Prescribed by the National Curriculum and Textbook Board · Tawhid 1 Sura Ikhlas 48 Kufr 2 Verses of Supplication 49 Shirk 3 AI-Hadith Iman Mufassal 4 Sihah Sitta,Hadith on Supplication

Prescribed by the National Curriculum and Textbook Boardas a Textbook for class VII from the academic year 1997

Islamic Studies[For class VII]

Collected and Written byMuhammad Abdul Malek

Dr. Muhammad ShafiqullahHafej Muhammad Lutfar Rahman

Translated byMd. Abdul Mannan

National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Dhaka.

Published byThe National Curriculum and Textbook Board

69-70, Motijheel Commercial Area, Dhaka-1000

[All rights reserved by the Publisher]

First Edition : 2005Reprint : 2007Reprint : 2010Reprint : 2011

Computer Compose Perform Color Graphics (Pvt.) Ltd

Cover Design Nasir Biswas

Design

NCTB, Dhaka

For free distribution from academic year 2010 by the Government of Bangladesh

Preface Education is the key to development. A progressively improved education system largely determines the pace and the quality or national development. To reflect the hopes and aspirations or the people and the socio-economic and cultural reality in the context of the post independent Bangladesh, new textbooks were introduced in the beginning of the 1980s folIowing the recommendations of the National Curriculum and Textbook Committee.

In 1994, in accordance with the need for change and development, the textbooks of lower secondary, secondary and higher secondary were revised and modified. The textbooks from classes -VI to IX were written in 1995. In 2000, almost all the textbooks were rationally evaluated and necessary revision were made. In 2008 the Ministry or Education formed a Task Force for Education. According to the advice and guidance of the Task Force, the cover, spelling and information in the textbooks were updated and corrected.

To make assessment more meaningful and in accordance with the need of the curriculum, Creative Questions and Multiple Choice Questions are given at the end of each chapter. It is hoped that this will reduce the dependency or students on rote memorisation. The students will be able to apply the knowledge they have gained to judge, analyse and evaluate real life situation.

Islamic Studies is a compulsory subject in lower secondary and secondary class. Lower Secondary textbook reflcets the curriculum and learning outcomes. Akayed, Ebatadh, Quran Majid, Hadith sharif, Aklakh and leading an ideal life has been presented briefly in this class. The prineiples of Islam, the ethics and values are presentel in simple language using examples, stories, lives of noble people, so that learners can know about a better life.

This hook or Islamic Studies for class VII is the English Version of the original textbook entitled 'Islam Dharma Shiksha' written in Bangla.

We know that curriculum development is a continuous process on which textbooks are written. Any logical and formative suggestions for improvement will be considered with care. On the event of the golden jubilee of the independence of Bangladesh in 2021, we want to be a part of the ceaseless effort to build a prosperous Bangladesh.

In spite of sincere efforts in translation. Editing and printing inadvertent errors and omissions may be found in the book. However our efforts to make it more refined and impeccable will continue. Any constructive suggestion towards its further improvement will he gratefully considered.

I thank those who have assisted us with their intellect and efforts in the writing, editing and rational evaluation of this book. We hope that the book will be useful for the students for whom it is written.

Prof. Md. Mostafa Kamaluddin Chairman

National Curriculum and Textbook Board

Dhaka.

First Chapter: AI-Aqaid 1-13 Sura Lahab 47Tawhid 1 Sura Ikhlas 48Kufr 2 Verses of Supplication 49Shirk 3 AI-HadithIman Mufassal 4 Sihah Sitta,Hadith on Supplication 50-52Al Asmaul Husna 7 Hadith on Ethics 52Risalat 10 Fourth Chapter : Akhlaq 56-69Wahi 11 Forgiveness 57Akhirat 12 Doing good to others 58Sirat, Mizan 13 Decency 59Second Chapter: Ibadat 17-33 Service to the creatures 60Iqamatus Salat 17 Trust 61Jamaat 18 Dignity of Labour 62Muqtadi 19 Truthfulness 63Salatul Masbuq, Salat of Musafir 19 Co-operation in righteous deeds and 64Salat of Sick 20 non-co-operation in evil deeds 64Salat of Jumua 21 Condemnable character, Envy 65Salatul'Id 22 Anger 66Salatul Janaza 24 Greed 67Salatul Tarabih 26 Cheating, Hijacking 67-68Salatul Tahaijud 27 Disobedience to the parents 69Salatul Ishraq, Salatul Awwabin 28 Fifth Chapter: Model Biographies 72-86Sawm 28 Hazrat Ismail (As) 72As-Sahri,Iftar 31 Hazrat Yusuf(As) 73Qaza and Kaffara of Sawm 32 Hazrat Aiyub (As) 75AI-I'tikaf 33 Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) 76Sadaqatul Fitr 33 Hazrat Hamza (RA) 78Third Chapter: Study of Quran Hazrat Fatima (RA) 79Majid and Hadith Sharif 37-52 Hazrat Bilal (RA) 80Quran Majid 37 Hazrat Khalid Ibn Walid (Ra) 81Tajwid 39 Hazrat Imam Shafiye (R) 83Nazira Tilawat 41 Hazrat Muyeenuddin Chisty (R) 83Sura Adiyat 42 Sheik Sharafuddin Abu Tawama (R) 84Sura Al Quria 43 Maulana Karamat Ali Jaunpuri (R) 86Sura Takathur 45

Table of ContentsContents Page no.Contents Page no.

Forma-1, Islamic Studies-VII

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

Chapter-1

Al-Aqaid The word Aqaid ( ) is plural of Aqidah ( ) meaning articles of faith. In

other words, to have faith in the fundamental articles of Islam is Aqaid, As for

example : Tawhid, Risalat, Akhirat etc.

Tawhid Meaning and introduction

Tawhid means monotheism, to profess belief in one Allah. In Islamic

terminology, to have heartfelt conviction and to acknowledge Allah the Almighty as

the only authority to be worshipped as creator, the cherisher and sustainer is called

Tawhid.

Importance

The main theme of Islam is the full conviction in Allah. And the main subject matter

of faith in Allah is the faith in Tawhid. By Iman we declare 'LA ILAHA- ILLALLAH'

there is none to be worshipped except Allah. By this declaration we

accept all the rules and regulations of Islam. All the injunctions and teachings of Islam

are based on the belief in Tawhid.

Throughout ages, men have become derailed by going far away from the teachings of

Tawhid. They have enslaved themselves to innumerable creations of Allah. Sometimes

they bowed down their heads to the sun, the moon, the stars, the planets, considering

them as the source of power .

Sometimes they worshipped fire. Sometimes they worshipped influential person

considering him ,as the source of power. Sometimes they bowed their heads down to

some imaginary idol. Again sometimes, losing balance, .man has declared himself as

the lord, worthy of being worshipped by other people. In order to safeguard mankind

from these misguided ideologies and to free them from bondage of innumerable gods,

Allah sent many prophets throughout ages.

The Prophets have taught mankind Tawhid. They had to suffer a lot in establishing Tawhid.

They had to struggle through out life. All Prophets, right from the first one, Hazrat Adam

(As) down to the last Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) have preached Tawhid.

Al-Aqaid 1

A believer in Tawhid does not bow his head down to any person, power or nature.

This belief awakens self-consciousness and self respect in a man. It builds up unity

among mankind getting rid off all differences. As a result liberal attitude is created

among men. Men become inspired for good deeds. A believer in Tawhid is a peace-

loving man as he is bestowed by Allah with power and courage.

Significance

How beautiful our earth is! There is the vast sky over our heads. In it shine the sun, the

moon, the stars and the planets. Numerous milky ways and nebula are there. These are

directed in a planned way since the beginning of the creation. There are no collisions

or conflicts in them. There are rivers and canals, seas and oceans, hills and mountains.

These are run in a regulated manner. There is no irregularity in the rotation of day and

night and the position of stars and planets. This proves that there is an Almighty

Creator and Controller of this vast universe. Had there been more than one creator,

there would have been no such discipline. Referring to this, Allah Almighty says

Meaning: ''If there were in the heavens and the earth, other gods besides Allah, there

would have been confusion in both." (Ambiyaa 21:22)

In fact had there been more than one creator, there would have been disturbance, in the

eternal discipline of the universe. It is natural that there would be chaos in a country if

there were more than one ruler in that country. Allah Almighty says, "There is no god

along with Allah. (If there were many gods), each god would have taken away what he

had created and some would have lorded it over others.' (Muminun 23:91) This proves

that there is only one creator for everything in this entire universe. He is Allah, the

greatest. He is one, unique and incomparable, This belief is called Tawhid.

We learn from this lesson1. The meaning and introduction of Tawhid.

2. The importance of Tawhid.

3. The singificance of Tawhid.

We will believe in Tawhid. We will acknowledge Allah Almighty as the Owner of all

powers. We will worship Him alone; we shall be blessed with His grace.

Kufr ( ) Disbelief in the fundamental principles of Islam is Kufr. Dictionary meaning of the

2 Islam-Shiksha

word Kufr is to cover, to conceal, to be ungrateful, to disbelieve and to deny. In

Islamic terminology, disbelief in and rejection of the existence of Allah is Kufr.

Rejection on any of the injunctions of Islam established with certainty by the Quran

and Hadith is regarded as Kufr. Anybody involved in Kufr is called Kafir .

Kufr is opposed to Iman. Disbelief or rejection of anyone of the items like Allah's

oneness, angels, revealed Books, Prophets and Messengers, predestination (Taqdir),

the Day of Judgement (Qiyamat) is Kufr. Belie fin Allah and the Prophet makes it

obligatory to follow their commands and to avoid their prohibitions. Disbelief in

Allah's specific commands and prohibitions is also Kufr. Salat, Sawm, Hajj, Zakat etc

are Farz (binding, obligatory) in Islam. These are to be observed without fail. If

anybody disbelieves them or prevents anybody from observing them, he will be

treated as Kafir.

Similarly to consider any of the prohibited things like wine, gambling, interest,

murder etc. as permissible is an act of Kufr.

Evil consequences of Kufr

A kafir person is ungrateful to the merciful Allah. A kafir denies His absolute

authority and is a rebel to His discipline, rules and regulations. Severe punishment is

scheduled for a Kafir.

Allah Almighty says-

Meaning: "And those who reject faith and belief our Signs, they shall be companions

of fire they shall abide therein." (Baqara 2: 39)

If the rebel Kafir sincerely solicits pardon, turns towards Him, repents, becomes

penitent and resolves to desist from heinous activities, he may hope for being pardoned.

Shirk

Shirk means partnership, In other words it means belief in more than one

creator, controller and 'Ilah'. To deem anybody to be a partner of Almighty Allah or to

consider anyone to be His equal is called shirk. To include anyone in worship of Allah

is also regarded as shirk. Whoever commits shirk, is called Mushrik To

consider anybody to be of equal quality or equal power with Almighty Allah, the

creator of the universe or to worship Him is virtually a rebellion against Allah. Allah

may, if He is pleased, pardon any offence. But He will not pardon a man who commits

shirk. In the Holy Quran it is said in this connection-

Al-Aqaid 3

Meaning: "Allah does not forgive (the sin of ) joining other gods with Him; But He

forgives whom He pleases other sins than this." (Nisa 4:116).

Shirk was the worst sin committed in pre-Islamic days. Therefore our beloved Prophet

Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) spent thirteen years of prophetic life in getting rid of shirk.

He endeavored hard to imprint in the minds of men the faith in oneness of Allah.

Evil effects of ShirkShirk is not only an unpardonable sin, it causes self-degradation to those who are

soiled with shirk. Allah Almighty has created men for His worship. He has created all

other things for their benefit. Men have been endowed with such qualities that they

can utilize all other creations for their benefit for controlling them. But the mushrik

bows down his head to those creations. This is utter disgrace for humanity.

Division is created in society due to Shirk. Environment is polluted. Peace and

tranquility is lost. Life of men becomes unbearable. Shirk is an unpardonable sin. But

Allah Almighty may, if He so wishes, forgive one who sincerely prays for His

forgiveness.

We learnt from this lesson1. Introduction to Shirk and Kufr.

2. Evil effects of Shirk and Kufr.

We will keep ourselves aloof from Shirk. We shall be blessed with the grace of Allah.

Our lives will be graceful.

Iman Mufassal

Pronounciation

Amantu billahi

Wa malaikatihi

Wa kutubihi

Wa rusulihi

Wal yaomil akhiri

Wal qadri khairihi wa sharrihi

Minallahi Ta'ala

Walba'asi ba'dal maut

4 Islam-Shiksha

Meaning : "I plight faith-I. In Allah 2. In His angels 3. In His Kitabs (Books) 4. In

His Prophets 5. In the Day of judgement-(Qiyamat) 6. In Predestination (Taqdir)- its

good and bad are determined from Allah. 7. In resurrection after death."

Explanation and significance

Iman means faith, Mufassal means detailed. Iman mufassal means detailed faith.

Articles of faith have been elaborately described in this kalima. In other words, it has

been narrated in it what are the items in which Iman is necessary. Seven articles of

faith have been stated in this Kalima.

1. Belief in Allah.

First of all we must believe in Allah. In this regard, following matters are

to be believed in-

a. Entity and attributes of Allah are eternal and everlasting.He is ever existent. He is the First, He is the Last and He alone was there where there

was nothing. He alone will be there when nothing will remain.

b. Allah alone is the creator the owner of the entire universe.

This beautiful earth, the sun, the moon, the stars the planets seas and bays, mountains

and hills, living beings and animals, trees and plants whatever is there-He alone is the

Creator, Lord, Cherisher and Sustainer or everything.

c. He alone is the director of the entire universe.

Allah Almighty directs the entire universe. Every one lives and dies according to His

directive. No one has any share in His power.

d. He alone deserves to be worshipped and obeyed.

No entity except Allah deserves worship of human being. He is eternal, immortal,

omnipotent and incomparable. He is the only being to be worshipped.

2. Belief in Angels.The Angels are created from 'Nur'. They are invisible. They may assume any shape

according to the command of Allah. Nobody, except Allah, knows their exact number.

They need no food or sleep. The remembrance of Allah is their life. They are ever

ready to carry out the command of Allah. Among the angels, four are especially

famous. (a) Hazrat Jibriel (As) who communicated the message of Allah to the

Prophets. (b) Hazrat Michael (As) who distributes the livelihood of the living beings.

(c) Hazrat Ajrail (As) who takes away the soul of the living beings. (d) Hazrat Israfil

(As) who is waiting with the trumpet for the command of Allah. On the command

from Allah, he will blow the trumpet and the Day of Judgement will begin. Besides,

Angels are engaged in different activities according to the command of Allah.

Al-Aqaid 5

3. Belief in the Kitabs (Books).

We should have faith in the Books of Allah. Allah Almighty has sent throughout ages

His books, to the Prophets for guidance of strayed mankind. Our divine guide Book,

Al Quranul Karim, is the Best of the revealed Books. We should have-faith in the

Books revealed to the earlier Prophets also.

4. Belief in the Prophets

Allah Almighty sent Prophets and Messengers throughout ages for the guidance of

mankind. The first Prophet is Hazrat Adam (As) and the last Prophet is Hazrat

Mohammad (Sm). Besides, many other Prophets and Messengers came to the world.

All of them preached the message of Tawhid. Some of the Messengers were sent to

each and every community. We should have faith in all of them.

5. Belief in Qiyamat

Everything has an end. Death is inevitable after birth. So there is an end to the vast

universe. One day, this beautiful earth will perish at the command of Allah. Living

beings will he resurrected after death for judgement. This is called Qiyamat- the day

of judgement. Qiyamat certainly will occur. But nobody, except Allah, knows exactly

when will it occur. Belief in Qiyamat is a must.

