers or similar objects3Protection against solid objects >2.5mmTools, thick wires, etc.

1st DigitProtection from Solid Objects Intruding the EnclosureExplanation4Protection against solid objects >1mmMost wires, screws, etc. 5DustprotectedIngress of dust is not entirely prevented, but it must not enter in sufficient quantity to interfere with the satisfactory operation of the equipment; complete protection against contact6DusttightNo ingress of dust; complete protection against contact

Protection of the equipment against penetration of moisture and water with harmful effects2nd digitThe second digit indicates the degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against harmful entry of various forms of moisture (i.e. submersion, dripping, spraying).

8LevelProtected againstTesting forDetails0No ProtectionNon protected1Dripping waterDripping water (vertically falling drops) shall have no harmful effect.Test duration: 10 minutesWater equivalent to 1mm rainfall per minute

LevelProtected againstTesting forDetails2Dripping water when tilted up to 15Vertically dripping water shall have no harmful effect when the enclosure is tilted at an angle up to 15 from its normal position.Test duration: 10 minutesWater equivalent to 3mm rainfall per minute3Spraying waterWater falling as a spray at any angle up to 60 from the vertical shall have no harmful effect.Test duration: 5 minutesWater volume: 0.7 litres per minute

Pressure: 80100kN/m

LevelProtected againstTesting forDetails4Splashing waterWater splashing against the enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effect.Test duration: 5 minutesWater volume: 10 litres per minutePressure: 80100kN/m5Water jetsWater projected by a nozzle (6.3mm) against enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effects.Test duration: at least 3 minutesWater volume: 12.5 litres per minutePressure: 30kN/m at distance of 3m

LevelProtected againstTesting forDetails6Powerful water jetsWater projected in powerful jets (12.5mm nozzle) against the enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effects.Test duration: at least 3 minutesWater volume: 100 litres per minutePressure: 100kN/m at distance of 3m7Immersion up to 1mIngress of water in harmful quantity shall not be possible when the enclosure is immersed in water under defined conditions of pressure and time (up to 1m of submersion).Test duration: 30 minutesImmersion at depth of 1m

LevelProtected againstTesting forDetails8Immersion beyond 1mThe equipment is suitable for continuous immersion in water under conditions which shall be specified by the manufacturer. Normally, this will mean that the equipment is hermetically sealed. However, with certain types of equipment, it can mean that water can enter but only in such a manner that it produces no harmful effects.Test duration: continuous immersion in waterDepth specified by manufacturer

Corresponds to protection of personnel against direct contact with live partsAdditional LetterLevelProtected AgainstA

With the back of the handBWith the fingerCWith a 2.5 mm diameter toolDWith a 1 mm wire

Remember.Protection Class of generator IP23Interface Panel - IP 54 external, IP 10 internal (protection against direct contact with live parts)Ethernet, CAN bus, Data bus Protection class- IP 65Starting System Battery degree of protection IP 20Electrical Equipment IP 40 external, IP 10 internal

-Protects persons against access to hazardous parts with fingersDust Protected & Splashing Water ProtectionAgainst the intrusion of solid objects (including body parts like hands and fingers), dust, accidental contact, and water inside enclosures.Battery Charging device is mounted inside of the module interface panel or module control panel.16HAZARDOUS AREAS CLASSIFICATION

Where concentrations of flammable gases, vapors, or dust is present, or expected to be present.

Electrical equipment installed in these locations are especially designed and tested as to ensure that it does not initiate an explosion.

In case of a small flare-up, it should remain within the device, or must not produce sparks and trigger an explosion.

Effected industries include Oil & Gas, petroleum refineries, chemical plants, sewerage treatment and grain handling, spray painting shops, aircraft hangars, petrol depots, terminals and garages.What is Hazardous area?A hazardous area is defined as an area where concentrations of flammable gases, vapors, or dust is present, or expected to be present, in quantities which require special precautions for construction, installation and use of potential ignition sources. Electrical equipment that are installed in these locations are especially designed and tested as to ensure that it does not initiate an explosion, due to arcing contacts or high surface temperature of equipment. In case of a small flare-up, it should remain within the device, or must not produce sparks with sufficient energy that could trigger an explosion.

Major industries affected would include oil gas, petroleum refineries, chemical plants, seweragetreatment and grain handling. Other industries include spray painting shops, aircraft hangars, petrol depots, terminals and garages. These come in hazardous areas because there is a likelihood of presence of flammable vapors, gasses and dust in the atmosphere

18Divisions or zones (gases, vapors and dust) Refineries and chemical plants are divided into areas of risk of release of gas, vapor or dust known as divisions or zones.

