Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn 121 Prospective member countries 31 Signatory countries 5 countries ratified ( India, France , Nauru , Mauritius, and Fiji ) Presentation by H.E. Mr. Upendra Tripathy Former Secretary to Government of India & Interim Director General, International Solar Alliance (ISA)
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Tropic of
Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
121 Prospective member countries
31 Signatory countries
5 countries ratified
( India, France, Nauru, Mauritius, and Fiji )
Presentation by H.E. Mr. Upendra Tripathy
Former Secretary to Government of India
&
Interim Director General, International Solar Alliance (ISA)
ISA has invited ADB, IFC, NDB, AIIB, AfDB, Latin American Development Bank, EIB,GCF etc. to strive for:
a) A global mechanism to reduce the cost of hedging and to create innovative
financial mechanism (credit risk guarantee fund, first loss facility, security
payment mechanism, etc.) ;
b) Raising loans and green bonds in local currency for solar projects and
c) Earmark at least 15 % of credit for solar sector and give a five year credit roadmap;
Affordable Finance at Scale Programme
Measures for accessing “Affordable Finance at Scale’’
• Standardization of transaction documents • Power Purchase Agreements (PPA)
• Request for Proposal (RfP)
• O&M Contract documents
• Trustee Agreements
• Trust & Retention Account (TRA)
• Conducive Policy Regime • Long term visible policies
• Regulatory support
• Risk Mitigation Mechanisms • Political Risk
• Hedging Risk
• Technological risks
• Financial risks
• Project implementation risks
• Power off-take risks
• Quality issues
• Performance & efficiency risks
• Capabilities of Banks and FIs to raise resources to the tune of US$ 1000 Bn by 2030.
Possible Solutions for raising affordable finance
• To raise resources at scale, there is a need:
• To address power off-take risks
• To address default risks in case of off-grid projects
• To tap low cost of funds through exploring bond markets, pension / provident funds etc
• To reduce cost of funds through long term credit facilities (buyer’s credit)
• Innovative financing products / models that may be replicated by FIs for raising & reducing cost of funds, in ISA member countries.
A. “First Loss Facility” for Access to Energy Projects
B. “Credit Enhancement Scheme”, for enhancing credit rating of project Bonds
C. Letter of Comfort for opening of Letter of Credit
D. Partial “Payment Security Mechanism” for timely payments
• To encourage ISA members to support each other and create newer instruments.
7
Solar Finance - Where is the money?
• USD 60.8 Trillion : Total Asset Under Management (AUM) of top 400 global funds (Investments & Pensions Europe; as on December 31, 2014)
USD 15.0 Trillion with top 8 global funds
• USD 3.4 Trillion : divestments/commitment to divest of corporations & institutions from fossil fuel investments
• As per OECD estimates:
USD 0.96 Trillion - new contribution into global pension funds annually
USD 1.84 Trillion - global premiums generated from annuity and life insurances annually
• USD 149.5 Billion – Global solar investments in 2014 (REN21); >55% of total RE investments
• USD 100 Billion – Green Bonds issuance till date (USD 41.8 Bn in 2015)
Source: World Bank, Yes Bank, IFC and IDFC joint presentation in the 2nd ISC meeting on 18 January 2016
Proposed Global Risk Mitigation Fund
GCF 33%
Multilateral Banks 34%
Investing Countries with ODA
Budget 33%
Source: OECD
Total Official Development Assistance (ODA) by countries in US $ Million
127104 120319 135770
145386 148654 155544
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Am
ou
nt
Year
54021 60390 59087 61688
66709
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Am
ou
nt
Year
Source: OECD
Total Concessional and Non-concessional Flows by Multilateral Organisations in US $ Million
Thank You
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
• Total Per Year requirement = 6 billion US $ (20% of 30 billion US$)
• Investing Countries with ODA Budget
2 Billion US$ from their total contribution e.g. 3.86 % of their 2015 figures
• Multilateral Banks Concessional and Non-concessional Flows
2 Billion US$ from their total disbursements e.g. 8.99 % of their 2015 figures
• In 2016, new investments in clean energy worldwide fell by 18% compared to last year. • Investments down in Chinese and Japanese markets by 26% & 43% respectively. • Chinese slowdown and falling costs of solar power were two major reasons for lower investments. • Through overall investments in clean energy was down in 2016, total capacity installed in solar increased to 73 GW as
compared to 56 GW in 2015. • Investments in off-shore wind up by 41% in 2016. • Biggest category of investment in clean energy in 2016 was through “asset finance of utility-scale” projects. • Venture capital and private equity investment rose by 19% in 2016.
Solar 40%
Wind 39%
Smart Technologies
14%
Biomass 2%
Biofuels 1%
Small Hydro 1%
Low-Carbon Services
2%
Geothermal 1%
Marine 0%
Sector-wise Investment Profile - 2016
Global Clean Energy Investments
Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance
Factors leading to reduction in solar tariffs
- Payment security with NTPC and SECI as the power off-takers in most bids
- Three month payment guarantee in case of delays from the distribution company
Guarantee by Off-takers
- Enables developers to lower their bids in real time
- Promotes competition with transparent lower tariffs
Online reverse bidding
- Large scale projects being bid result in economies of scale
- Faster and easier implementation of projects
- Common pool of resources and better network utilisation
Scale of projects and Solar Parks
Reduction in EPC costs Entry of major global players
De-risked Bidding
Reduced technology costs
Strong competition with lower margins for EPC’s
Larger pool of investors
Concessional financing
ISA Programme “Affordable Finance at Scale”
• ISA aims 1,000 GW of solar capacity by 2030 across its member countries.