6. Belief in Taqdir-Predestination

Man's fate is in the hands of Allah. Good and bad of fate take place according to the

wishes of Allah. He determines good and bad on the basis of human activities. Allah

the Merciful certainly gives good result for good deeds and bad result for evil deeds.

We do not know what is there in our fate. We should endeavour for our good luck. It is

not at all proper to sit idle depending on fate.

7. Belief in Resurrection

After the ruin of the earth at the command of Allah, everybody will be given new birth

to and will be brought together. This is called Hashr or resurrection. Allah Almighty

will bring everybody to account for all good and bad activities. Those who perform

good deeds in this world will be rewarded by Allah Almighty with Jannat (paradise).

Jannat is an abode of eternal happiness. Those who will enter jannat will live there for

eternity in abso1ute happiness. Those who indulge in bad activities will be sent to

Jahannam (Hell). Jahannam is an abode of extreme sufferings. Those who will enter

Jahannam will be undergoing untold suffering for eternity.

Belief in each of the aforesaid seven items is a must. Whoever does not believe in

anyone of them, will be treated as a nonbeliever. He will have to face severe

punishment hereafter.

6 Islam-Shiksha

We learnt from this lesson

I. Meaning of Iman Mufassal.

2. Explanation and significance of Iman Mufassal.

3. The contents of Iman Mufassal are seven.

We shall have faith in all items of Iman Mufassal. We shall believe heart and soul.

Allah will be pleased. Our life will be a success. We shall be rewarded with Jannat.

AI-Asmaul Husna

Introduction

Allah Almighty has created us. He has created the entire universe. He is the Cherisher

and Sustainer of all creatures. He is the most Merciful. He is Omnipotent. He sees

everything and hears everything. He is the source of all virtues. His qualities are

incomparable to any other's qualities. It is said in The Holy Quran.'

Meaning: "There is nothing whatever like Him." (shura 42:11)

As the existence of Allah is Eternal and Everlasting, similarly His attributes are Eternal and Everlasting. He has many qualitative names, which are known as Asmaul Husna. Asma means names and Husna means the most beautiful. AI-Asmaul Husna means the most beautiful names. Allah Almighty has introduced Himself to us through these names. He has expressed His attributes and has urged us to address Him by these names. He says "The most beautiful names belong to Allah, so call on Him by them, but shun such men as use profanity in His names. (i. e. those who attribute different names to Him.) They will soon be requited." (Araf 7:180).

It is clearly understood from this verse that the Muslims should call on Allah by such names as Allah, Rahman, Rahim, Latif, Khabir etc. not by any other names.

Influence

The influence of AI-Asmaul Husna on individual and society is boundless. These are ideals for human life. Human life should be based on these ideals. As for example, Allah is Merciful, He bestows Mercy on all. We shall be merciful. We shall show kindness to others. Allah is the Creator. We shall be creative. When grown up, we shall enrich the society and country through new discoveries and inventions. Allah is forgiving. We also shall learn to forgive. Allah Grants livehood. We shall also give food to hungry people. Allah Grants peace. We also shall give peace and security to the people. Allah is Forbearing. We also shall be patient during dangers and difficulties. We shall pray to Allah for freedom from calamity.

Al-Aqaid 7

Al-Asmaul Husna makes life of individual and society graceful. Men in society become mutually sympathetic by emulating these attributes. One helps the other. One helps the helpless and orphan.

Men are Allah's best creatures. Allah desires that His attributes become reflected in human beings. Men should emulate His attributes.

It is for this reason that in Islam emphasis is given on emulating the attributes of Allah. It is reported

Meaning : "You emulate the qualities of Allah."

There is no way for becoming nice of good character-man than emulating the attributes of Allah. With the knowledge of Allah's attributes, it becomes easy to follow His commands. It becomes possible to avoid misdeeds. "


1. The meaning of AI-Asmaul Husna.

2. In fluance of AI-Asmaul Husna on human life.

We shall try to understand the significance of AI-Asmaul Husna. We shall earnestly try to lead our lives in the light of these names.

Allahu Hayyun

The word 'Hayyun' means 'The living'. Allahu Hayyun means Allah is Immortal and Ever-living. He faces no death. He has no decay. Infirmity, disease, weariness, slumber or sleep do not touch Him. It is stated in the Holy Quran-

Meaning: "Allah! There is no 'god but He, the living, the Self subsisting, Eternal, No slumber can seize Him nor sleep." (Baqara 2:255).

He was there when there was no creature. Again, He will still be there when all creatures will be destroyed.

Allah Almighty says, "All that! is on earth will perish except existence of thy Lord." (Ar-Rahman .55:26-27)

He grants life to every living being. Allah is Eternal and ever existing. We are His obedient servants. We shall remain vivacious, active. We shall he enterprising. We shall avoid lifelessness. We shall be attentive to our work.

8 Islam-Shiksha

Allahu Qaiyyumun

The word 'Qaiyyumun' means eternal and everlasting. 'Allahu Qayyumun' means Allah is Eternal. He is the Director of everything. Everything in the sky and the earth is under His control. He controls the sun, the moon, the stars, the planets, light and air. The assemblage of stars in the sky takes place under His direction. Roses emit sweet smell; bird's tumult, rivers flow, sun and moon shine (under His direction). Under His direction deserted wasteland turns into populated area, arid earth becomes animate, fountain springs out of desert. He is ever active, He is busy with new work everyday. We shall take leasson from His ever-continuing direction and activities. We shall avoid laziness and shall be more eager to discharge our duties.

Allahu Azizun

The word 'Azizun' means exalted in might. 'Allahu Azizun' means Allah is exalted in might. His authority is boundless. He can do whatever He wishes. None has any power to obstruct His work. No power can make Him incapable. No one can deceive or cheat Him. No one can hoodwink him. Everything is under His control. If He wants to punish a sinner, no one can prevent it. Allah Almighty says

Meaning: "Allah is Exalted in might, Lord of retribution." (Al-e-Imran 3:4)

He completely destroyed the defiant and arrogant 'Ad and Thamud community. He utterly destroyed the vanity of false claimant of divine authority of the oppressor rulers Pharaoh and Nimrud. He caused their disgraceful death. He destroyed the community of Nooh (AS)(Noah) by formidable flood. He annihilated the elephant army of Abraha by small birds. Thus He destroyed throughout ages many powerful oppressive communities. Nobody could obstruct His punishment

We shall realize the importance of 'Aziz' attribute of Allah Almighty. We shall perform good deeds and shall avoid sinful acts. We shall escape Allah's punishment.

Allahu Khabirun

The word 'Khabirun' means to be well acquainted with. 'Allahu Khabirun' means Allah is well acquainted with everything. Nothing is hidden from His knowledge. Nothing is unknown to Him. His knowledge is all pervading. Even if any small things like mustard seed is hidden in a stone or in the sky or inside the earth, Allah is well aware of it. Allah knows even the falling of a leaf of a tree. i.e. the smallest particle is

Al-Aqaid 9

not unknown to Him. He knows what is there in human mind. He knows secret intention, vice or virtue. Allah Almighty says

Meaning: "Verily Allah has full knowledge and is well acquainted (with all things). (Hujurat 49:13)

We shall understand the significance of 'Khabir' attribute of Allah. We shall be always careful, do good deeds and refrain from evil deeds.

Allahu Saburun

The word 'Saburun' means most enduring. 'Allahu Saburun' means Allah is most enduring; there is no limit to His patience. He has bestowed many gifts on man. He has created varied things in order to make human life graceful. He made the earth as coach and the sky as roof for mankind. He has engaged light, air, sun and moon in the service of mankind. But man forgets Allah due to ignorance. They disobey Allah and give up worship of Allah. Even that Allah does not inflict immediate punishment. He remains patient. He gives them chance for return and penitence. Had there been immediate punishment, there would have been no life in the earth. Men would have perished due to their sins and other creatures would have perished due to them. We shall ponder over the significance of , Sa bur' attribute of Allah. We shall have patience during crisis. We shall not take immediate revenge for misconduct of others. Allah will be pleased with us. We shall receive His grace.


1. Meaning and significance of the word 'Hayyun'.

2. Meaning and significance of the word 'Qayyumun',

3. Meaning and significance of the word 'Azizun'.

4. Meaning and significance of the word 'Khabirun'.

5. Meaning and significance of the word 'Saburun'.

Allah is the most enduring. We shall try to emulate this attribute.

Risalat

Meaning and introduction

'Risalat' means message, letter or carrying information. In Islamic termin-

ology, to convey the holy message of Allah to mankind is called Risalat. Those who

discharge this responsibility are called Nabi (Prophet) or Rasul (Messenger). They

10 Islam-Shiksha

were sinless and compassionate for mankind. There is some 'difference between Nabi

and Rasul or Apostle Those to whom, Divine Book or Sahifa

(booklets) was revealed are, called Rasul (Messenger) and to whom no book or

Sahifa was revealed are called Nabi (Prophet). Every Messenger is a Prophet, but every Prophet is not Messenger. Prophets are many in number.

Importance and significance

Prophets and Messengers are the connecting link between Allah and His servants. It is through them Allah Almighty sent His message to mankind. Prophets have shown the right path to the mankind through Books of Allah. Allah Almighty says

Meaning: "We assuredly sent amongst every people an Apostle." (Nahl16:36)

As it is 'Farz' (obligatory) to have faith in Tawhid, similarly belief in Prophets is also obligatory. Belief in every Prophet sent by Allah is a must; oherwise Iman will not be complete. Most of the people who did not believe in the Prophets were destroyed by the wrath of Allah.


1. Meaning and importance of Risalat.

2. Difference between Nabi and Rasul.

We shall acknowledge and have faith in every Prophet to be right. We shall follow the ideals of the Prophet.

Wahi

Meaning an introduction

Wahi means secret word, hint, to send a secret message which remains secret

to others. In the terminology of Shariah, a message sent by Allah revealed to a Prophet is called 'Wahi'.

Allah Almighty sometimes sent Wahi direct and some times through angel. Hazrat Musa (As) went to the mountain of Toor and spoke direct to Allah. Our beloved Prophet (Sm) spoke to Allah during his 'Miraj'. This is direct Wahi. Hazrat Jibriel (As) used to come to the Prophets with Wahi.

Wahi is of two kinds(a) Matlu. It means what is recited. The Glorious Quran is Wahi Matlu because it is recited in Salat.

Al-Aqaid 11

(b) Wahi Ghair Matlu. It means which is not recited. Hadith is called Wahi Ghair Matlu because it is not recited in Salat.

The importance of Wahi is boundless. Wahi is the message of Allah and Allah's message is the Source of all knowledge. We have got the Holy Quran and Hadith through Wahi. The Messenger of Allah did not speak anything of his own except Wahi, Allah Almighty says about him-

Meaning : "He does not say of his own disire. It is no less than Wahi sent to him." (Najm 53:3-4)

Every rule and regulation of Sahriah is from Wahi. It is through Wahi revealed to the Messenger of Allah that we learn about Allah, Akhirat (hereafter), Jannat and Jahannam. Nobody can be a Muslim without having faith in Wahi.

We learnt from this lesson1. Meaning and importance of Wahi.2. Kinds of Wahi.

We shall have faith in Wahi. We shall mould our lives in the light of the Quran and Hadith.

Akhirat

Akhirat means hereafter. In the terminology of Shariah, life after death is

called 'Akhirat'. Grave, Day of Judgement, Resurrection, Mizan, Sirat, Jannat and Jahannam- all are included in Akhirat. Life in this world is temporary. Life in Akhirat is permanent and everlasting. Allah Almighty says-

Meaning: "This life of the present is nothing but (temporary) convenience; it is hereafter that is the home that will last. " (Mumin 40:39)

Belief in Akhirat

Belief in Akhirat is Farz (obligatory). Without belief in Akhirat, belief in Allah, Rasul and Kitab will not be acceptable. Allah Almighty says :

Meaning : "They (believers in their hearts) have the strong belief of the hereafter." (Baqara 2:4)

12 Islam-Shiksha

The consequences of every act in this world will have to be faced in Akhirat. With this belief man cannot indulge in evil deeds. Man naturally becomes enthusiastic for doing good deeds and avoiding evil deeds if he hopes for rewards for good deeds and fears punishment for evil deeds. He always performs good deeds in the hope for getting good reward. He will avoid evil deeds. It is said-

Meaning: "This world is grainfield of hereafter."

The consequences of the activities in this world will have to be faced in Akhirat. No opportunity for 'Amal' or activity will be there. For good deeds in this world, rewards will be multiplied.

We learnt from this lesson1. Meaning of Akhirat.2. Importance of faith in Akhirat.3. Importance of good deeds in this world.We shall firmly believe in Akhirat along with our belief in Allah and the Prophet.

Sirat

Sirat means road. In the terminology of Shariah, it is a bridge, which will be put on Jahannam in the Day of Judgement. Sirat will be thinner than a hair and sharper than a sword. (Muslim)

Every man will have to cross this Sirat. First of all our beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) will pass across this Sirat. Believers will be passing easily according to their good deeds, through Sirat, some at the speed of electricity, some at the speed of air, some at the speed of water, some at the speed of horse and some others at quick steps will cross Sirat. Kafir and Mushrik will fall in Jahannam at the time of crossing Sirat. Some of the sinners among Muslims will also fall in Jahannam. So me other less sinner Muslims will cross Sirat with great difficulty. Belief in Sirat is obligatory.

We learn the meaning and importance of Sirat from this lesson. We shall believe in Sirat.

Mizan

Mizan means balance, a measuring rod, scale, unit of measurement. In the terminology of Shariah, a measuring appliance by which 'Amal' will be measured in the Day of Judgement is called Mizan.

Al-Aqaid 13

There will be two scale pan and a rod in the middle. Every 'Arnal' of mankind will be measured by it. Allah Almighty says-

Meaning : "We shall set up scales of justice for the Day of judgement." (Aembiya 21:47)

Human 'Arnal' even if it is an iota will be brought in the Day of Judgement by Allah Almighty and will be measured in Mizan. Allah Almighty says : "and those whose balance (of good deeds) is heavy, they will attain salvation, but those whose balance is light will be those who have lost their souls, in Hell will they abide." (Muminun 23:102-103)

Sentences with praise to Allah Almighty will fill up the scale pan of virtue in the Day of Judgement. The Messenger of Allah (Sm) says

"Alhamdulillah - 'all praises be to Allah' is a sentence by which scale pan of virtue becomes full." (Muslim). The Prophet (sm) further said, "There are two sentences which" are very dear to the Merciful Allah, easy to pronounce and heavy in the balance. The sentences are :

Meaning: "Glory be to Allah with His praise. Glory be to Allah the Exalted." (Bukhari)


1. Meaning and importance of Mizan.

2. We learnt by which 'Amal' Mizan becomes heavy.

Exercise

Multiple Choice Question

1. The best Asmany kitab is-(a) the Tawrat (b) the Jabur(c) the Injeel (d) the Quran

2. The activities done in this world will result in(a) Grave (b) Akhirat(c) Jannat (d) Hashar

14 Islam-Shiksha

3. Kafir will be the permanent resident of Jahannam because he(a) enjoys the worldly peace and happiness(b) behaves in a double standard way( c) denies the Allah(b) commits 'Kabira Gunah'

4. To believe in takdir(i) makes the mind peaceful(ii) makes man more dependent on Allah(iii) creates interest in education

Which is the correct of the following?(a) i (b) ii(c) i & ii (d) ii & iii

Answer the question 5, 6 & 7 according to the following passage:Babul worships many Idols. He often reads books on Islam Sikkha from his muslim friends by this way he gets a good idea about Islam. After he can realize that he should not worship to the idols rather he should worship to only one God.

