Present perfect & perfect continous

BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR“PRESENT PERFECT TENSE and PRESENT

PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE”

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Present Perfect Tense

There are three basic uses of simple present perfect tense :❶Actions beginning in the past and continuing up to the

present momentExample :→With time references like before, now, ever,

never........before, up till now, so far• She has ever met us(Dia sudah bertemu kami)→With since/for• I’ve lived here since 2000(Saya sudah tinggal disini sejak tahun 2000)

❷Actions which happened at an unspicified time in the past:

→With no time reference at all

• Have you passed your driving test?

→With references to recent time, like, just, recently, already, still, yet.

• I’ve just eaten

• She has already met us

→Repeated/ habitual actions

• I’ve watched him on TV several times.

• I’ve often met her

❸To show a connection in the speaker’s mind between the past and the present. This occurs in two main ways

→The unfinished past

• I’ve written three letters today

→The indefinite past

• i’ve just heard the news

• have you finished that report yet?

FORM OF SETENCES

POSITIVE SETENCE

I have finished my homework

She has finished her homework

He has already finished his homework

Subject Has/have Past participleI/You/we/ they Have (‘ve) Finished

He/ she/ it Has (‘s) Finished

NEGATIVE SETENCE

I have not finished my homework

She has not finished her homework

Subject Haven’t/ hasn’t Past participle

I/You/we/ they Have not (haven’t) Finished

He/ she/ it Has not (hasn’t) Finished

INTEROGATIVE SETENCE

have I finished my homework ?

has she finished her homework ?

Has/have Subject Past participle

Have I/You/we/ they Finished

Has He/ she/ it Finished

Present Perfect Progressive Tense

❶We use the present perfect progressive in place of the simple present perfect when we want to emphasize that something has been in progress throughout a period Instead of saying:

• I’ve typed all day,

• we can say, for emphasis, i’ve been typing all day.

• Depending on context, this may mean I’m still typing or i’ve just recently stopped

❷Some verb like learn, lie, live, rain, sit, sleep,

stand, study, wait, work naturally suggest continuity and we often use them with since and for . we can use them in the simple present perfect tense:

• I’ve waited here for two hours.

• I’ve worked here since 2000

→But we most often use them in the progressive:

• I’ve been waiting here for two hours.

• I’ve been working here since 2000

❸CONTRAST with simple present perfect

The present perfect simple is used when the action is complete and the final achievement is important:

• I’ve run six kilometres

• (NOT I’ve been running six kilometres)

• The present perfect continous is used when the activity is important. We are interested in how someone has been spending time, and the achievement is not important:

• I’ve been running. ( NOT I’ve run)

❹The simple present perfect and the progressive forms mean different things here:

• I’ve been painting this room. It will look good when it’s finished. (the job is unfinished)

• I’ve painted this room. Doesn’t it look good? (the job is definitely finished)

FORM AND SETENCES

POSITIVE SETENCE

Subject Has/have Been Verb-ing

I/you/they/we Have Been Teaching

She/he/it Has been Writing

NEGATIVE SETENCE

I/you/they/we Have not

Haven’t

Been waiting

He/she/it Has not

(hasn’t)

Been waiting

QUESTION SETENCE

Have I/you/they/we Been waiting?

Has He/she/it Been waiting?