• Mobilization of more than US $ 1000 billion of investments that are nedded by 2030 through various financial instruments
• Reduced cost of finance through Innovative financial instruments - Critical Factor.
Affordable Finance at Scale Programme: Other Objectives
• Design & adopt converging best practices for setting up large scale portfolios of
projects eligible to common credit enhancement mechanisms
• Make projects bankable and reduce risk perception by adopting common set of
contractual documentation and practices for Power Purchase Agreements in public
tenders and power procurement processes
• Establish International Credit Enhancement Mechanism to help de-risk investments
and reduce the cost of financing
• Involve corporate sector through CII,FICCI, and Terrawatt Initiative for finalising the
optimal terms and conditions for investment flows in ISA member countries
• Organize on an annual basis RE-INVEST to establish multi stake holder dialogue
A. ‘First Loss Mechanism’ under KfW Line of Credit for India - “Access to Energy Projects”
• Scheme aims to provide financing to Off-Grid Renewable Energy
Projects/ Systems in remote areas. Systems may include PV
Irrigation Pumps, Lighting systems, Decentralized Systems etc.
• The scheme addresses default risks by Developers ( First loss)
• Under the above credit line, 4 million EUR Extra Grant also
earmarked for 3 different purposes: • € 2 million for DSRA to reduce IREDAs default risk (First Loss) for individual
sub-loans,
• € 1 million to cover default risks of the overall portfolio of IREDA by establishment of a portfolio risk reserve account (PRRA),
• € 1 million to RESCOs after successful commissioning, as a grant.
“First Loss Mechanism” under KFW scheme for India “Access to Energy”
1. Structure of DSRA for an individual sub-loan
First Loss under the scheme has compensation in 2 stages:
1. 1st Stage “First Loss” covered through Debt Service Reserve Account (DSRA)
2. In 2nd Stage, if balance DSRA is insufficient then “First Loss” is compensated to IREDA through “Portfolio
Risk Reserve Account (PRRA)”
Broad terms of the Scheme
• Quantum of loan : upto 70% of the total
project cost
• Minimum promoter contribution : 30% of the project cost
• Maximum Debt Equity Ratio (DER): not more than 3:1
• Repayment Period : upto 7 years
• Interest Rates: : 9.75 % to 11.50%
‘First Loss Mechanism’ under KfW Line of Credit for India “Access to Energy Projects”
B. Credit Enhancement Scheme (CES) - IREDA
• “Credit Enhancement” towards raising bonds in the domestic market by a RE project SPV/holding company
• Instrument helps the project to secure: Reduced interest costs and
Longer tenor of Loans
• Release exposure limits with banks and FIs
Need
• Minimum desired level of rating “AA/AAA” for raising bonds.
• Improves the marketability and liquidity
• Completed projects can retire their existing debt
Credit Enhancement Scheme - Benefits
RE Projects • Reduction in Debt Cost • Longer Repayment Period • Reduction of uncertainty in interest rates • Freeing up exposure limits with Banks/FIs for new projects
Investors • Long term bonds for investment of funds with longer maturity • Good avenue to invest in mandated sector • Bonds would be Guaranteed
Existing Lenders • Freeing up of capital & exposure limits
Credit Enhancement – Structure
RE Project
AA
Bond Issue Programme
Partial Credit
Guarantee BBB
Insurance
Companies
Pension Funds
Commercial
Banks
Inv
esto
rs
Co - Guarantor / Backstop Guarantor
Ratings Scale
Features of IREDA “CES” scheme
Nature of Credit
Enhancement
Unconditional and irrevocable partial credit guarantee
Exposure Limit
Upto 25% of the proposed issue size of the bonds &
Not more than 20% of Capitalized Project Cost
Tenure Upto 15 years
Pricing
Guarantee Fee shall be in the range of 0.5% - 0.8% p.a
(Based on Bond tenure, External Credit Rating etc.)
C. Letter of Comfort (LoC) / Letter of Undertaking for opening Letter of Credit (LC)
• Letter of Credit (LC) – Major requirement under EPC/ equipment supply contracts for
Solar Projects
• Long term LoC facilities - Enable developers to avail cost benefits available under long term credit facilities such as Buyers Credit/ Suppliers Credit etc.
Benefits to Developers (Buyer’s Credit)
• Equipment Supplier gets paid on due date; whereas Developer gets extended date for making an payment to supplier as per the cash flows.
• Developer can negotiate a better discount with Equipment Supplier and use the buyers credit route to avail financing.
• Developer can use this financing for any form of payment mode; open account, collections, or LCs.
IREDA Scheme Letter of Comfort (LoC) / Letter of Undertaking for opening Letter of Credit (LC)
• Period of LoC: up to 3 years
• Maximum Exposure: upto 70% of total IREDA Loan exposure
• Fee Structure:
LoC Type Applicable Fee
For Short Term LoC (Upto 1 year) 0.50% (i.e. the Minimum applicable fee)
For Long Term LoC (beyond 1 year period and maximum upto 3 years
0.65% - 1.25% (Depending on the CRRS rating of the project
D. Partial Payment Security Mechanism (PPSM)
• Delays by DISCOMs in payments to developers impact the cash flows.