5. Babul worshiped many idols so Babul was(a) a Kafir (b) a Fasik(c) a Munafiq (d) a Musrik

6. By reading Islam shikkha Babul came to know about ---(a) Truthfulness (b) Tolerance to others' opinion(c) Piousness (d) Secularism

7. Babul's belief and faith in one God proves his (a) Iman (b) Taqwa(c) Towhid (d) Risalat

Creative Question :1. Kabir does not believe in Allah and says that everything is created automatically.

Sajib says to him. "You are doing 'Kufor', if you read Quran and Hadith your idea will be clear." Then he asked Kabir 'Is this college building built automatically?' Kabir replied in the negative. Then Sajib told, "So think how the earth, the sun and the moon are created. These can not be created automitacally can they?"

Al-Aqaid 15

Allah says, "If there would be more than one God in the sky and in this world except

Allah, both would be destroyed".

(a) What is the meaning of Kufr?

(b) Explain the idea of Kufr.

( c) How can Kabir strengthen his belief to Allah ?

(d) "If there would. be more then one God in the sky and in this world except

Allah, both would be destroyed," Explain the -": Ayat.

2. Summaiya, Arif and their parents were discussing in their house. Arif asked 'which

belief can enter .us to Jannat ? Sumaiya replied, "If we believe in Iman-e- Mufassal

firmly and do our work accordingly, we can reach to Jannat Insaallah."

(a) How many subjects are discussed in Iman-e- Mufassal?

(b) Explain the good and bad sides of Takdir in Iman-e -Mufassal.

(c) Explain how Arif can go to Jannat according to the passage.

(d) "Iman-e- Mufassal has included the basic concepts of Iman"

explain the significance of the speech.

3. Generally many criminals do not get the punishment for their crime in this world.

Abed was thinking whether they would ever get punishment? For this purpose he

asked his teacher, and his teacher replied that some criminals get punishment in

this world and some do not. But every man must get punishment for his crime in

Akhirat. Allah says, "I shall set up a scale of justice in the day of judgment."

Hearing this, Abed got frightened in Akhirat.

(a) What is Akhirat ?

(b) Why is it necessary to believe in Akhirat ?

(c) How the fear of Akhirat can change Abed's life? Explain.

(d) "I shall set up a scale of justice in the day of judgement" explain the Ayat .

16 Islam-Shiksha

Chapter-2

Ibadat

The dictionary meaning of the word Ibadat ( is servitude, worship slavery,

allegiance etc. In technical terminology, Ibadat means obligatory rituals of Islam. As for example Salat, Sawm, Zakat, Hajj etc. in broader sense, Ibadat means leading of life according to the directions given by Allah and exemplified by the Prophet. Allah says :

Meaning : "And I have only created jinns and men that they may serve me." (Zariyat 51 :56)

Iqamatus Salat

'Iqamatun' is an Arabic word. The meaning of the word is to straighten, to make permanent, to stabilize. In the terminology of Shariah, 'Iqamatus Salat' means to perform Salat at fixed time fulfilling all its conditions and regulations.


Allah Almighty says in this connection-

Meaning: "And establish regular Salat." Here Allah has not commanded only to read Salat, but has commanded to establish Salat. Allah Almighty further says :

Meaning: 'Verily Salat is enjoined on believers at stated times." (Nisa 4:103) The Generous Prophet (Sm) said in this connection

Meaning: "Salat is the key to Jannat." He further said:

Meaning: "The difference between a believer servant (Mumin) and a Kafir is giving up of Salat." (Muslim)

The Great Prophet (Sm) has commanded the guardian that boys and girls of seven years are to be ordered to perform Salat and those of ten years are to be admonished if they fail to perform Salat.

The importance of Salat is boundless. Salat is the best way for expressing allegiance and submission of a servant to Allah. A servant may reach maximum nearness to

Ibadat 17

Allah through Salat. Man remains immune from sins if he properly establishes Salat five times a day. Allah says, "Certainly Salat restrains from shameful and unjust deeds." (Ankabut 29:45)

The Generous Prophet (Sm) said, 'The first thing to be taken account of in the Day of Judgement is Salat.' (Tabarani) Salat cannot be given up under any circumstances without valid reasons:

Shariah has laid great emphasis on performing Salat regularly at proper time in proper way. Allah and His Messenger have fixed up the method and time of Salat. So Salat should be performed properly five times a day at the fixed times and in prescribed methods. Salat without fixed time and prescribed method will not be acceptable.


1. Meaning of Iqamatus Salat.

2. Significance and importance of Iqamatus Salat.

We shall perform Salat at due time in proper way. Allah will be pleased with us. Our lives will be graceful. We will enter Jannat in the hereafter.

Jamaat Jamaat means group or congregation. In Islamic terminology, performance of Salat unitedly by one Imam and other followers is called Jamaat.

Importance of Salat with Jamaat

To perform Salat with Jamaat has been emphasized in Shariah. Allah Almighty says-

Meaning: "And bow down your heads with those who bow down." (Baqara 2:43) i.e. perform Salat in Jamaat.

The Generous Prophet (Sm) said about Jamaat, "Salat in Jamaat brings reward twenty seven times greater than Salat alone." (Bukhari and Muslim). The Holy Prophet (Sm) had great liking for persons performing Salat in Jamaat. He never gave up Jamaat. He used to inquire of a person not attending Jamaat and would become displeased for it.

The social importance of Salat in Jamaat is manifold. To perform Salat behind an Imam implies following of a leader. During Salat in Jamaat, there remains no difference between man and man. King and subject, rich and poor, high and low, educated and illiterate all stand in the same row. This reflects national unity among Muslims. We all are men. All of us have to stand before Allah in the same condition. This leasson is learnf from Salat in Jamaat. It becomes easy to inquire of one another

18 Islam-Shiksha

if Salat is performed in Jamaat. It becomes possible to help one another in distress. The feeling of brotherhood becomes strong due to Salat in Jamaat.

We shall realize the importance of Salat in Jamaat and perform Salat in Jamaat.

Muqtadi

Those who perform Salat behind an Imam following him are called Muqtadis. Muqtadi will intend in Salat as : "I am performing Salat behind this Imam." Muqtadi will have to follow the Imam in all the activities of Salat. But the Muqtadi need not recite Sura-qirat. Muqtadis will stand behind Imam. If there is only one Muqtadi, he will stand to the right of Imam slightly behind him.

We learnt from this lesson1. The method of performing Salat in Jamaat.2. Introduction to the Muqtadi and what he will have to do.

We shall perform Salat in Jamaat regularly. Thus we will derive much reward. The bond of our brotherhood will be very strong.

Salatul-Mashuq

A man who joins in Salat with Imam after one or more than one Rakat over is called Masbuq.

Method of performing Salat by Masbuq

A person will join the Imam in whatever condition he finds him in Salat. After that he will perform Ruku and Sajdah as usual and then sit for Tashahhud. He will not follow the Imam in Salam, rather he will stand up and will complete the left out portion reciting Auzubillah, Bismillah and then Sura Fathia along with another Sura. After that he will perform Ruku and Sajdah, therafter recite as usual Tashahhud, Darud, Dua Masura. Then he will complete the Salat with Salam.

If the Muqtadi joins the Imam when the latter is performing last sitting, he will, after Salam of Imam finish the left out portion in the above mentioned manner. In other words he will perform that portion as he does when performing Salat alone. The portion which he shares with Imam with Ruku will be treated as complete. If he joins the Imam after Ruku, he will have to complete that Rakat as Masbuk.

Salat of Musafir

Definition of MusafirMusafir is an Arabic word. It means traveller. A man intending to travel 48 miles,

Ibadat 19

when out of his home is called, in Islamic terminology, a Musafir. A Musafir after reaching his destination will remain a Musafir so long as he does not intend to stay at least for fifteen days. In Shariah, Musafir has been allowed to cut his Salat short. This cutting short is called 'Qasr' in Arabic. It is said in the Holy Quran-

Meaning : "When travel through the earth there is no blame on you if you shorten your Salat." (Nisa 4: 101). The Generous Prophet (Sm) said regarding the Salat of Musafir "This is a gift that Allah Almighty has given you (Musafir). Accept this gift." (Bukhari and Muslim)

Method of Musafir's Salat

Musafir will perform Zuhr, Asr and Isha.s 'Farz' (obligatory) as two Rakats instead of four Rakats each, There is no Qasr in Fajr, Maghrib and Bitr Salat. These are to be performed in full.

We should accept all opportunities and concessions granted by Allah with a delighted mind. Therefore if a Musafir willfully performs Zuhr. Asr or Isha 'Farz" as four Rakats, he will be committing sin because of his rejection of the concession granted by Allah.

Salat of Sick

Method of Salat by sick

A sick man will have to perform Salat till he is in his senses. Howsoever serious the disease may be, he cannot give up Salat unless he is totally incapacitated. If it is painful for him to stand, he will perform Salat sitting with Ruku and Sajdah. If he is unable to perform Ruku and Sajdah he will perform Salat with gesture. In that case he will bow his head more in Sajdah than in Ruku. Gesture will be made with head; gesture with eye is not enough for valid performance of Salat.

Incase of sitting, sick man will sit as in Salat. If he is so weak that he can not sit then he will lie on his back stretching his legs towards Qibla and perform Ruku and Sajdah with gesture. In the alternative he will keep his head towards North, lying on one side and keeping his face towards Qibla, perform his Salat by gesture. If that is also not possible, he will be exempted from performing Salat.

If in that incapacitated condition 24 hours are over i,e. five or less Salats are missed, he will have to perform them as 'Qaza' when he recovers. If more than five Salats are missed he will be exempted from Qaza. If anybody becomes senseless and in that condition more than five Salats are missed, he will not have to perform them as Qaza. If however he is senseless for five or less than five Salats, he will have to perform Qaza after recovery .

20 Islam-Shiksha

Salat of Jumua

On Friday at the time of Zuhr, the Salat, which is performed in place of Zuhr, is called Jumua. Jumua's Jamaat is held in Jumua mosque on every Friday.

Importance

Jumua Salat is Farz (Obligatory). Whoever disbelieves it is a Kafir. If anybody gives it up negligently, he becomes a 'fasiq' (sinner). Jumua's Salat is obligatory on every adult, intelligent, free, Muslim male. Allah Almighty says :

Meaning: "O you who believe! When the call is proclaimed to Salat on Friday, hasten earnestly to the Remembrance of Allah, and leave off business. That is best for you if you but knew." (Jumua 62:9)

Merits (Fazilat)

The merits of Jumua's Salat are manifold. The Holy Prophet (Sm) says 'Whoever goes on foot to perform Salat of Jumua, will be rewarded with a reward equal to that of one years 'Nafl' Saom (fasting). (Tirmizi) The Holy Prophet (Sm) further says 'Whoever takes bath, cleans himself, uses perfume and goes to mosque for offering Jumua Prayer, sits in available place without causing harm to anybody, performs Salat and listens attentively to the Khutba, Allah Almighty forgives all his (Saghira) sins committed since last Jumua till the present one.' (Bukhari)

Severe punishment will have to be suffered if Jumua Salat is given up. 'The Generous Prophet (Sm) said "Whoever gives up three consecutive Jumuas willfully, his heart is sealed up and his heart is turned into that of a Munafiq (hypocrite)." (Tabarani)

Significance

Jumua's Salat has much merit. The people of the area gather in the Salat of Jumua. They visit one another and exchange greetings. It gives an Opportunity to help one another in joy and sorrow. The unity of Muslims become~ strong.

Method of performing Jumua's Salat

The two Rakats of Jumua's Salat are binding, obligatory (Farz). Four Rakats Qablal Jumua before it and four Rakats Ba'dal Jumua after it are Sunnat (commendable Ibadat). Jamaat is a condition for Jumua's Farz. Jumua is not valid without Jamaat. If a man Fails to attend Jumua for some reason or other, he will have to perform Zuhr. It is for this reason Jumua is performed at the time of Zuhr.

Ibadat 21

Two Azans (call) are there for Jumua. The first one at the minerat outside' the mosque and the second one within the mosque in front of the Imam when he sits on the mimber (pulpit). The Imam delivers Khutba standing on the mimber addressing the people before Farz of Jumua. To listen to Khutba is Wajib (unavoidable duty). Speaking or performing other Salat during Khutba is prohibited. After the Khutba is over, two Rakats Farz Jumua like other Farz Salat are to be performed.

We learnt from this lesson1. Introduction to Jumua's Salat.2. Significance and importance of Jumua's Salat.3. Conditions for performing Jumua's Salat.4. Method of performing Jumua's Salat.

We shall regularly perform Jumua's Salat. We shall earn much virtue. We shall never give up this Salat negligently.

Salatul 'Id 'Id means joy. The day of 'Id is a national day of joy and happiness for the Muslims. The Great Prophet (Sm) said "Every nation has a day of festival. Our festival is 'Id." (Bukhariand Muslim) There are two 'Ids in a year- 'Idul fitr and 'Idul Azha. All Muslims of an area gather at the IIdghah. They express gratitude to Allah after performing two Rakats Salat of lId. The Salat of'Id is Wajib (unavoidable duty). Six additional Takbirs are there in 'Id.

'Idul Fitr

Significance

Id means joy and fitr means breaking of Sawm. 'Idul fitr means joy of breaking Sawm. The Muslims observe this festival on the first day of Shawwal after Ramadan. After performing the ritual of Ramadan fixed by Allah Almighty on His servants, the Muslims offer their gratitude to Allah for enabling them to do so. To perform Salat of 'Id is Wajib.

Importance

On this day inquiry about relatives, neighbours and others are to be made. On this day, payment of Sadaqatul fitr is Wajib on the rich. As a result poor and destitute- all can share happiness. Every face beams with delight.

Two activities are Wajib (unavoidable duty) on Idul Fitr day.1. To pay Fitra.2. To perform two Rakats of Id Salat.

22 Islam-Shiksha

Sunnat (commendable Ibadat) acts on the day of 'Id.

1. To bathe.2. To use perfume.3. To put on clean cloth.4. To eat some sweets before Salat.5. To perform Id Salat in a ground.6. To recite Takbir silently while proceeding to 'Idgah.

Takbir of 'Id

Idul Azha

SignificanceThis festival is observed on the 10th of Zilhaj. This festival bears the meamgry of a great sacrifice. The Prophet of Allah Hazrat Ibrahim (As) at the command of Allah was prepared to sacrifice his beloved son Hazrat Ismail (As) for the sake of Allah's pleasure. Knowing that it was the desire of Allah, so Ismail (As) also gladly put his head under a sharp knife. To commemorate this event, the Muslims sacrifice animals every year. Remembering this unparalleled history of sacrifice the Muslims take vow before Allah on this day- "O Allah! as we are shedding blood of animal for your pleasure, similarly, if need be, we shall not hesitate to shed our blood and life."

ImportanceQurbani (sacrifice) is Wajib on every welloff Muslim. It begets great rewards. Iman and Taqwa of the Muslims are tested through this Qurbani. Allah Almighty says- "It is not their meat, not their blood that reaches Allah; it is piety that reaches him." (Hajj 22:37)

The Holy Prophet (Sm) said, 'Before the blood of Qurbani flows on the earth, it becomes accepted." (Tirmizi). He further said, "For every wool of the animal of Qurbani, there is a reward." (Ibn Majah). With the view to be blessed with Allah's pleasure and unlimited reward we shall offer Qurbani with pleasure.

