Presentation By Dr Sakshi Bhushan Presentation By Dr Sakshi Bhushan Marico Ltd Presented By Dr Bhavna Vaid IDA Convenor
Presentation By Dr Sakshi Bhushan Presentation By Dr Sakshi Bhushan
Marico Ltd
Presented By Dr Bhavna Vaid
IDA Convenor
• Functional
• Lipids are concentrated sources of energy (9 kcal/g)
• Storage form of energy
• Structural components of biomembranes
• Building blocks of glycolipids and phospholipids
• Helps in absorption of fat soluble vitamins
• Sensorial
• Satiety value
• Preservation
• Palatability – Crispiness, Taste
Dietary fat
Visible Invisible Hidden
Fats present asan integralcomponent ofvarious foods(cereals, dairy)
Fats used atthe table orduring cooking(vegetable oils,vanaspati,butter, ghee)
Fats inprocessed andready to eatfoods
Cereals contain only 2-3% of invisible fat. However,their contribution to overall fat intake is significant asthey contribute to bulk of our Indian diets.
Most animal foods provide high amounts of invisiblefat.
As the quality of invisible fat cannot be changed much
Intake of visible fat acquires added significance
Modification of Visible Fat intake
one of the
easiest and actionable dietary changes easiest and actionable dietary changes that can be brought about
high compliance
Group Particulars Body Weight (Kg) Visible Fat (g/day)
Man Sedentary work 60 25
Moderate work 30
Heavy work 40
Woman Sedentary work 55 20
Moderate work 25
Heavy work 30Heavy work 30
Pregnant woman 30
Lactation (0-6 months)
30
6-12 months 30
Boys 10-12 years 34.3 35
Girls 10-12 years 35.0 35
Boys 13-15 years 47.6 45
Girls 13-15 years 46.6 40
Boys 16-17 years 55.4 50
Girls 16-17 years 52.1 35
NIN Guidelines
Nutrient RDA
Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA) <10%
Total Fat calories between 15% to 30%
How much fat (Quality)? How much fat (Quality)?
Source: Nutrient Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for Indians. National Institute of Nutrition,2010.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) 8-10%
Monounsaturated Fatty Acid (MUFA)
N-3 PUFA
By difference
0.6-2%
Low in SAT fatFree of TRANS fat
Balance of SFA:MUFA:PUFA
n6/n3 PUFA ratio to be
5-10:1
0% TFA0% TFA
< 7% SFA< 7% SFA
How much fat (Quality)? How much fat (Quality)?
Up to 10% PUFAn6:n3 – 5:1 to 10:1Up to 10% PUFAn6:n3 – 5:1 to 10:1
Up to15% MUFAUp to15% MUFA
for prevention of metabolic syndrome
adequate intake and optimum balance between n-6 and n-3 PUFA
is considered necessary
groundnut, mustard, rapeseed, cottonseed, soybean, sunflower, ricebran, sesame, safflower and coconut.
Consumption in India driven by local preference and availability
(not by NIN guidelines)
Coconut, groundnut, sesame oil
Mustard/rapeseed oil
Mustard/rapeseed oil
Groundnut oil
Coconut Oil
Rice Bran Oil
Palm Oil
Sunflower Oil
Soyabean Oil
Groundnut Oil Groundnut Oil
Olive Oil
Flaxeed Oil
Mustard Oil
Canola Oil
Seasme Oil
Corn Oil
Safflower Oil
MUFA rich Oils
• Safflower Oil (Oleic rich)
• Groundnut Oil• Olive• Mustard
SFA rich Oils
• Coconut Oil
• Palm Oil
• Mustard• Canola• Rice bran
PUFA rich Oils
• Safflower Oil (linoleic rich)
• Flaxeed Oil• Sunflower Oil• Soyabean Oil• Cottonseed Oil• Corn Oil
Most oils are not close to the
NIN recommendations
Current NIN guidelines suggest that Current NIN guidelines suggest that one should use a
correct combinationOR
a blend of 2 or more vegetable oils to achieve intake of all kinds of fatty acids
NIN 2010
A long process, starting with tadka
When frying foods- temp 165℃
For frying choose an oil with a high smoking pointpoint
Oil should also have high oxidative stability
Flavour of food being cooked should combine well with the flavour of oil
Hydrolysis-Fatty acids, glycerol
Oxidation- aldehydes and ketones
Polymerization- dimers, trimers
Concern about oxidation that occurs with PUFA rich oils at high temperatures
Sunlight degrades the quality of oil hence keep the oil in darkcoloured bottle. Excessive heat or prolonged exposure tolight will speed up deterioration of flavour. Temperaturearound 30 degrees C
If oil has constant access to fresh air, the process ofoxidation starts and oil deteriorate faster. The bottle shouldhave a tight fitting cap.have a tight fitting cap.
Keep oil in clean and dry container because exposure tomoisture will subject oil to oxidation, eventually leading torancidity.
Container should be of glass or stainless steel or tin plated.
The 3 villains – heat, light, air
Don’t store near the stove or window sill
Always strain oil after frying to remove food particlesparticles
Don’t mix the used filtered oil with fresh oil
t is not only quantity but also choice of oil that matter Manage fatty acid composition with rotation
/ right combination or use of blended oilsUse an antioxidant fortified oil
Deep fry at the correct temperature Deep fry at the correct temperature
Do not use oil for refrying. Filter the oil after use, Keep air tight and use for low temperature cooking.
if it has darkened appreciably
if it smells or tastes bad if it smells or tastes bad
if it has thickened
if it forms a froth