Present perfect

PRESENT PERFECT

A. It describes a state, event or habit that started in the past, and continues to the present and may continue into the future. For example: I have lived in this house for six years.

B. It describes an event which was completed sometime in the past, but which has some significance to the present. For example:I’m not hungry just now. I’ve just eaten.

C. It describes an EXPERIENCE you had in the past which you remember clearly. For example: I have done a bungee jump.

D. We use the present perfect form to check that something has been done or completed. For example: Have you finished the washing up yet?

Communicative function

Grammar structure

PRONOUN

AUXILIARYPAST PARTICIPLE

VERBCOMPLEMENT

I/ You/ We/ You / They + HAVE + EATEN + A SANDWICH

I/ You/ We/ You / They + HAVE NOT + EATEN + A SANDWICH

HAVE + I/ You/ We/ You / They + EATEN + A SANDWICH? HE/ SHE/ IT + HAS + EATEN + A SANDWICH

HE/ SHE/ IT + HAS NOT + EATEN + A SANDWICH

HAS + HE/ SHE/ IT + EATEN + A SANDWICH

CONTRACTION I ‘VEYOU ‘VEWE ‘VEYOU‘VETHEY ‘VE

HE’SSHE’SIT’S

When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point in our lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important.

Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.

EXAMPLES:Have you been to Mexico in the last year?I have seen that movie six times in the last month.They have had three tests in the last week.She graduated from university less than three years ago.

She has worked for three different companies so far.My car has broken down three times this week.

TIME EXPRESSIONS

TIME EXPRESSIONS USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-

Continuous Verbs)With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed

Verbs, we use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.

Examples:I have had a cold for two weeks.She has been in England for six months.Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited

to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

TIME EXPRESSIONS ADVERB PLACEMENTThe examples below show the placement for grammar

adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:You have only seen that movie one time.Have you only seen that movie one time?ACTIVE / PASSIVEExamples:Many tourists have visited that castle. ACTIVEThat castle has been visited by many

tourists. PASSIVE

TIME EXPRESSIONS NOTICE"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in

meaning. "Last year" means the year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires simple past. "In the last year" means from 365 days ago until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it requires Present Perfect.

Examples:I went to Mexico last year.

I WENT TO MEXICO IN THE CALENDAR YEAR BEFORE THIS ONE.

I have been to Mexico in the last year.I HAVE BEEN TO MEXICO AT LEAST ONCE AT SOME POINT BETWEEN 365 DAYS AGO AND NOW.

PRONUNCIATION

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zh_DM7qJGWo&feature=fvwrel

TO SEE MORE

http://www.impact-english.com/members/Grammar_Explanations/Maps/PresentPerfect-Map.htm

EXERCISE http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/gramm

ar/tense/2.1.xmlhttp://genkienglish.net/haveyouever.htmand if you have time share your experience

on http://www.voxopop.com/group/3f85988b-bad3-4ee2-a95e-4220762e872f

BIBLIOGRAPHY INFO www.englishforums.com/.../PresentPerfectConfusing.../post.htmwww.englishpage.com › Verb

Tense Tutorial http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zh_DM7qJGWo&feature=fvwrel http://www.impact-english.com/members/Grammar_Explanations/Maps/PresentPerfect-Map.htm http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/grammar/tense/2.1.xml http://www.voxopop.com/group/3f85988b-bad3-4ee2-a95e-4220762e872f IMAGES esl.about.com espocnhol.blogspot.com escuelatic.com bibliotecadeinvestigaciones.wordpress.com commfiles.com eldropbox.com saberesysabores.com.ar es.dreamstime.com chistesdiarios.wordpress.com lahierbaroja.wordpress.com d-salud.blogspot.com tadega.net mamenenglish.blogspot.com wausaukeespanish.pbworks.com blogs.elcomercio.pe effbartontraining.com unibague.edu.co