The meat of Qurbani is to be divided into three portions. One portion for self, one for the relatives and neighbours and the third for the poor and the destitute is commendable. In this way the poor will be able to share the happiness of 'Id along with the rich.

Two Wajibs of 'Idul Azha1. To perform two Rakats of 'Id Salat.2. To offer Qurbani.

The Sunnats of'Idul Azha are similar to those of 'Idul Fitr. The only difference is that in 'Idul Fitr to eat something before and in 'Idul Azha after the Salat is Sunnat.

Ibadat 23

Method of performing 'Id SalatId Salat can be performed after the sunrise till prior to midday.

At first we stand in a row and intending Salat shall put one hand on the other after reciting Takbir Tahrima. We shall recite Sana and shall recite three 'Takbirs with Imam. At the time of Takbir hands will be raised to the ears. Hands will remain open at the time of first two Takbirs but at the third Takbir hands will be put one on the other just as in the other Salats. The Imam after completing the first Rakat as usual and before going to Ruku for the second will utter three additional Takbirs. We shall also recite Takbirs along with him, raising hands to the ears and leaving them as usual without putting one on the other. 'On the fourth Takbir we shall perform Ruku. After that we shall complete the Salat as usual. Imam will deliver Khutba after Salat. To listen to Khutba is Wajib.

The Takbir while going to 'Idgah is similar to that of 'Idul Fitr. Only difference being Takbir is to be uttered silently in 'Idul Fitr and loudly in 'Idul Azha.

Reciting of this Takbir from Fajr of the 9th Zilhajj till the Asr of the 13th after each Farz is Wajib. This Takbir is known as Takbir Tashriq.

We learnt from this lesson1. Introduction to 'Idul Fitr and 'Idul Azha.2. Significance and importance of 'Id.3. Method of performing 'Id Salat.

We all shall celebrate 'Id festival in above-mentioned way. Our lives will be graceful.

Salatul Janaza

Introduction

The Salat performed with four Takbirs keeping the dead body in front before it is buried in the grave is called Salatul Janaza. Janaza's Salat is Farz Kifaya (collective obligation). i.e. performing this Salat by some people removes the obligation from all. If nobody performs it everybody in the area will be sharing sin. In this Salat there is no Ruku or Sajdah.

Significance and importance

Man is mortal. Everybody will have to die one day or the other. Living men have many responsibilities towards the dead. To bathe the dead, to put on Kafan cloth, to perform Salatul Janaza and at last to bury him is our "bounden duty. In fact Janaza's Salat is seeking forgiveness for the dead. The more people attend it, the more is the likelihood of it's being accepted. So, the more people attend Janaza, the better. It is proper to circulate the news of death all around so that more people attend Janaza.

24 Islam-Shiksha

The significance and importance of Janaza Salat is boundless. This Salat reminds us that all of us will have to return one day to Allah. Sympathy of man to man is expressed through Janaza.

Method of performing Salatul Janaza

After the dead body is bathed and wrapped in kafan cloth, the Imam will keep it in front and stand adjacent to the bosom. We shall stand behind him. Then we shall silently intend as-

"I am performing Salatul Janaza with four takbirs facing Qibla behind this Imam."

After that we shall raise our hands up to the ears and then put one hand on the other. We shall recite Sana and recite second takbir with Imam without moving the hands. After that we shall recite 'durud' and with Imam shall recite the third takbir and recite the following Dua-

After this Dua, we shall recite the fourth takbir, and complete the Salat with Salam. We shall not raise the hands with takbir. If the dead body is that of a male child, we shall recite the following Dua after the third takbir

In case of female child the following Dus is to be recited

We shall recite while putting the dead body in grave

And shall recite while putting earth on the grave

We learnt from this lesson1. Introduction to Janaza Salat.2. Significance and importance of Janaza.

Ibadat 25

3. Method of performing Janaza Salat.

We shall join Salat of Janaza. We shall pray to Allah for the salvation of the deceased.

Sunnat and Nafl Salat

Salats performed daily is described in the following table :

As described in the table, twelve Rakats Sunnat Muwakkadah are there besides the Farz and Wajib. The Holy Prophet (Sm) himself performed these Salats and encouraged others to perform the same. In describing the merits of these Salats he said 'whoever performs twelve Rakat Salat besides the Farz, Allah Almighty will build a house for him in Jannat.' (Muslim)

Over and above these, there are other Sunnat and Nafl Salat, which are described bellow.

Salatut Tarabih

During the month of Ramadhan, the Salat that is to be performed after Isha and before Bitr is called Salatut Tarabih. This Salat is Sunnat Muwkkadah. The Holy Prophet (Sm) himself performed this Salat and Commanded his companions to perform it. Normally there is no provision for Jamaat in Sunnat Salat. But in Tarabih, Jamaat is Sunnat. This Salat consists of twenty Rakats in all.

Method of performing Salatut Tarabih

During the month of Ramadhan, after 'Isha's Farz and two Rakats Sunnat and before Bitr, twenty Rakats in twos intending Tarabih Salat is to be performed. After each four Rakats some rest is require and the following Dua is to be recited at that time

26 Islam-Shiksha

Time Sunnat Farz Sunnat Wajib

Fajr 2 Rakats 2 Rakats

Zuhr 4 Rakats 4 Rakats 2 Rakats

Asr 4 Rakats

Maghrib 3 Rakats 2 Rakats

Isha 4 Rakats 2 Rakats 3 Rakats

Bitr Salat is to be performed in Jamaat after Tarabih.

Importance and merits of Tarabih Salat

The holy month of Ramadan is a month of mercy and grace. Ramadan month is the best time for getting rid of sin. After completing Swam for the whole day, when the servant of Allah performs twenty Rakats of Tarabih with exhausted body and supplicates Allah with tears in his eyes, Allah becomes very pleased with that servant. This opportunity for the servants of Allah comes only onece in a year. So the beloved servants of Allah taking this opportunity endeavour to be bestowed with His Grace. It is commendable to recite the Holy Quran in full in Tarabih during the month of Ramadan.

The Holy Prophet (Sm) said "whoever performs Tarabih during Ramadan with full conviction and in the hope for reward. Allah will pardon all his sins." (Bukhari)

We learnt from this lesson1. Importance, significance and merits of Tarabih Salat.2. Method of performing Tarabih Salat.

We shall regularly perform Tarabih Salat in Jammat during Ramadan. Allah will be pleased. We shall get many rewards.

Salatut Tahajjud To perform the Salat of Tahajjud is Sunnat. Its importance is boundless. The Holy Prophet (Sm) used to perform this Salat regularly and also encouraged his companions to perform it. In the Holy Quran, great emphasis has been laid on it. Addressing the Holy Prophet (Sm.) Allah Almighty says :

Meaning: "And pray in the small watches of the morning (late night) an additional prayer for you." (Bani Israil17:79)

The Holy Prophet (Sm) said "Tahajjud Salat is the best after farz Salat," (Muslim)

Importance

At dead of night, when a servant of Allah leaving his sleep performs Tahajjud Salat in the hope for attaining nearness to Allah and His Grace, Allah becomes pleased. The servant is spiritually elevated through Tahajjud. By performance; of this Salat, the path of the virtuous life becomes wider.

We shall try to perform Tahajjud Salat regularly. For this Allah will bestow us with His Grace.

Ibadat 27

Time and method of performance

It is preferable to perform Tahajjud Salat at the later half of night. Eight Rakats are Sunnat, yet at least two Rakats, after 'Isha may serve the purpose.

This Salat is to be performed in twos and in the manner of Sunnat Salat. It is better to recite 'Darud' after Tahajjud Salat. It is better to perform Bitr after that.

Salatul Ishraq Ishraq Salat is Sannat-e-Zaida or Nafl. It has much merit. There are many statements in Hadith regarding its merits. It brings many rewards. Ishraq Salat is four Rakats to be performed twice in twos.

Time

Ishraq Salat is to be performed after sunrise. It, is commendable to remain sitting after Fajr and reciting the Holy Quran, Tasbih Tahlil and Durud avoiding any talk or activity. After the rise of the sun completely, this Salat is to be performed.

If anybody performs this Salat after completing some necessary wordly work after Farj, then it is alright though the reward will be less.

We shall be accustomed to perform this Salat in the hope of attaining nearness to Allah and more reward.

Salatul Awwabin

Salatul Awwabin is also a Sunnat-e-Zaida. Many merits of this Salat have been narrated in Hadith. Many rewards can be earned by regularly performing this Salat.

Time and method of performance

Salatul Awwabin may be performed after Maghrib Farz and two Rakat Sunnat till prior to the time of Isha. It is six Rakats to be performed in twos.

In order to attain more rewards we shall be accustomed to perform this Sunnat.

Sunnat Salat before Asr and Isha.

Four Rakat Salat before the Farz of Asr are Sunnat-e-Zaida. The Holy Prophet (Sm) performed this Salat. Four Rakats before Isha's Farz is also commendable. It brings much reward. We shall perform this Salat with the hope of getting more rewards. Yet there will be no sin if this Salat is not performed.

Sawm Sawm is one of the five pillars of Islam.

28 Islam-Shiksha

Meaning

Sawm means to abstain. In the terminology of Shariah, to abstain from food and drink and sensual gratification from Subh-e-Sadiq (dawn) to sunset with the intention of getting 'Sawab' (reward) is called Sawm (fasting).


Observance of Sawm in the month of Ramadhan is Farz on Muslims. Allah Almighty says :

Meaning : "O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you." (Baqara 2:183) Observance of Sawm is Farz. Whoever denies it, becomes a Kafir. Anybody not observing it without valid ground becomes a fasiq and Sinner.

Sawm was obligatory in every Shariah. It is an obligatory Ibadat for all previous ummah. It is sai in the Holy Quran :

Meaning : "As it was prescribed to those before you."

Emphasizing the importance of Sawm the Holy Prophet (Sm) said, "Whoever gives up one Sawm without valid ground or disease, he cannot compensate it even if he observes Sawm throughout his life." (Tirmizi and Abu Daud)

By observing Sawm men become mutually sympathetic. Rich people will be able to realize the sufferings of the poor for leading their lives in starvation and half starvation. So they become encouraged for giving alms and charity. Bad habits like malice, envy, slander, addiction to smoking etc. can easily be given up through Sawm. It is stated in a Hadith

Meaning: "Sawm is like a shield." i.e. Sawm is a weapon of selfdefence in the war against evil propensity. Habit of regulated life in taking food and drinks- formed through Sawm. Many of the diseases are cured due to this Health remains sound.

Objective

The main objective of Sawm is to attain Taqwa (self-restraint), to be Allah-fearing. Allah says-

Meaning : "That you may (learn) self-restraint." Taqwa means fear of Allah. The man, who fears Allah, cannot commit any sin or cause harm to others.

Ibadat 29

Merits

Sawm has much merit. Allah Almighty says- "Ramadan is a (month) in which was sent down the Quran as a guide to mankind, also clear (sigrts) for guidance and Judgement (between right and wrong). So everyone of you who is present (at his home) during the month should spend it in fasting." (Baqara 2: 185)

It is understood from this that the month of Ramadan is a super holy month because the Quran was revealed in this month. The Holy Prophet (Sm) says, "Allah says-

Meaning : "Sawm is only for Me. I Myself will repay for it." (Bukhari and Muslim)

The Holy Prophet (Sm) further said, "whoever observes Sawm with conviction and expecting repayment in Akhirat, all his (Saghira) sins in the past life will be condoned." (Bukhari and Muslim)

This month is a month of patience, of perseverance. The reward of patience is Jannat. The livelihood of the believer is increases in this month. Whoever offers Ifter (breaking of fast) to a fasting man will go, equal reward with the fasting man, but the reward of the latter will not be diminished.

The month of Ramadan has been divided into three arts as per merits. The first part is that of grace, the second part of that of pardon and the third part is that of salvation from Jahannam.

Kinds of Sawm

Sawm is of six kinds; Farz (binding, obligatory); Wajib (unavoidable duty), Sunnat (commendable ibadat), Mustabab (desirble act), Nafl (optional) and Makruh (prohibited)

a. Farz Sawm : To observe Sawm only in the month of Ramadan is Farz in die whole year. Anybody denying it is a Kafir. Qaza of Sawm of Ramadan is also Farz. Anybody not observing at without valid reasons is a fasiq and sinner.

b. Wajib Sawm : Sawm of "manaf (vow) is Wajib. If anyone vows of Sawm, a particular day, it is unavoidable to observe it on that day.

c. Sunnat Sawm : On whatever day the Holy Prophet (Sm) himself observed Sawm and encouraged others to observe the same Sawm on those days are Sunnat. Observance of Sawm on Ashura and Arafa is Sunnat.

d. Mustahab Sawm : To observe Sawm on the 13th, 14th and 15th; of lunar month is Mustahab. To observe Sawm on Monday, Thursday and six days in Shawwal is also Mustahab.

30 Islam-Shiksha

e. Nafl Sawm: Except Farz, Wajib, Sunnat and Mustabab Sawm, all other Sawms are Nafle. Except those days when Sawm is Makruh, Sawm on any other is Nafl.

f. Makruh -Sawm :

(i) Makruh Tahrimi : Which in fact, is strictly prohibited (Haram) e.g. Sawm on two 'Id days and on the 11th, 12th and 13th of Zilhajj.

(ii) Makruh Tanzihi : As for example to observe Sawm on the 10th of Muharram alone without joining it either with the 9th or the 11 th of Muharram.

As-Sahri

Eating and drinking before dawn for the purpose of Sawm is called Sahri. Sahri is Sunnat. The Holy Prophet (Sm) himself used to take Sahri and encouraged others to take it. He said, 'Sahri is an act of 'barkat' ( affluence). You take Sahri. (Bukhari and Muslim)

Iftar

To complete Sawm after sunset by taking something with intention is called Iftar. Iftar is Sunnat. It brings many Sawab. The following Dua is to be recited at the time of Iftar :

Meaning: "O Allah! I observed Sawm for your sake and took Iftar with your gift."

Much reward will be earned if one gives Iftar to others along with taking it himself. The Holy Prophet (Sm) says, "whoever offers Iftar to others will get Sawab' equal to that of the fasting person." (Bayhaqi)

We shall take Iftar and offer it to others in order to get more Sawab and Grace of Allah.

Causes of break of SawmThe causes for which Sawm is broken and one Sawm will have to be observed for the broken one.

1. If one takes something mistakenly and supposing that his Sawm is broken he therefore takes food and drinks deliberately.

2. If water goes to stomach unwillingly at the time of gurgling.

3. If the fasting man is forced to take food or drink.

4. If one takes Sahri mistakenly after dawn supposing that night is not yet over.

5. If one takes Iftar mistakenly before sunset supposing that it is time for Iftar.

6. If one vomits willfully to the extent of full mouth.

7. If one penetrates medicine or some other thing through the way of urme or anus.

Ibadat 31

Causes of Sawm to be Makruh

1. By speaking ill of others or backbiting.

2. By telling a lie, by obscene conduct or by abusing others.

3. By hubble-bubble at the time of gurgling, because thereby water may go down through throat and cause break of Sawm.

4. By not taking Iftar at due time.

5. By wrapping up of cold cloth frequently due to feeling of hot or to gurgle frequently.

Qaza and Kaffara of Sawm

If unwillingly sawm is broken for any reason or sawm is not observed on a valid ground, then oile sawm is to be observed in lieu of one sawm. This is called Qaza.

