CORPORAT.PPT “A company dedicated to a better world through cleaner air” IMPCO ® Low Emission LPG Low Emission LPG Off-Road Engines Off-Road Engines Brian X. Sun Technology & Automotive OEM Division IMPCO Technologies, Inc. Irvine, California
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CORPORAT.PPT
“A company dedicated to a better world through cleaner air”
IMPCO®
Low Emission LPGLow Emission LPGOff-Road EnginesOff-Road Engines
Brian X. Sun
Technology & Automotive OEM DivisionIMPCO Technologies, Inc.
Irvine, California
CORPORAT.PPT
“A company dedicated to a better world through cleaner air”
IMPCO®
Lawn & Garden Equipment StudiedLawn & Garden Equipment Studied
Ø John Deere B-Series 5 HP 14SZ commercial walk-behind mower
• Briggs & Stratton engine, single cylinder, four-cycle,air-cooled, 190cc
Ø TORO 6 HP ProLine SP Recycler mower• Briggs & Stratton engine, single cylinder, four-cycle,
air-cooled, 189cc
Ø John Deere 13hp STX38 HYDRO lawn tractor• Kohler engine, single cylinder, four cycle, air-cooled,
398cc
Ø TORO 18 HP Gear Drive mower with 52" cutting deck• Kohler engine, two-cylinder, four cycle, air-cooled,
624cc
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System DescriptionSystem Description
Ø Pressure RegulatorØ LPG CarburetorØ Fuel Lock-OffØ Electronic Control UnitØ Oxygen SensorØ Air Control ValveØ LPG Fuel Tank
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“A company dedicated to a better world through cleaner air”
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Experimental ApparatusExperimental Apparatus
Ø Hydraulic DynamometerØ Dynamometer ControllerØ CVS SystemØ Data Acquisition SystemØ Emissions Bench
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Small Engine DynamometerSmall Engine Dynamometer
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Dynamometer ControllerDynamometer Controller
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13hp LPG Lawn Tractor13hp LPG Lawn Tractor
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18hp LPG Lawn Mower18hp LPG Lawn Mower
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6hp LPG Lawn Mower6hp LPG Lawn Mower
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“A company dedicated to a better world through cleaner air”
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HC+NOx Emissionsg/kw/h
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
5hp 6hp 13hp 18hp
GasolineLPG
CORPORAT.PPT
“A company dedicated to a better world through cleaner air”
IMPCO®
CO Emissionsg/kw/h
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
5hp 6hp 13hp 18hp
GasolineLPG
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“A company dedicated to a better world through cleaner air”
IMPCO®
Emissions Durability Test13hp Kohler Engine, g/kw/h
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
(HC+NOx)*10 CO
New125h250h
CORPORAT.PPT
“A company dedicated to a better world through cleaner air”
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Emissions Durability Test18hp Kohler Engine, g/kw/h
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
(HC+NOx)*10 CO
New125h250h
CORPORAT.PPT
“A company dedicated to a better world through cleaner air”
IMPCO®
Emissions Durability Test6hp Briggs & Stratton Engine, g/kw/h
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
(HC+NOx)*10 CO
New125h250h375h500h
CORPORAT.PPT
“A company dedicated to a better world through cleaner air”
IMPCO®
LPG-Fueled Lawn & GardenLPG-Fueled Lawn & GardenEquipment – SummaryEquipment – Summary
Ø Low exhaust emissionsØ Easy to convertØ Easy to refuelØ Easy to maintainØ Safe
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LPG-Fueled Industrial EnginesLPG-Fueled Industrial Engines
Ø LSI 25 hp and aboveØ Material handling (forklift, etc.), generator set,
construction equipment, compressor, pumpØ Current technology
• Open-loop System• Air valve-based closed loop control system
Ø Technology in development• Spectrum Project - migrate IMPCO’s automotive
gaseous fuel injection technology to off-road andindustrial SI engine applications.
• Tier II (2004) emission standards and durabilityrequirements will be exceeded.
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Gas Injectors–BackgroundGas Injectors–Background
Ø Designed Specifically for Gaseous Applications• Existing designs suffered from:
Frictional wear with dry gasContamination (clogging) of the orificesInsufficient flow capacity for today’s applications
Ø To address these issues IMPCO:• Sized the orifice to prevent clogging / sticking• Pressure was determined by the flow required
3 Bar (45 PSI) CNG1.17 Bar (17 PSI) LPG
Ø Both ball type and disc types were evaluated• Disc type was determined to be a superior design
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Gaseous Injectors–FeaturesGaseous Injectors–Features
Ø Ease of Manufacturing (Low Cost)• Adaptation of high volume production components• No critical concentric alignment dimensions required• Simple calibration to specific application
Ø Freedom from Frictional Wear (Durability)• No linear moving components• No tight concentric tolerances
Ø Freedom from sticking (Durability)• Completed sour gas test
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Gas Injectors–PerformanceGas Injectors–Performance
Ø Fast Response• 0.0012 seconds on (1.2 millisecond)• 0.0010 seconds off (0.5 millisecond)
Ø High Flow Rate• 2.5 grams / second CNG @ 4.14 bar• Capable of fueling >220 Kilowatt (300 hp) 8 cylinder
Ø Low Leak Rate• <0.5 sccm @ 4.14 Bar (60 PSI)
Ø Completed 435,000,000 cycles of operation• Additional units are now being tested to 500,000,000• A Methanol injector used in competitive gaseous
applications failed after 30,000,000 cycles
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Technical SpecificationsTechnical Specifications
Ø Length 3.07”Ø Diameter (Max) 0.98”Ø Flow Capacity (Static) 2.5 g/s CNGØ Dynamic Range 12.0Ø Working Pressure (CNG) 60 psiØ Working Pressure (Propane) 17 psiØ Fatigue Life >500,000,000
cycles
Intermediate Pressure Regulator
Temperature Sensor
Low Pressure Lockoff
Typical Fuel Pressure & Fuel Management Subsystem
Fuel Rails
LPG Injectors
Pressure Sensor
Fuel RailHose Assembly
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Validation Test PerformedValidation Test Performed
Ø High and Low TemperatureØ VibrationØ Thermal ShockØ Water IntrusionØ Exterior CorrosionØ Internal CorrosionØ Immunity to Conducted TransientsØ Immunity to Jumpstart Voltages
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