Typical gas hazards are from hydrocarbon compounds, but hydrogen and ammonia are common industrial gases that are flammable.In an industrial plant such as a refinery or chemical process plant, handling of large quantities of flammable liquids and gases creates a risk of leaks. In some cases the gas, ignitable vapor or dust is present all the time or for long periods. Other areas would have a dangerous concentration of flammable substances only during process upsets, equipment deterioration between maintenance periods, or during an incident. Typical gas hazards are from hydrocarbon compounds, but hydrogen and ammonia are common industrial gases that are flammable. Refineries and chemical plants are divided into areas of risk of release of gas, vapor or dust known as divisions or zones.

19Safe area Area such as a residence or office would be classed as safe area, as there is a very low risk of causing an explosion and are more of a fire risk. Safe area on chemical and other plant are present where the hazardous gas is diluted to a concentration below 25% of its lower flammability limit.

Division 2 or Zone 2 area In this zone the gas, vapor or mist would only be present under abnormal conditions (most often leaks under abnormal conditions). As a general guide for Zone 2, unwanted substances should only be present under 10 hours/year or 00.1% of the time.

Division 1 or Zone 1 area Gas, vapor or mist will be present or expected to be present for long periods of time under normal operating conditions. As a guide for Zone 1, this can be defined as 101000 hours/year or 0.110% of the time.

Zone 0 area Gas or vapor is present all of the time. An example of this would be the vapor space above the liquid in the top of a tank or drum. The ANSI/NEC classification method consider this environment a Division 1 area. As a guide for Zone 0, this can be defined as over 1000 hours/year or >10% of the time.

Ignition sources may be:

FlamesDirect fired space and process heatingUse of cigarettes/matches etcCutting and welding flamesHot surfacesHeated process vessels such as dryers and furnacesSpace heating equipmentMechanical machineryElectrical equipment and lights

Spontaneous heatingFriction heating or sparksSparks from electrical equipmentStray currents from electrical equipmentElectrostatic discharge sparksLightning strikesElectromagnetic radiation of different wavelengthsVehicles, unless specially designed or modified are likely to contain a range of potential ignition sources

Zones (dusts) Flammable dusts when suspended in air can explode. Zones where toxic dusts are processed, releases into the general atmosphere should be prevented, and the extent of any zone 21 or 22 outside the containment system should be minimal or non-existent.

The inside of different parts of the plant may need to be zoned as 20, 21 or 22, depending on the conditions at particular locations.

Classification of dusts relating to auto-ignition and minimum ignition current is undertaken similarly to gases/ vapors, but involves additional complications. The explosibility of dusts is dependent upon a number of factors:chemical compositionparticle sizeoxygen concentration

Zone definitions

Zone 20: A place in which an explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air is present continuously, or for long periods or frequently.

Zone 21: A place in which an explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air is likely to occur, occasionally, in normal operation.

Zone 22: A place in which an explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air is not likely to occur in normal operation but, if it does occur, will persist for a short period onlyGasses Classification Explosive gases, vapors and dusts have different chemical properties that affect the likelihood and severity of an explosion. Each chemical gas or vapor used in industry is classified into a gas group.

GroupRepresentative GasesGROUP I

MethaneGROUP IIAPropaneGROUP IIB

EthyleneGROUP IIC

HydrogenElements for a Fire (the familiar "Fire Triangle"):

1. Combustible dust (fuel);2. Ignition source (heat); and,3. Oxygen in air (oxidizer).

Additional Elements Needed for a Combustible Dust Explosion:

4. Dispersion of dust particles in sufficient quantity and concentration; and,5. Confinement of the dust cloud.

Combustible Dust Explosion:

A combustible dust explosion hazard may exist in a variety of industries, including: food (e.g., candy, starch, flour, feed), plastics, wood, rubber, furniture, textiles, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, dyes, coal, metals (e.g., aluminum, chromium, iron, magnesium, and zinc), and fossil fuel power generation. The vast majority of natural and synthetic organic materials, as well as some metals, can form combustible dust.

Why GEJ is out for Oil & Gas sector while our competitors fully comply and strictly adhere to the specifications

Jenbacher Gas Engines dont create a Hazardous Zone due to our ventilation system (overpressure, etc.)

Jenbacher Gas Engines are not proofed or qualified for usage in all Hazardous Zones (0, 1, 2, .).Conclusion: Jenbacher Gas Engines dont create a Hazardous Zone but they are also not allowed to be put in a Hazardous Area.

Sufficient fresh air supply and foul air exhaust to limit the level of air pollution from all sources.31How we can improve our product toMeet the market standards Meet the Customer demandComply the Oil & Gas sector, left open for our competitors.

We have to concentrate toimprove our gen-set standard specifications

Interface panelWater pumpsIgnition systemAlternator (IP55 from IP23)The various transducersFuel and Exhaust PipingTurbo chargerEtc.

33Its Time to Spend MoneyWe need to..

Hire a consultant, to guide us comply the stringent regulation of O&G industries Find a Gen-set Packager in Local or International Market to replace the necessary components and Improve the product

ThankYou