Reason for which Qaza is needed

1. If the person becomes sick during the month of Ramadhan or goes in 'safar' Goumey), or becomes unable to observe sawm on any other valid ground.

2. If food or drink is taken after dawn supposing it to be night, or Iftar is taken before sunset supposing it to be aftar sunset.

3. Willful vomiting to the extent of full mouth.

4. If one is forced to take food or drink.

5. If water goes down to the stomach unwillingly at the time of gurgling.

6. If after taking something by mistake, someone takes something deliberately thinking that his sawm was broken.

7. If something of the size of a gram attached to the teeth is taken out of mouth and eaten.

In the above circumstances, although the sawm is broken, the whole day is to be passed without food or drink and Qaza is to be observed afterwards.

Kaffara

Willfull giving up of Sawm or breaking it without valid reason entails Qaza (substitute for default) and Kaffara (atonement) as obligatory.

The Kaffara-of Sawm is follows

1. To observe Sawm for two months consecutively.2. If unable to do so, to feed 60 poor persons to their satisfaction two times a day.3. To make a slave free.

32 Islam-Shiksha

If there is a break in observing two months consecutive Sawm, the former Sawm will be void. Again two months Sawm will have to be observed afresh. But there is some exception in case of women.

AL- I'tikaf

Meaning : I'tikaf means to stay, to be detained. In the terminology of

Shariah, to stay in a mosque for Ibadat detached from family is called I'tikaf.


I'tikaf is Sunnat-e-Muakkada-Kifaya (optional). If it is observed by anyone in the locality it will suffice, it nobody observes it, everybody becomes responsible.

The man who observes I'tikaf remains engaged in Allah's Ibadat completely detached from worldly affairs. Thus he remains aloof from sin and useless talk. The tie with Allah becomes strong. Deep impression of fear of Allah is created in his mind due to several days' earnest Ibadat. So he is not led astry by worldly glamour from Allah's Zikr. Ibadat brings peace to his mind.

Merits

I'tikaf has many merits. The Holy Prophet (Sm) used regularly to observe I'tikaf every year. Hazrat Aisha (Ra) says, "the Holy Prophet (Sm) used to observe. I'tikaf in last ten days of every Ramadan. This continued till his demise. After his demise, his wives observed this practice." (Bukhari and Muslim)

The Holy Prophet (Sm) said, 'the man observing I'tikaf remains aloof from sin.' (Ibn Majah)

There is a blissful night called Lailatul Qadr in the month of Ramadan. This night is better than one thousand months. The probability of Lailatul Qadr is greater in the odd nights, especially the 27th night of the last ten days of Ramadan. Observing I'tikaf during this period may bring good luck of attainning Lailatul Qadr.

Method of Observance

I'tikaf on the last ten days of Ramadan is Sunnat. Its minimum period is one day and one night. Mustahab I'tikaf can be observed at any time outside Ramadan. A woman can observe I'tikaf in a fixed place at her own house.

Sadaqatul Fitr

Sadaqatul Fitr is Wajib on a person possessing 71/2 Tolas of gold or 521h. Tolas of silver or any other property of euqal value besides the essential articles for -livelihood on the day of 'Idul Fitr at dawn. This quantity of property is called 'Nisab' in the terminology of Shariah.

Ibadat 33

Significance

The Holy Prophet (Sm) commanded the Muslims for payment of Sadaqatul Fitr in the same year when Sawm was made obligatory. We observe Sawm during the month of Ramadan. We remain dedicated to Allah's Ibadat. Mistakes and errors occur often while discharhing these responsibilities. Sadaqatul Fitr has been made Wajib by Shariah at the end of Ramadan to compensate these errors in Sawm. On receiving' Sadqatul Fitr, the poor and distribute also can share the happiness of 'Id. The bond of fellow-feeling is created among the poor and the rich and the difference is bridged.

Importance and merits

It is narrated in Hadith- 'the errors and defects in Sawm is removed by Sadaqatul Fitr, the poor is provided with food and drink." (Abu Dawd). Even if one does not possess Nisab and yet pays Sadaqatul Fitr in order to attain Allah's pleasure, he will earn boundless reward.

Method of payment

The owner of Nisab will have to pay Sadaqatul Fitr. It is better to pay one or two days before Id. Otherwise it will have to be paid before 'Id Salat.

The quantity of Sadaqatul Fitr

Half-sa' i.e. about 2 kg of wheat or its value.

We shall observe I'tikaf during Ramadhan and at the end of Ramadhan shall distribute Sadaqatul Fitr among the poor and distitute.

Exercise

Multiple choice Question

1. Salat of Jum-a is(a) Sunnat (b) Wajib(c) Farz (d) Mustahab

2. I'tiqafmeans(a) To live (b) To go(c) To stay (d) To perform Sawm.

3. Tahajjud Salat is (a) Mustahab (b) Sunnat(c) Wajib (d) Farz

34 Islam-Shiksha

4. The main purpose of Sawm is(i) To gain taqwa(ii) To be patient(iii) To get forgiveness.

Which of the followings is correct?(a) i (b) ii(c) i & ii (d) ii & iii

5. Parents are told to punish their children at the age of ten to perform salat so that they(a) Can understand that salat is farz for them.(b) Can form a habit of going to mosque.( c) Can carry out the command of their parents.

( d) Can learn salat properly.

Answer the questions 6 and 7 according to the following passage. On the way to Khulna from Dhaka Mr. Harun-or-Rashid was attacked by cardio vascular disease. He got his sense back after two days of his admission to the hospital.

6. Mr Harun-or-Rashid for those two days salat(a) will have to perform Qaja.(b) wou't have to perform Qaja.(c) will have to say salat as he had been ill.(d) will get partial forgiveness for illness.

7. After returning his sense, Mr Barun or Rashid he has to - (i) --perform salat in lying (ii) --perform salat by sitting (ii) --perform salat according to the doctor's suggestion.

Which of the following is the correct? (a) i (b) 11 (c) iii (d) i & ii Creative QuestionsI. Briefing about the significance of the advantages of Sawm, Anas's mother told

him "Sawm is as farz as salat. Allah says about Sawm, "you may attain taqwa from Sawm." The Prophet (Sm) said, "Sawm is like a shield. She further said I

Ibadat 35

am repentant for your father. His Sawm does not go properly. He does not remember Allah at the time of earning and spending money as well as behaving with people. He does whatever he likes."(a) What does Sawm mean ?(b) Describe an advantage of sawm.(c) How does Anas's father become failure in attaining Taqwa and why? Explain.(d) "Sawm is as like as a shield" write with its significance.

2. Mr. Monsur Ahmed performs salat regularly. He gets peace in Ibadat from Allah. During his busy time he performs his salat in jamat when it is time for salat and says his nafal salat. In reply to his friend Nairn, he said that the ties of brotherhood among the muslims can be strengthened by performing salat in jamat.

(a) What is the meaning of Ibadat ?(b) Why does Mr. Mbnsur Ahmed perform salat regularly in jamat?

Explain. (c) Which nafl salat may make the way of attaining the favour of Allah along

with the farz salat of Monsur Ahmed? Explain.(d) Write clearly "The ties of brotherhood among the Muslims can bestrengthened

by performing salat in J amat. " 3. Mr. Yousuf is a businessman. He performs salat and sawm regularly. He is known

as an honest businessman. He has to spend much time for his business, so he cannot sit in itikaf. His wife Asma wants that her husband should sit in itikaf because there is a lot of blessings and advantages in itikaf and Lilatul Qudar. She knows that the great Prophet (Sm) said, "He who performs itikafremains free from sin."

(a) What does itikafmean ?(b) What do you mean by itikaf? Explain.(c) How can Mr. Yousuf perform itikaf in every Ramadan according to the importance

of the Quran and Hadith ? Explain.(d) "He who performs itikaf remains free from sin" write with its significance.

36 Islam-Shiksha

Chapter-3

Study of Quran Majid and Hadith Sharif

Quran Majid

Introduction

The Glorious Quran is the message of Allah Almighty. This is the last and the greatest of revealed Books.' The other revealed Books were revealed for specific area and specific groups of men. Its effectiveness was terminated after the specified time was over. But the Glorious Quran was revealed for the whole world for all time. It guides men to the path of peace. It brings men from darkness to light. To follow Quranic directions is obligatory for all. Allah Almighty says-

Meaning: "And this is a Book which we have revealed as a blessing; so follow it and be righteous, that you may receive mercy." (Anaam 6: 155)

Revelation

The Glorious Quran was revealed to our beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm). At first it was preserved in Lawh Mahfuz (Tablet preserved). It was revealed from it as a whole first to Baitul Izzah in the first sky on Lailatul Qadr in the month of Ramadan.

Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) before his prophethood used to remain in meditation in the cave of Hera searching for truth. In this condition on one auspicious moment Hazrat Gibrail (As) came to him in the cave of Hera from Allah with first five verses of Sura Alaq. He was bestowed with prophethood. At that time he was forty. Different portions of the Quran were being revealed according to the need of mankind in different context and circumstances. Thus the revelation of the whole Quran was completed in 23 years-

Preservation

Whenever a part of the Quran was revealed, the Great Prophet (Sm) himself committed it to memory. He used to direct his companions to memorize it. Those companions who knew the art of writing used to remain always with the PrQphet. Whenever a part of the Quran was revealed, they used t9 write it down. The principal writer was Zaid Ibn Thabit (Ra.) The writing materials were scarce. Paper was not easily available. Therefore the Quran was writting down on small pieces of stone, skin, bones and branches of date palm.

Responsibility for preservation of the Glorious Quran

Allah Almighty Himself has taken the responsibility of preserving the Quran, Allah Almighty says

Meaning : "It is for us to collect it and to promulgate it." (Qiyamah 75: 17)

At the command of the Prophet of Allah (8m) many companions committed the Glorious Quran to memory. Thus it was preserved in the same form as it was revealed. No alteration or change took place in a single verse or even a letter. Allah Almighty says

Meaning : "We have, without doubt, sent down the message and We will assuredly guard it." (Hijr 15 :9)

Compilation

After the demise of Prophet (sm), during the Caliphate (khilafat) of the first Caliph (khalifa) Hazrat Abu Bakr (Ra), a war was waged against imposter Musailima, the great liar. Many Hafizes (who memorize the Quran) were martyred. At that time, on the suggestion from Hazrat Umar (Ra), Caliph Hazrat Abu Bakr (Ra) ordered the chief Wahi writer Hazrat Zaid Ibn Thabit (Ra) to compile the Glorious Quran in the form of a Book. He coIiected different parts of the Quran preserved in writing with different companions. He also sought help from Hafizes of the Quran. Thus he prepared a correct and authentic manuscript of the Quran. This manuscript was kept in safe custody with Hazrat Abu Bakr (Ra) and thereafter with Hazrat Umar (Ra). After the latter's martyrdom, it was placed in the custody of Ummul Muminin Hazrat Hafsa (Ra). During the Caliphate of third Caliph Hazrat-Uthman (Ra) there was apprehension of great calamity due to variation in the mode of recitation of the Quran in different dialects. As a result, the unity of Muslim Ummah was about to be threatened. In these circumstances Hazrat Uthman (Ra) after consultation with prominent companions, formed a committee under the leadership of Hazrat Zaid Ibn Thabit (Ra). This committee brought the copy compiled during the time of Hazrat Abu Bakr (Ra) from the custody of Hazrat Hafsa (Ra) and prepared seven more copies based on the same. After that one copy each was sent to different provinces. It is for this contribution of Hazrat Uthman (Ra) in the preservation of the Quran that he is called Jamiul Quran (the collector of Quran).

38 Islam-Shiksha

We learnt from this lesson1. Introduction to the Quran.2. Briefhistory of preservation and compilation of the Glorious Quran.

Tajwid Tajwid means to arrange, to place in an orderly manner, to beautify. In Islamic terminology, to know the method of proper pronunciation, array letters of the Glorious Quran with place of pronunciation (Makhraj) and mode of pronunciation (Sifat), Madd and Ghunnah is called Tajwid. Makhraj means place of pronunciation and Sifat is specific mode of pronunciation of letters.

Knowledge of Tajwid is essential for reciting the Glorious Quran correctly. To recite the Quran with Tajwid is commanded by Allah Almighty. Allah says-

Meaning: "And recite the Quran in slow, measured rhythmic tones (Muzzammil 73:4)

The merits of reciting the Quran are limitless. On reciting the Quran at least ten virtues (rewards) are earned for every letter. Reciting of the Quran is the best of all Nafl (additional) Ibadat. The Holy Prophet (Sm) said, "Reciting of the Quran is the most valuable Ibadat. Recite the Quran, because it will interced"e in the day of Judgement for the person reciting it." (Muslim) .

The man, for whom the Glorious Quran will intercede, will definitely enter Jannat.

We learnt from this leasson1. Meaning of Tajwid and its necessity.2. Merits of reciting the Quran correctly.

We shall everyday recite the Quran correctly and try to understand the meanmg.

Madd Madd is an Arabic word. Its dictionary meaning is to lengthen, to prolong. In technical sense the right hand letter with vowel point (harkat) of a letter of'madd' with a prolonged tone is called madd. Zer, Zabar and Pesh are called vowel points-harkat.

There are three letters of madd : ( )

The letter of madd is to be recited in a prolonged tone if the following conditions are fulfilled

1. If the letter in the right side of 'Alif occurs with the vowel point

Zabar- e.g.

Quran Majid 39

2. If the 'waw' is with Jazm - and its right hand letter is with Pesh -e.g.

3. If Ya is with Jazm - and its right hand letter is Zer - e.g.

Kinds of MaddMadds are of two kinds - 1. Madd-e-Asli2. Madd-e-Far'l (subordinate madd)

If the letter of madd is with Jazm - (preceded by favorable vowel point) and is not succeded by a letter with Jazm or Harnza or Tashdid then it is called madd-e-asli. This is also called madd-e-tabai. e.g.

In this example is madd-e-asli. Here is with Jazm and its preceding letter is with Pesh.

is madd-e-asli. Here is with Jazm. Its preceding letter is with Zer. is madd-e-asli. Here the letter preceding is and is with Zabar.

Maad-e-asli is to be recited in a prolong tone. The time require to bend naturally a straight finger so that it touches the palm of the hand is called 'one Aliftime'.

In places where vertical Zabar - on a letter, vertical Zer - under a letter or reverse Pese - is there in the Glorious Quran, all these letters are to be recited in a prolong tone. e.g.

In many places of the Glorious Quran there are many signs of long madd like or -

are there. These letters are to be recited in a longer tone. The letter with the first sign are to be prolonged 'three Alifs'.

e.g.

and the letter with the letter sign - is to be prolonged up to 'four Alifs'.

e.g.

Waqf Waqf means to stop, to pause. In technical meaning of Tajwid, the time of interval between two breaths is called waqf. At the time of waqf, the last letter with vowel point will have to be read with Jazm. To recite the last letter with vowel point without giving it Jazm is prohibited. If pause is necessary before the 'sign of waqf (punctuation mark) is there during recitation of a verse, then pause is permissible. But the word on which pause was made will have to be repeated in the recitation. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) used to pause after each verse at the time of reciting Sura Fatiha. The punctuation marks of the Glorious Quran are describe belowo -

40 Islam-Shiksha

~

O - This sign after a sentences indicates the completion of the sentence. This mark is called waqf Tamm. Here pause is necessary.

This is called waqf lazim. To stop here is absolutely necessary.

This is called waqf mutlaq. It is better to stop here.

This is called waqf Zaiz or is permissible to stop or not to stop here, yet pause is good.

