Presentation 2 First Aid

Safety - Determine if the area is s afe Mechanis m of injury - Determine the extent of the

illnes s or injury and how it happened Medical information devices - Examine the cas ualty

( .) , , for a MEDIC ALERT Fig necklace brace le t or identification card

Number of cas ualties - Look beyond the firs t, cas ualty you may find others

Bys tanders - As k bys tanders to he lp you find out what happened

Introduce yours e lf - Inform the cas ualty and .bys tanders who you are and that you know firs t aid

Is maintenance of the ABCs Open airway Restore breathing Restore circulation

Universal Distress Signal

Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich Maneuver)

a. Stand behind the casualty. b. Place your arms around the (Fig. 2-2) casualties waist. c. With your fist, place the thumb side against the middle of the abdomen, above the navel and below the tip (xiphoid process) of the (sternum) breastbone. d. Grasp your fist with your other hand. e. Keeping your elbows out, press your fist (Fig. 2-3) into the abdomen with a quick upward thrust.

Place the fingers of your other hand under the (Fig. 2-4) bony part of the chin

Place your fingers behind the angle of the jaw or hook your fingers under the jaw, bring (Fig. 2-5) jaw forward

Fig. 2-4

Fig. 2-5

Check unresponsiveness - Tap or gently shake the casualty, shout, "Are you OK?"

, " "Shout Help - If there is no response from casualty Position casualty - Kneel midway between his or her

hips and shoulders facing the casualty Open airway (Head-tilt/Chin lift or Jaw thrust) Give breaths - Pinch nose, open your mouth, take a

deep breath, and make an air-tight seal around the casualty's mouth

Check pulse - While maintaining an open airway Request medical assistance

Capillaries are very small blood vessels that carry blood to all parts of the body

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart

Arteries are large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Direct pressure is the first and most effective method to control bleeding

( )Raising elevation of an injured arm or leg (extremity) above the level of the heart will help control bleeding

Indirect Pressure In cases of severe bleeding when direct pressure and elevation are not controlling the bleeding, indirect pressure must be used. Bleeding from an artery can be controlled by applying pressure to the appropriate pressure point

1. Anxiety and restlessness.2. Excessive thirst (polydipsia).3. Nausea and vomiting.4. Cool, moist, and pale skin (cold and clammy).5. Rapid breathing (tachypnea).6. Rapid, weak pulse (tachycardia).7. Bruising or discoloration at site of injury

(contusion).

1. Bruise (contusion) - Apply ice or cold pack, with cloth to prevent damage to the skin, to reduce pain and (edema) swelling.

2. Severe internal bleeding: a. Call local emergency or medical personnel. b. Monitor airway, breathing, and circulation

(ABCs). c. Treat for shock. d. Place casualty in most comfortable position. e. Maintain normal body temperature. f. Reassure casualty

If you suspect internal bleeding

Shock is the failure of the heart and blood vessels (circulatory system)

1. Anxiety, restlessness and fainting.

2. Nausea and vomiting.3. Excessive thirst (polydipsia).4. Eyes are vacant, dull

(lackluster), large (dilated) pupils.

5. Shallow, rapid (tachypnea), and irregular breathing.

6. Pale, cold, moist (clammy) skin.7. Weak, rapid (tachycardia), or

absent pulse.