Trygghet eller toleranse - forestillinger om oppvekst i by og forstad og 1st confrontation Presentation of social anthropology essay, site and concept “Security and /or tolerance - images of childhood in the city and suburb” Ragnhild Roald Bergen School of Architecture_Diploma 2010_11/03
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Trygghet eller toleranse - forestillinger om oppvekst i by og forstad
og
1st confrontationPresentation of social anthropology essay, site and concept
“Security and /or tolerance - images of childhood in the city and suburb”
Ragnhild Roald
Bergen School of Architecture_Diploma 2010_11/03
Comprehensive urbanisation
Over the last decade Norway has experienced a process of comprehensive urbanisation. 70% of children and young people now grow up in urban areas (01.2001). Central city growth is characterized by young people migrating to study and work - and counteracted by families with chil-dren moving out.
Ragnhild Roald
Bergen School of Architecture_Diploma 2010_11/03
Central Sub-central Suburbs
Bergen is the second largest city in Norway, with 256 600 inhabitants. 34 000 live in central parts of the city (Bergenhus), while the southern suburban area is experienc-ing the greatest degree of growth.
ÅSANE
ARNA
FANA
LODDEFJORD
FYLLINGSDALEN
YTRE SANDVIKEN
MINDE/LANDÅS
INDRE LAKSEVÅG
BERGENHUS
CITY CENTRE
Ragnhild Roald
Bergen School of Architecture_Diploma 2010_11/03
Thesis
I have looked at the modern home in a cultural and historical context, and what we concider good conditions for raising children within the city and suburban areas.
What
- impacts our decision on where to live when we establish ourselves with family?
- does the moving pattern look like, and can it be related to lifecycle and social roles?
- are our images of growing up in the city - or in the suburb?
- values do we look for in the environment we seek to establish in?
- are our expectations - and are they fulfilled?
Ragnhild Roald
Bergen School of Architecture_Diploma 2010_11/03
The home - a carrier of meaning
- owning one’s own house; ecomonic and material security
- expression of social position/status
- model for the society we live in (gender, privacy/public, hierarchy)
- reflects changes in society
Anthropologist M. Gullestad: the threshold is at the same time a barrier and protection,representing the practical and symbolic border between the home and what is outside. She emphasizes the symbolic value of the home, as a carrier of important elements such as: cohesion and identity lifecycle social group of reference safety closeness independence The separation of the private and the public, the others and ourselves, becomes important in order to protect the family unit.
Ragnhild Roald
Bergen School of Architecture_Diploma 2010_11/03
territoriality
“defended neighbourhoods”physically defined
space
two categories:those who belong and
those who do not belong
distancing
“community of limited liability”spatial signstime
building relations graded development“discrete points along a continuum”
Consepts of relations (Gerald D. Suttles, M. Gullestad: Symbolic fences)
Ragnhild Roald
Bergen School of Architecture_Diploma 2010_11/03
A house with a garden
“Husbanken” was established 1946, as a measure to rebuild the country after the 2nd WW.
- self-reliance- equality- primarily single homes and other small houses
Mid `50’s >- progress and rationalization- build more, faster - for the masses- new technology and raised standards
From `70’s >- individual freedom and responsability- critical to planning and regulations- the flexible, self-regulating market
77% live in small houses 50% single home
50’s Husbankhus
Mesterhus
Blinkhus
Ragnhild Roald
Bergen School of Architecture_Diploma 2010_11/03
Many changes - short dis-tances
Society of high mobility - economic growth and ability to adapt.
The relocating follow a fixed pattern, basedon economy and status. The (financial) opportunity obligates continue the process of “moving up”.
The process of moving : Rites de passage - moving between different social states (Betwixt and between, Turner)
The home represents the social state we are in, and reflects our position in the life-cycle. Expectations realted to how we facili-tate the physical conditions surrounding our children - and the family as a whole. The tendency to wait longer before establishing, and increased financial security may con-tribute to an accegerated focus on the fam-ily dwelling, preserving the traditional image of the family.
TIME
STAT
US
OPPORTUNITY
EXPE
CTA
TIONS
Ragnhild Roald
Bergen School of Architecture_Diploma 2010_11/03
City exile
We all live with the memory of a place we have lived before, which we try to recreate. The lives of students and other young people “visiting” the city can be characterized as a condition of constant temporality.
Families with children represent a more stable and predictable condition. They often feel more ownership towards their surroundings, and invest more in the local community.
Ragnhild Roald
Bergen School of Architecture_Diploma 2010_11/03
The interviews
As basis for the essay I have interviewed 8 young families. Most of them lived in the city before they had children - and most of them moved out.
WHY? lack of space lack of suitable outdoor area closer to nature “barnevennlig” social relations (friends and/or family) view - air - peace
- and a simple everyday life .... based on travelling by car
How - and where - we raise our children has a direct influence on the development wich we prepare the basis for. By moving out to the suburbs - to “ones own” home - we prioritize the family. Even though many was forced to move for economic reasons, they rationalize their choices in order to find meaning in their current situation.The choice is made based on our own experiences of childhood, and often try to reestablish former networks.
HOW?
thoroughly developed infrastructure (by foot, bike and public transportation) good, and accessible outdoor areas social arenas for developing community private outdoor space - a simpler everyday and the possibilty to affect your own situation
Getting from A to B?A
B
Ragnhild Roald
Bergen School of Architecture_Diploma 2010_11/03
Do we merely protect our children from the unpredictable dangers of the city, or rather expose them their surroundings, in order to prepare for the society they are going to live in?
Ragnhild Roald
Bergen School of Architecture_Diploma 2010_11/03
Who is the modern family?
Changing constallations, new needs.
The lifecycle is no longer rigid. The average age for establishing is rising, and we ex-tend the city exhile. Many also break out of the family, and later establish a new one. This calls for a more flexible dwelling structure, with smaller units.
Many seek to the city, to escape the social control in more homogenous areas. They find the anonymous life in the city liberating, where deviations from the norm are less stigmatised.
We have been able to continue an expanding development because we have had the space and resources. To counteract a car based development, we need to give more people the opportunity to live a more local life.
Ragnhild Roald
Bergen School of Architecture_Diploma 2010_11/03
Strategies for building in the city
1 Rehabilitation Upgrading Make accessible Join small flats
2 Infill Available plots Parkingareas Demolishing
3 New areas Regulation Former industrial areas Harbour areas
Ragnhild Roald
Bergen School of Architecture_Diploma 2010_11/03
Site
As a part of the regional development there are plans for moving the container hoarbour to Flesland.
Conflicting interests - lack of business ar-eas
DensificationHistoryTemporality
Who are we building for? How does these new big develoment relate to the city? Bergen is cosely connected to the sea. The harbour is the very reason the city exists. How does it affect the city that the harbour is deprived of its function and meaning?
Ragnhild Roald
Bergen School of Architecture_Diploma 2010_11/03
Program
I want to make the city more accessible for families. Dwellings adaptable for diffenring lifeconditions, and make an area inhabitable for peolple of different ages and situations.
new social structures - change, temporality, diviation, fragmentation
The whole city is the community - opportunitiesEvery stranger is an potential new acquaintance
Traditional ideas of community demand presence and commitment. Community in the city also involves confrontation and conflicting interests. Contribute on different premis-es. A community which sets the framework for, but not dependent on, an active local community. Room for the private in the public.