This is called waqf Mujawwaz. It is better not to stop here.

This is called waqf murakhkhas. It is better to continue without pause. There is difference of opinion about the pause here, better not to stop.

This is an indication of pause. To stop here is better.

This indicates not to stop. It is not permissible to stop here.

Here stop and non-stop both are allowed, but pause is better. - It is better to continue here.

This is called Sakta. At this mark slight pause is there, but the breath should not be taken afresh.

This is called waqf Muanaqa. If on the right and left side of a verse or aword the said three 'dots' or mark is there, then in one place pause and in the other continuation is required.

- Waqfun Nabi. Here the Prophet (Sm) had stopped.

-Waqfu Jabriel. To pause here brings blessing.

-Waqfu ghufran - Pardon is expected on the pause here.

Nazira Tilawat

Allah Almighty has blessed us with many graces. Of his innumerable graces the grace of the Holy Quran is one of the best. There are many merits of the recitation of the Quran. Whoever recites the Glorious Quran and acts accordingly, Allah Almighty will grant him great honour and status in hereafter. His parents will be honoured with a crown, which will be brighter than the light of the sun.

Decorum of reciting the Quran1. To recite the Quran attentively with ablution.2. To avoid talking, laughing and bantering during recitation.3. To recite in slow measured tones.

Islamic Studies 41

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

In this class students will learn to recite correctly looking at the Quran from the fifth Ruku (section) to the eighth Ruku of Sura Baqara. At first the teacher will recite. After that the student will recite. The teacher will listen to it. He will rectify if there is any mistake. The students will again recite and make the teacher listen. Thus the students will learn to recite the Quran correctly. They will recite regularly.

Sura Adiyat

(Revealed in Makka. Number of verses-II)

The first word is AI-Adiyat. The Sura has been named after it. We shall memorize the Sura and learn its meaning.

Word meaning:

- The steeds that run, horse. - With panting breath. - Steeds

that strike sparks of fire. -By striking with hoofs. -Attacking.

. -In the morning. -Raise. -Dust. -Ungratefull. -

Wealth. -Will be scattered abroad. -Well acquainted with

Translation

In the name of Allah, Moat Gracious, Most Merciful.

1. By the steeds that run with panting (breath),

2. And strike sparks of fire,

3. And push home the charge in the mornmg

4. And raise the dust in clouds,

5. And pentrate forthwith into the midst of the foreign masse,

6. Truly Man is ungrateful to his Lord,

7. And to that he bears witness.

8. And he is violent in his love of wealth,

9. Does tie not knwo-when that which is in graves is scattered abroad,

42 Islamic Studies

10. And that which is in (human) breasts is made known?

11. That their Lord had been well- acquainted with them (even to) that day.?

The Arab society was uncivilized. Looting and extensive bloodshed was their everyday's function. They used to forget Akhirat due to excessive attachment to wealth. Cautioning all men forgetful of Akhirat, Allah Almighty says that He would revive men after their death and would expose their evil thoughts before them. He would adjudicate accordingly.

We learn from this Sura

1. Generally men are ungrateful to Allah Almighty.

2. Men are naturally very greedy.

3. Greed for more wealth makes man go astray.

4. All men will be revived in Akhirat.

5. All of them will observe their activities. They will observe, their evil thoughts present before them. They will be judged accordingly.

Sura Al Quria

(Revealed in Makka. Number of verses-II)

The Sura has been named after the first word of the Sura 'AI Qaria'. Qaria means one who strikes hard. Here it means Qiyamat or the Day of Judgement. The terrible scene and the adjudication thereafter in Qiyamat has been depicted in this Sura. Considered from this point, the nomenclature of this Sura has deep harmony with the subject matter.

We shall memorize the Sura and lern its meaning.

Word meaning

-Hard hitter, Qiyamat. - Insect. - Scattered.

- Mountains. - Coloured wool. - Carded.

- Heavy. - Balances. - Place.

Islamic Studies 43

-Bottomless pit, name of juhannam. - Burning, heated.

Translation

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious Most Merciful.

1. The (Day) of Calamity.

2. What is the (Day) of Calamity?

3. And what will explain to you what the (Day) of Calamity is?

4. A Day wherein Men will be like moths scattered about.

5. And the mountains will be like carded wool.

6. Then, he whose balance (of good deeds) will be heavy,

7. Will live a pleasant life,

8. But whose balance (of good deeds) will be light

9. Will have his home in a (bottomless) Pit.

10. And what will explain to you what this is?

11. A tire blazing firecely!

In the first three verses of Sura Qariah (Qiyamat) has been repeated thrice in order to bring to notice the terrible occurrence of Qiyamat. In next two verses it is described that on that day people will be running around as the Jnsects fly in a scattered manner around light.

Heavy mountains will be uprooted from their places and will move through the air like 'carded wool. In the last six verses it is said that those, whose scale-pan of virtue will be heavy on the Day of Judgement will be blessed with happy life in Jannat. Those, whose scale-pan of virtue will be light will be thrown in the depth of Jahannam.

44 Islamic Studies

Recitation of this Sura teaches us

1. The world is temporary.

2. One day everything in this, world will be destroyed. That will be the Day of Judgement.

3. After that, in the ground of resurrection good and bad deeds of people will be weighed.

4. Those, whose good deeds will be more (heavier), will live a happy life. On the other hand those with more bad deeds will be burning for eternity in the fire of Jahannam.

We shall abide by the commands of Allah, do-good deeds and refrain from bad deeds. We shall be blessed with Mercy in this world and in hereafter and be happy.

Sura Takathur

(Revealed in Makka. Number of verses-8)

The Sura has been named as 'Sura Takathur' after the word 'Takathur' meantioned in the first verse. Takathur means rivalry for affluence. Man becomes indifferent to the remembrance of Allah due to his infatuation with worldly wealth. He does not care for Akhirat. He faces death in that condition. There is a close harmony between the name of the Sura and its subject matter.

Word meaning

- Infatuated you, made you indifferent. - rivalry in amassing

wealth. - until. -you visit, arrive. - Graves.

-very soon. . - you will learn. -Jahannam.

-grace.

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Translation

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious. Most Merciful.

1. Rivalry for Piling up (The good thing of the world divert you)

2. Until you come to the graves!

3. But, by no means, you will soon come to know!

4. Again you will soon come to know!

5. By no means, were you to know with certainty of mind (You would beware)

6. You shall certainly see Fire of Jahannam!

7. Again you shall see it with sure vision

8. Then on that day, you shall be questioned about the joy (you indulged in).

Man forgets the Akhirat owing to his greed and fascination for more and more wealth, power and status. They embark upon mutual rivalry and competition for getting worldly affluence. They face death in that condition. Head they known and understood that Akhirat is many times better than this world, then they would not have such greed and lust. They will very soon come to know that this is very true. After death, they will see in the Akhirat with their own eyes the fire of jahannam, they will face interrogation there about the graces they received in this world.

We learn from this Sura

1. It is not an act of intelligent man to remain forgetful about the Akhirat being worried for wealth.

2. Those who earn wealth in improper ways, will be burnt in Jahannam in the Akhirat.

3. Man will have to account for in the Akhirat for the graces received in this world.

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We shall not forget the Akhirat by indulging ourselves in the greed for wealth. We shall help and sympathize with the poor and needy. We shall spend ungdgingly in the path of Allah the graces granted by Allah.

Sura Lahab

(Revealed in Makka. Number of verses-5)

- Perish. - two hands. -perished. - served no

purpose, did not protect. - he earned. - Soon he will enter, will

take fire - Blazing flame. -his wife, - carrier

of fuel. - round her neck - rope. - twisted.

Occasion of revelation-shan-e-nuzul

One day the Prophet of Allah (Sm) invited people towards Islam. At once Abu Lahab, first of all, called out perish you. This Sura was revealed in the context of his rash statement.

Nomenclature

The Sura has been named after the word 'lahab' mentioned in the first verse. The Sura is also known as 'Lahab' or 'Masad'.

Translation

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.

1. Perish the hands of (the father of flame) Abu Lahab, perish he!

2. No profit to him from all his wealth and all his gains!

3. Soon he will be burnt in a fire of blazing flame!

4. And his wife, the wood carrier, shall carry the wood as fuel !

5. A twisted rope of palm-leaf fiber round her neck!

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Gist

In this Sura the contemptible role of Abu Lahab and his wife Umm Jamila in hostility. to the Prophet (Sm) and opposition to Islam is described. Abu Lahab, in spite of his being uncle of the Prophet (Sm) always was in the forefront in opposing him. His wife also helped her husband in his misdeeds by throwing thorns in the path of the Prophet (Sm) and by slandering him. But their enmity to Islam could not prevent Islam from advancement. That they will be punished severely as a consequence of their misdeeds is described in this Sura.

We learn from this Sura that hostility to the Prophet (Sm) and opposition to Islam is the most contemptible crime. We further learn that without Iman and good deeds, more bond of relation cannot save anybody)

We shall love the Prophet of Allah (Sm) and shall not oppose him.

Sura Ikhlas

(Revealed in Makka. Verses-4)

Ikhlas means devotion, single-mindness. Single minded and pure Tawhid has been described in this Sura. It is for this reason that this Sura is called lkhlas. The Mushriks (polytheists) of Makka wanted to know from the Prophet of Allah (Sm) the genealogy of Allah Almighty. They further wanted to know what Allah is made of, of gold, of silver or of some other thing? As an answer to these questions Allah Almighty revealed this Sura.

We shall memorize this Sura, learn its meaning and recite it always.

Word meaning

-One and only. - Absolute, not dependent. - Begets none.

- Not Begotten. - Equal, like.

Translation

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.

1. Say, He is Allah. The one and only,

2. Allah is Eternal, Absolute,

3. He does not beget, nor is He begotten.

4. And there is none like Him.

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The introduction to Allah has clearly been mentioned in this Sura. Here the wrong belief of the polytheists has been refuted and Oneness and Uniqueness of Allah Almighty has been depicted.

We learn from this Sura1. Allah is One, Unique and Absolute.2. All of us are dependent on His Grace and Mercy.3. None is comparable to Him.

We shall have to obey His commands. We should worship Him alone. No one else should be worshipped.

Verses of SupplicationWe often commit sin due to ignorance or falling prey to the deception of Saitan. We should repent for it and seek forgivness from Allah Almighty. It is expected that He would forgive us if we supplicate to Him for forgiveness. Allah becomes pleased if supplication is made to Him. Allah has taught us how to supplicate to Him. We, in this class, shall memorize three verses of supplication, learn their meaning and use them in supplication to Allah Almighty.

1.

Meaning : "Our Lord, we have wronged our own souls, if You do not forgive us and do not bestow upon us Your mercy we shall certainly be losers." (Araf 7:23)

At first Adam (As) and Bibi Hawa (As) lived in Jannat. Allah Almighty permitted them to eat all fruits and food there. But He forbade them to go near a certain tree. Instigated by Saitan, they ate the fruit of that forbidden tree. Allah then ousted them from Jannat and sent them to this world. They continuously wept for long period of time after they came to tne world. At last, Allah at His great mercy taught this Munajat-supplication. They humbly recited this Dual and sought forgiveness from Allah. Allah Almighty accepted their supplication.

We also shall admit our fault. We sltall humbly supplicate to Allah Almighty .

2.

Meaning: "Our lord! Bestow on us Mercy from Yourself and dispose of our affair for us in the right way." (Kahf 18:10)

A few centuries before the advent of the great Prophet (Sm), a tyrant King named Daqyanus used to oppress the Muslims. At that time, some young men sought refuge in a cave with a view to escaping from the oppression of the king and engaging themselves in worship of Allah safely. They were seven in number and they are called

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Ashabe-kahf or residents of cave. Taking shelter in the cave they supplicated to Allah Almighty, they sought His blessings, so that they can safely stay in the cave and can worship Him safely. Allah Almighty granted their prayer.

Throughout ages, young men devoted to truth were vocal against injustice. We also shall not submit to injustice. We shall stand against injustice. We shall supplicate to Allah in all our distresses. He will be kind to us. He will help us in performing all our activities properly.

3.

Meaning : "Our Lord! We believe; then do forgive us and have mercy upon us for You are the best of those who show mercy." (Muminun 23: 109)

Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful. His kindness is boundless. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said, "Allah Almighty has divided kindness in one hundred parts and kept ninety-nine parts of it with Him. He has distributed only one part among all His creatures." (Bukhari). It is clear from this that Allah's kindness and mercy is immense. Allah forgives His servants when -he commits a crime and then prays for pardon. Allah Almighty pardons him and bestows mercy on him. We shall have faith in Allah and pray to Him for forgiving our faults. We shall seek His mercy. He will forgive us. We shall be bestowed with His mercy.

AI-Hadith

Introduction

Hadith means saying or message. In the terminology of Islam, the saying, deeds and consents of the Prophet (Sm) are called Hadith.

Importance

The Position of Hadith is just after the Holy Quran. It is an explanation of the Glorious Quran. In the Glorious Quran, many things are stated briefly. In Hadith it is narrated elaborately. We come across the model of his life in Hadith. For this reason the importance of Hadith in our life is limitless. Allah Almighty says- "So take what the Apostle assigns to you and deny yourselves that which he withholds from you." (Hashr 59:7)

Sihah Sitta

Famous books on Hadith are six. These are collectively called Sihah Sitta. Sihah means faultless and Sitta means six. These are called Sihah Sitta because pure Hadithes are collected in them. A brief introduction to these is given below-

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1. Sahih Bukhari : Sahih Bukhari is the most famous among the books on Hadith.

After the Glorious Quran, this book is the most famous and faultless. The name of its

compiler is Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Ismail Bukhari (R). He compiled it by

selection from six lakhs of Hadith. it is divided into thirty 'paras' or parts.

2. Sahih Muslim : The name of its compiler is Abul Hussain Muslim Ibn Hajjaj (R).

He compiled it by selection from three lakhs of Hadith. From the standpoint of purity

its position is next to Sahih Bukhari.

3. Sunnane-Nasaye : The name of its compiler is Ahmad Ibn Shuaib Nasaye (R). Its

position is next to Bukhari and Muslim Sharif.

4. Sunan-e-Abu Dawood : The name of its compiler is Abu Dawood Sulaiman Ibn

Ashath (R). He compiled it by selection from five lakhs of Hadith. Its arrangement is

of high standard.

5. Jami Tirmizi : The name of its compiler is Abu 'Isa Muhammad Ibn 'Isa Tirmizi

(R). He said about his book "It may be said about the house where this book is

available that the Prophet (Sm) himself is there and that he (Sm) himself is

speaking."

6. Sunan-e-Ibn Majah : The name of its compiler is Abu Abdullah Muhammad lbn

Yazid Ibn Majah (R). It has special status among the books on Hadith.

Hadith on SupplicationThe Great Prophet (Sm) has taught us how are we to beg of Allah and what are we to

beg. We shall memorize the following three Hadithes taught by him, learn the

meanings and use these in supplication (Munajat).

(1)

Meaning : "O Allah! Show me the straight path and correct me." (Muslim)

The path shown by Allah is the right and straight path. We shall follow the path

shown by Him and move accordingly.

(2)

Meaning : "O Allah! I pray for guidance from you, and ask for power to do righteous

deed and to avoid misdeeds. I also pray for cleanliness so that I can guard myself

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against greed for other's wealth. I further pray for freedom from poverty and want.

(Muslim and Tirmizi)

(3)

Meaning: "O Allah! Forgive me, be kind to me, keep me safe, give me pure livelihood." (Muslim)

Hadith on Ethics

The Great Prophet (Sm) has given us many advice for enhancing the standard of our character and morality. If we follow his advice we will be blessed with many benefits in this world and hereafter. We shall mem orize the following three Hadithes on ethics and learn their meaning.

(1) _

Meaning : "He who does not keep trust has no Iman. (his Iman is incomplete)" (Ahmad)

A believer cannot commit treachery or breach of trust. These are anti-Iman and antisocial activities. The property of educational institution belongs to the people. These are kept in the custody of teachers and students. The property of the country is in the custody of the people. Breach of this trust is a crime. We shall keep trust.

(2) _

Meaning : "He who breaks the ties of kith and kin will not enter Jannat." (Bukhari and Muslim)

We have blood relation with father-mother. It is our duty to behave well with them and if need be, to help them financially. They will be happy for this. We shall also earn reward from Allah. We shall keep the tie of blood relationship.

(3) _

Meaning: "Salat is a pillar of Deen Islam." (Bayhaqi)

Just as a house cannot be conceived of without pillar, similarly Deen Islam cannot be conceived of without Salat. Salat is the key to Jannat. Salat differentiates between a Mumin, and a Kafir. Nearness to Allah can be attained through Salat. We shall realize the improtance of Salat and perform Salat earnestly.

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Exercise

Multiple Choice Question

1. Quran Majid was revealed-

(a) For Muslims (b) For the people of Mecca

(c) For all human beings (d) For the Arab

2. Quran Majid was first preserved

(a) In the heart of Hafij (b) By Abu Bakar (R)

(c) In Lou-he Mahfuj (d) By the Ogman (R)

3. Sura Adiat was revealed

( a) Madina (b) Jeddah

(c) Mecca (d) Taif

4. How long should Madd-e-Asli be read?

(a) One Alif (b) Two Alifs

(c) Three Alifs (d) Four Alifs

5. Hadith means

(a) Advice (b) Speech

(c) Book (d) Lesson

6. "Salat is the foundation of Islam" is meant as---

(a) Islam stands on salat.

(b) Salat and Islam are synonymous.

(c) Salat is fundamental Ibadat of Islam.

(d) Salat should be performed sincerely.

7. Hazrat Osman (R) is called "Jamiul Quran" because

(a) He contributed in preservation of Hadith.

(b) He wrote the tafsir of Quran

( c) He contributed for the preservation of the Quran.

(d) He arranged to learn the Quran through regional language.

Read the followin assa e and answer the uestions 8 and 9.

"Oh our lord. We have done iniustice to ourselves. If you do not forgive

us and favour us, we must suffer."

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8. In this Ayat of Quran depicts ----

(i) The worldy welfare.

(ii) One's own fault" and confession.

(iii) The way of escaping punishment in Akhirat.

Whieh of the following is correct?

(a) i (b) ii

(c) i & ii d) ii & iii

9. From this ayat of the holy Quran a Mumin can learn -----

(a) To ask for forgiveness (b) To be honoured

(c) To be kind (d) To be helpful

Creative questions

1. Azmal Hossain knows well about the Quran and Hadith. He is the only child of

his parents. After getting a job he went to city with his wife. After that he is not

keeping touch with his parents. Moreover he does not send money for them in

their crises. Whereas there is in the Hadith, "The person who cut the blood

relation will not enter into Jannat. "

(a) What is Hadith ?

(b) What do you understand about those who cut their blood relation ?

(c) What kind of behaviour should Azmal do with his parents according to the

Hadith? Explain.

(d) Explain the following Hadith, " The person who cuts the blood relation will

not enter into Jannat. "

2. In Sura Qariah Allah says, "The great disaster! what is the great disaster? What

do you know about the great disaster? That day man will be like the detached

insects and the hills will be coloured as refined fur. That day he, whose scale will

be heavy will gain a satisfactory life. But whose scale will be light, he will get

his place in Habia. "( a) What is the meaning of Habia ?(b) Why is the above Sura named Qariah ? explain.(c) What can you learn from the disastrous situation of Qiamat as described?(d) "The good and bad deeds of human being will be measured in the day of

Qiamat" write down clearly.

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3. We know the holy Quran was reveafed on the Lailatul Qadr in Ramadan. Allah

says, "I have revealed this book for your benefit. So, follow it and be careful.

You may get mercy." Allah further says, "Recite the Quran slowly, clearly and

nicely."

( a) What is the meaning of Lailatul Qadr?

(b) What is meant by the saying "you will get mercy."

(c) How can we get welfare according to this ayat of the Quran?

(d) Explain the saying "Salat will not be performed properly until the Quran is recited perfectly."

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Chapter-4

Akhlaq

IntroouctionAkhlaq is plural of the word Khuluqun . It means character or nature. Man's activity through his conduct, demeanour and nature is known as Akhlaq. Every aspect of man's character is included in Akhlaq. Even the dealings of man with any living being or creature of Allah is also included in Akhlaq.

Kinds of Akhlaq Akhlaq is of two kinds.

1. Aklhlaq Hamida : Good character is called Akhlaq Hamida or praiseworthy character e.g. forgiveness, turstworthiness, honesty, truthfulness, righteousness, benevolence, modesty, cooperation in good deeds etc.

2. Akhlaq Zamima : Vile character is called Akhlaq Zamima or condemnable character e.g. telling a lie, abusing, stealing etc.

Akhlaq Hamida

Importance of Akhlaq Hamida

The importance of Akhlaq Hamida in human life is limitless. Man's peace and happiness in this world depend on Akhlaq Hamida or praiseworthy character. Happiness and sorrow in hereafter also depend on Akhlaq Hamida.

Good effect of Akhlaq Hamida1. Attainment of the pleasure of Allah and His Prophet (Sm)Pleasure of Allah and His Prophet (Sm) can be attained through possessing praiseworthy character. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said, 'the most beloved person amongst you to me is one whose character is the best." (Bukhari and Muslim)

2. Attainment of completion of ImanNoble character makes a man's Iman complete. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said-

Meaning : "Full believers (Mumins) are those whose characters are noble and most beautiful." (Abu Dawood)

3. Attainment of the highest status

A man with noble character attains the highest status with Allah, His Prophet and society. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said -"The best amongst you is the one with the best character." (Bukhari)

4. Salvation from JahannamAllah will grant salvation from the fire of Jahannam to the man with noble character for the good quality of his character. The great Prophet (Sm) said, "The fire of Jahannam will not consume a man whose shape and character are beautiful." (Tabarani and Baihaqi)

We learnt from this lesson1. Meaning and kinds of Akhlaq.2. Importance and good effects of good character.

We shall possess' noble character and shall build ideal and beautiful society. Our lives will be successful.

Forgiveness

Introduction

Forgiveness means to pardon, not to take revenge. In the Islamic terminology, forgiving a guilty man personally in spite of having the power to take revenge is called forgivness.

Significance

Forgiveness is a special attribute of Allah Almighty. Allah Almighty has blessed man with many graces. He has provided for their peace and happiness. But man forgets Allah due to ignorace. Man disobeys His commandments and takes others as partners of Allah. After that, when they realize their mistake, become penitent and pray for His forgiveness, He forgives them. Allah says, "He is the One that accepts repentance from His servants and forgives sins." (Shura 42:25)

Our beloved Prophet (Sm) was a symbol of forgivensess. Commanding him-for forgiveness, Allah says, "Hold to forgiveness." (Araf 7: 199) He iollowed this commandment of Allah in a befitting manner. After the victory of Khaybar, one Jewess invited him and offered him mutton mixed with poison. Taking some mutton he felt the effect of poison. That woman confessed that she had mixed poison with the mutton. Even after that the Merciful Prophet (Sm) forgave her. After the victory of Makka, the Prophet (Sm) forgave his perpetual enemies. He addressed them saying, "I

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have no complaint against you today . You are free, independent." Such instance in the history of the world is rare. The importance of forgiveness is manifold. The offender becomes repentant when forgiven, he becomes ashamed of himself. He becomes grateful to the forgiver. Allah Almighty also enhances the status of the forgiver. Allah Almighty says, "If a person forgives and makes reconciliation, his reward is due from Allah." (Shura 42:40)

We learnt from this lesson1. Meaning and good effects of forgiveness.2. The instances of forgiveness by the Great Prophet (Sm).

We shall be embodiments of forgiveness and forgive the guilty.

Doing good to others

Doing good to others means to be benevolent to others. Technically, to fulfill in the best manner the responsibilities and duties of men towards the creatures of Allah is called 'doing good to others.'

Significance

Benevolence is a great attribute of Allah Almighty. He has great benevolence and compassion towards all His creatures. He is kind to allbelievers and unbelievers. He did not create all men with equal capacity and competence. For this reason men are mutually dependent. Hence men should help others according to his capacity and ability.

Good effects of doing good to others 1. Attainment of Allah's pleasureAllah loves those who do good to others. He says

Meaning: "Do good, for Allah loves those who do good." (Baqara 2:195)

2. Establishment of peacePeace-tranquility is established in society through benevolence. Benevolence can be done to others through spending of wealth or through saying good words. This removes conflicts and quarrels in society and peace is established.

3. Gaining of friendship :Through benevolence the heart of a cruel man can be won over. Arch enemy can be made a friend.

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4. Getting Allah's mercy:Allah bestows mercy on the person showing kindness to any of His creatures. The Great Prophet (Sm) said, "Be benevolent to those who are on the earth, He who is in the sky (Allah) will be benevolent to you." (Abu Dawood and Termizi)

We shall do good to the creatures of Allah. We shall inquire after wellbeing of others during danger and disaster. For this, Allah will be pleased with us. We shall be blessed with His grace.

Decency

Decency means politeness, modesty and bashfulness. To adopt refined

manner in conduct, dress and conversation is called decency.

Importance

Decency is of limitless importance. It is a noble trait of man. Decency dissuades men from indecent and improper acts. It helps making a man a loyal servant of Allah. Safety from many accidents is possible if men and women keep decency in their conduct and dresses. Indecent dress and conduct often causes disaster, creates unrest in the society and causes decadence of character. As a result men become allured to bad character. Friendship and cordiality grows through decent and amiable conduct. Indecent conduct drives even friends away. Man avoids contact with indecent man. Indecent man is hateful to Allah. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said, "The worst person to Allah is one who is avoided by people for his indecency." (Bukhari) The Holy Prophet (Sm) further said,

Meaning : "Verily Allah abhors a man with indecent and bad character." (Tirmizi)

Teaching decency, Hazrat Luqman (As) said to his son "And do not swell your cheek (for pride) at men, nor walk in insolence through the earth; For Allah does not love any arrogant boaster." (Luqman 31: 18-19)


1. Importance of decency.

2. Evil effects of indecency.

We shall realize the importance of decency. We shall maintain decency in every aspect of our lives. As a result our lives will be decent. Decent environment will be created in society.

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Service to the creatures

Service to the creatures means to serve all the creatures of Allah. Allah Almighty has created everything in this world. He cherishes everything. To be attentive and careful to the creation of Allah is called service to the creatures.

Significance

Man is the best creation of Allah in this world. Therefore they have great responsibilities and duties to all creatures. Man is the brother of man. So he is to be kind to the hungry, thirsty or needy. His wants are to be mitigated by all means. For this Allah Almighty will be pleased and will give reward for it in hereafter. "The Holy Prophet (Sm) said, "the Muslim who gives in charity cloth to another Muslim who is in need for cloth, Allah Almighty will bless him with green cloth in Jannat. The Muslim who donates food to a hungry Muslim, Allah will grant him fruit in Jannat. The Muslim who offers water to a thirsty Muslim, Allah will quench his thirst by pure drinks from sealed container." (Abu Dawood)

Many orphans, poor and destitute are there in our society. Those who are kind to these poor and needy persons, Allah becomes pleased with them.

Allah Almighty says-

Meaning : "And they feed for the love of Allah, the destitute, the orphan and the captive." (Dahr 76:8)

If anybody in society is ill, he is to be nursed. If anybody runs into debt, steps should be taken to pay off his debt. If the Muslim brother is helped in this manner, help from Allah will be there. The Holy Prophet (Sm) said, "Allah fulfills the need of the Muslim who fulfills the need of another Muslim." (Muslim)

Responsibility does not end by service to man alone. Man has responsibility to animals, birds, insects, trees, creepers etc. as well. Because our environment consists of all these things. We in our own interest should preserve this environment. Moreover no creation of Allah is useless. He created everything for our benefit. Our beloved Prophet (Sm) was kind to everything in this world. Encouraging us to be kind to all creatures, he said-

"All creatures are Allah's near ones (dependents). The man who is kind to them is best loved by Allah." (Baihaqi)

The cattle, poultry, cats-dogs, all animals are subject to hunger and thirst as ourselves.

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It is our responsibility to feed them. The Great Prophet (Sm) said, "One woman kept a cat tied. She did neither feed it, nor did she set it free so that it could live on insects. At last the cat died in that tied position out of starvation. Allah Almighty punished that woman for this." (Bukhari and Muslim).

The Great Prophet (Sm) further said, "a sinner woman of Bani Israil (Jewess) offered water to a dog afflicted by thirst. As a result Allah was pleased and forgave her." (Bukhari and Muslim)

We should be kind to trees as well along with the animals. No tree should be cut or no leaf should be torn unnecessarily, because trees also recite Tasbih (glorify Allah).

We shall serve the creation. We should not cause their suffering. We shall plant tree and preserve them. Vie shall not damage any tree unnecessarily.

Trust

Introduction

Trust means to deposit. To keep someone's money or valuables in custody is

called Trust. The man who carefully keeps the deposited wealth and returns it to the owner is called 'Amanatdar' or trusted. Misappropriation of deposited wealth is called khianat-breach of trust. He who misappropriates is called khianatkari.

Necessity

The necessity of trust in human life is manifold. The duty of each man is a sacred trust with him. Children are trusts in the hands of parents. To rear them up and the to educate them is the responsibility of the parents. A shop is a trust of its owner in the hands of its employee. Furniture of education institution and books of the library are trust in the hands of the students. Education and character building of the students is a sacred trust in the hands of the teachers. Wealth of the country is a trust of the people.

A department is a trust deposited with each of its employees. The government is a trustee of the whole country. To protect trust is absolutely necessary. Allah Almighty says in the glorious Quran-

Meaning: "Allah commands you to render back your trusts to those to whom they are due." (Nisa 4:58)

Breach of trust is a contemptible offence. The Holy Prophet (Sm) described it as a sign of hypocrites. Trust will have to be accounted for before Allah. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said-

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"You all are responsible and each of you will be interrogated for it." (Bukhari)

We learnt from this lesson1. Meaning and importance of Trust.2. Necessity of trust.

We shall realize the necessity of trust. We shall keep trust in every sphere of life and shall fulfill our responsibilities with trust.

Dignity of Labour

Any activity related to earning, welfare of mankind and service to the creatures is called labour. Labour is the key to development and good fortune. The nation which is more hard working is more developed.

Dignity of labour

The dignity of labour is very high in Islam. Allah says-

Meaning : "That man can have nothing but what he strives for." (Najm 53:39) To earn by labour is an Ibadat.The great Prophet (Sm) said

Meaning : After farz Ibadat, earning of lawful livelihood is another farz Ibadat." (Baihaqi)

Allah Almighty has kept open innumerable wealth for the welfare of mankind. To procure this wealth labour is necessary. We have got, by the Grace of Allah, naturally the factors of labour. These are our hand, leg and brain. These are the labour forces. Allah Almighty commended us to use this force- Allah Almighty says-

"He who has made the earth manageable for you, so traverse through its tracts and enjoy of the sustenance which He furnishes." (Mulk 67:15).

Our beloved Prophet (Sm) loved labour and was himself used to labour. He tended animals in his boyhood and traded when grown up. He took active part in digging the trench in the Battle of trench. Hazrat Fatima (Ra), daughter of the Prophet (Sm), herself operated millstone, for which her hand were spotted, she used to carry large leathernbag full of water. As a result, the rope spotted her chest. She used to sweep for which her clothes were soiled." (Abu Dawood)

Of the status of labourer, the great Prophet said-

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-

Meaning : "Earner of livelihood by labour is a friend of Allah" (Baihaqi). The great Prophet (Sm) further said, "There is no food better than the one earned by own hands." The Prophet of Allah Dawood (As) used to eat food earned by his own hands." (Bukhari) One day, the companions asked the Prophet (Sm) : "which is the best earning?" The Prophet (Sm) said in answer "The remuneration of the work of own hand and the profit earned from honest business." (Ahmed)

The greatest of mankind, the Prophet (Sm) and his companions never felt shy of earning their lifelihood through labour. They left for us a brilliant model of dignity of labour. Praising the earners of livelihood by labour, Allah Almighty says in the Quran "There are many who are travelling through the land seeking of Allah's bounty." (Muzzammi173 :20) Commanding us He said- "And when the prayer is finished, dispere through the land and seek of the Bounty of Allah." (Jumua 62: 10)

Islam commands to pay wage of the labourer immediately. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said, "Pay the wage of the labourer before his sweat dries up." (Baihaqi)

We shall be accustomed to recognize the dignity of labour and learn to do by ourselves our jobs. We shall be self-reliant.

Truthfulness

Introduction

Truthfulness means to speak the truth, justice, honesty. To follow justice in all

activities, conversation, transaction, in a word, in every aspect of life is called truthfulness. Speaking the truth, treading the right path, doing justice, keeping promises and trusts, avoiding deceit all are included in truthfulness.

Importance

Truthfulness is a noble quality. The peace and happiness of human life, security and social order mainly depend on truthfulness. The Prophets attracted the attention of people by their quality of truthfulness. The great Prophet (Sm) earned respect of all even before his Prophethood due to this quality. Truthfulness makes a man Allah fearing. Just man remains conscious of right and wrong. Honest businessman does not adulterate in goods and does not conceal the defects. Honest employee does not evade his duty. Honest person does not deceive or cheat.

Truthfulness protects man from danger and makes him successful. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said "It is your duty to observe truthfulness, because truthfulness leads to beneficial deed and this beneficial deed guides you to Jannat." (Bukhari and Muslim) A truthful man earns trust and respect of all due to his truthfulness. Even his enemies trust him.

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We shall realize the importance and significance of truthfulness. We shall observe truthfulness and lead our lives honestly.

Co-operation in righteous deeds and non-eo-operation in evil deeds

Introduction

Righteous deeds include good conduct, speaking of truth, service and everything relating to welfare. Cooperation in good deeds may be done through genuine well wishing, verbal support, physical labour and financial help. As for example to help the crippled and destitute and to establish organization for making them self-sufficient. Similar is the case with establishment of school-Madrasah for removing illiteracy, constructing road, bridge and arranging for water supply with a view to safe-guarding public health.

Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran

Meaning: "And help one another in righteousness and piety. (Maida 5:2)

The advent of the Muslims is for cooperation in righteous activities and restraining sinful activities. Allah says, "you are the best of peoples, evolved for mankind, enjoining what is right, forbidding what is wrong." (AI-e-Imran 3:110)

Co-operation in righteous activities brings equal reward with the performer. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said

Meaning : "He who shows the path of good deed, will get equal reward with its performer." (Muslim).

It is narrated in another Hadith, "The man who helped a'Mujahid' (a warrior in the path of Allah) in the collection of equipment (will be treated) as if he himself participated in Jihad. And whoever behaved well with the family of a Mujahid during his absence (will be treated) as if he himself participated in Jihad." (Bukhari)

In a society, there are good people as well as bad people. These bad people indulge in evil deeds, created unrest and disorder in society. They are enemies of the society and the country. It will not be proper to cooperate in any of a their activities. Allah Almighty says-

Meaning: "But do not help one another in sin and rancour." (Maida 5:2)

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If any one commits a crime, he is to be prevented immediately. Otherwise other people may follow him in committing it. The great Prophet (Sm) said, "whenever you see anybody committing a misdeed, you prevent him with hands (power). If you are unable to do that, oppose him by tongue (words), and if you are unable to do that also, then abhor it by heart and that is (the sign) of the weakest Iman." (Muslim)

We learnt from this lesson1. Good effects of co-operation in righteous deeds.2. Evil effects of co-operation in evil deeds.

We shall cooperate in good deeds, and shall never cooperate in evil deeds. We shall try heart and soul to prevent those who indulge in evil deeds.

Condemnable Character

The activities which make a man vile, low and condemnable are called Akhlaqe Zamima or condemnable character, for example, envy, anger, greed, cheating, hijacking, disobedience to parents, breach of trust etc. Condemnable character defiles individual and social life. Nobody likes or respects a person with this type of character. He is despised and cursed in this world as well as in hereafter. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said, "A servant reaches the lowest layer of Jahannam due to his bad character." (Tabarani)

Envy

Introduction

Envy means jealousy, malice. To dislike other's wealth or honour and to wish

for its extinction is called envy. As for example, to wish the ruin of the wealthy, to be jealous of a persons success or high status and to wish its ruin.

Evil effectsEnvy is a dangerous mental disease. There are many evil effects of envy. The first sin after the creation of man was due to envy. Iblis (Saitan) became envious of the status of Hazrat Adam (As). As a result he was cursed and removed from the mercy of Allah. Qabil, son of Adam (As) killed his own brother Habil due to this envy. Envy eats up the good deeds of man.

The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said

Meaning : "Envy destroys virtue as fire bums firewood into ashes." (Ibn majah) Envy enkindles fire of anxiety in human mind. The envious man himself is burnt by this

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fire. Envious man is despised by men as well as by Allah. Nobody likes him, None charishes his friendship. Everyone boycotts him.

Envy creates enmity among man. It gives rise to chaos, conflict and fighting. Society becomes restless. Envy creates pride in human mind and this pride is the root of fall.

Allah loves him who is free from envy. He will get into Jannat easily. Once the Prophet of Allah (Sm) spoke of a companion as a man of Jannat. He was asked about his deed. He answered, "I do not envy a man blessed by Allah with a good thing." (Ibn Majah)

We shall be conscious about envy. We shall not envy anyone. Thus our mind will remain delighted and peace and order will prevail in society.

Anger Introduction

Anger ( ) means, wrath, fury. The fury created in the mind of a man due to loss

of interest or desire for retaliation is called anger. Pride, scolding, quarrel etc. are the causes of anger.

Evil Effects

Anger is a condemnable trait. Anger creates envy and enmity among man. Envy destroys the good deeds of a man. Often anger causes the loss of the knowledge of differentaiting good and evil. Angry man cannot control himself. Anger becomes the cause of great loss when it exceed limits. This leads to many mishaps. Anger destroys Iman. The Great Prophet (Sm) said, "As vinegar destroys honey, similarly anger destroys Iman." (Baihaqi)

By controlling anger one can escape from Allah's wrath. Eminent Companion Hazrat Ibn Umar (Ra) wanted to know what deed could protect him from the wrath of Allah. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said, "you shall not be angry." (Tabarani)

To control anger is a virtuous deed. One companion said "O Prophet of Allah! Direct me about a good deed." The Prophet (Sm) said, "you shall not be angry." (Bukhari)

Contr of anger is a heroic deed. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said, "Real valiant is not he who defeats his reval in wrestling, but real valiant is he who can control himself at the time of anger." (Bukhari)

We shall realize the evil effects of anger, we shall avoid anger, so that we live happily. Peace will prevail in society.

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Greed

Introduction

Greed means lust, covetousness. Desire for getting more and more is called

greed. Greed may be of different kind e.g. greed for wealth, greed for status, greed for food, greed for clothes etc.

Evil EffectsGreed destroys peace of mind, Greedy man instead of being satisfied with what he has becomes restless to get more and more. Man indulges in many criminal activites due to greed. Dacoity, robbery, black marketing, hoarding, hijacking, adulteration, taking interest, bribe etc criminal activities occur due to greed. Man eats more due to greed for good as a result of which he suffers from various diseases. Sometimes it leads even to death. A proverb says, "Greed causes sin, sin causes death."

RemedyPatience and contentment can save us from greed. It is possible to control greed if simple and straight path of life is led. The principal way of controlling greed is belief in 'taqdir'-destiny. The Holy Prophet said, "O mankind! You seek in the best way, because man will not get more than what is allotted to him. (Hakim)

We shall learn the evil effects of greed and avoid it. We shall believe in destiny. We shall be satisfied with what we have, we shall be happy.

Cheating Introduction

Cheating means, deception, deceit, to swindle. To deceive somebody by

conversation, conduct, transaction, business etc. is called cheating. Breach of promise, selling of articles concealing the defects etc. are instances of grave cheating.

Evil Effects

Cheating is a social crime. People in the society face difficulties, peace and discipline of society is lost for it. Man's life becomes unbearable. A cheat is not a real Muslim. Once the Prophet of Allah (Sm) went a market. He saw a huge heap of foodstuff. The surface of the heap was dry. To examine whether the interior was also dry, he put his hand inside it. It was found that the interior was wet. The great Prophet (Sm) wanted to know its cause. The owner stated that rain caused it. At this, the Prophet of Allah (Sm) said "why did you not put the wet grains on the top so that men could see it ?"

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Then the Prophet (Sm) further said-

-

Meaning: "Whoever cheats, is not from amongst us." (Tirmizi)

Cheating is an act of hypocrites-Munafiqs. The punishment of Munafiq is very severe. Real mumin never takes resort to deception. He never breaks his promise. He never cheats people.

We shall realize the evil effects of cheating. We shall never indulge in it. Thus peace will be established in society.

Hijacking IntroductionForcible snatching away of other's wealth is called Hijacking. Hijacking is a social crime.

Evil effectsHijacking has many evil effects :1. Hijacking destroys the peace and order of the society.2. It disturbs the security of the society.3. Normal life of man is distrubed as a result of it. Men do not feel secure to travel

with money or valuable things.4. It creates havoc in society and state.5. A hijacker does not remain a real Muslim. The Great Prophet (Sm) said "The man

who robs and hijacks publicly in front of the people, does not remain 'Mumin'." (Abu Dawood)

Hijacking is a trait of barbarous age. In order to uproot this barbarous act. Islam declares-

Meaning : "In Islam there is no scope for being harmed or causing harm to others."

The punishment for such crime is very severe in Islam. In the Glorious Quran Allah Almighty gave an account of exemplary punishment for havoc-creating crimes like hijacking, dacoity, looting etc.

If through immaculate judicial system the punishment prescribed by Allah and His Prophet is given effect to in the society, people will desist from such heinous crime like hijacking.

We shall realize the evil effects of hijacking. We shall fefrain from such heinous act. We shall try our best to prevent those who indulge in such activity .

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Disobedience to the parents

Introduction

Disobedience to the parents means not to follow the biddings of the parents, to defy their orders.

After the kindness of Allah, the kindness of the parents of their children is the highest. They are the nearest persons of the offspring. The children are reared up with love and affection by the parents. They make the highest sacrifice for the comfort of their children. They provide everything for the future development of their children. So it is the duty of the children to be obedient to the parents.

To disobey the parents is a heinous crime. It has many demerits:

1. Disobedience to the parents is the most serious sin after shirk.

2. Disobedience to the parents is such an awful sin that Allah Almighty Himself do'es not forgive this sin: The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said, "Allah the exalted in His will forgives all sins, but He does not forgive the sin of disobedience to the parents." (Baihaqi)

3. Disobedient to the parents will be burnt in blazing fire of Jahannam in hereafter. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said, "They (parents) are your Jannat and Jahannam." (Ibn Majah) In other words, as entry into Jannat depends on parents' pleasure, similarly their displeasure will cause the entry of the children into Jahannam. The Holy- Prophet (Sm) further said 'utter ruin to him, utter ruin to him." He was asked who that man was. He answered, "The man who found his parents in their old age, either both of them or anyone of them, yet he could not enter into Jannat." (Muslim)

4. Allah Almighty has declared disobedience to the mother as 'haram' strictly prohibited. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said,

Meaning: "Allah Almighty has forbidden the disobedience to mother." (Bukhari)

5. If the father is displeased with the child Allah Almighty also becomes displeased with him. The Prophet of Allah (Sm) said, "Allah's pleasure lies in the pleasure of father and displeasure of Allah lies in the displeasure of father." (Tirmizi)

Sometimes the parents chastise their children for the welfare of the latter. The child should tolerate it. This will bring happiness to him in future.

We shall abide by the commands and prohibition of the parents. As a result they will be pleased and Allah also will be pleased.

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Exercise

Multiple Choice Questio

1. Allah --------------- of that man who wants forgiveness.(a) Forgives the crimes.(b) Increases the dignity(c) Forgives the Azab of grave(d) Makes the judgement of Hashor easier...

2. "The meaning of Khidmate-E-Khalk" is---(a) -- to serve the creation of Allah. (b) -- to serve the animals (c) -- to serve the human being (d) -- to serve the beasts and birds

3. To do misappropriation of amanat is(a) Crime. (b) A minor crime.( c) Makruh. (d) Serious crime.

4. Jeolousy the good deeds of a person?(a) Burns (b) Maks obstacles(c) Drives (d) Destroys

5. To keep self restriction in anger means(a) Self restriction. (b) Good character.(c) A real hero. (d) Self determined.

5. To keep self restriction in anger means-(a) Self restriction. (b) Good character.(c) A real hero. (d) Self determined.

Answer the questions 6 an'd 7 according to the following passage.Enam and Jahid are two friends. Jahid kept some money to Enam as amanat. After a few days when Jahid asked for his money, Enam told him to come on another day. When Jahid asked for his money again Enam replied that he would not able to return the money at that time.6. According to shari a the act of Enam is

(a) Injustice. (b) Breaking of promise.(c) Misappropriation of amanat. (d) Violation of modesty.

7. What is meant by amanat?(a) To return money after a few days.(b) If one fails to back he must return for the second time.(c) To return money as like it is. (d) To convince to return money after a few days.

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Creative Questions

1. Mr. Tafazzal is an owner of a garment factory. Many workers work in his factory. They do not get their dues properly. So dissatisfaction broke out among the workers and one day they stopped working. Mr. Tafazzal discussed the matter with his friend then his friend said, "The right of labourer is a very serious matter. You have to value the dignity of labour. Because Allah will pay their right from you during the day of judgement." There is in the Hadith "Give the payment of the labourer before drying up of his sweat."( a) What is labour?(b) What is meant by "dignity of labour"? Explain.(c) What kind of injustice has Mr. Tofazzal done without giving the due payment

of labourer? Explain.(d) "Give the payment of the labourer before drying up of his sweat", explain with

its significance.

2. Maliha and Rabeya are classmates. Maliha always speaks the truth. But Rabeya is not like her. When she is asked to show her home work, she can not show although she says that she has done it. One day Maliha wanted ten taka in immergency as a loan but Rabeya said that she had no money though she was seen with some notes of ten taka at the tiffin period when she was buying pickle. In this regard Maliha quotes a Hadith, "Preserve your truthfulness."(a) What is the meaning of Sidkun?(b) What do you mean by truthfulness?(c) Explain Rabeya's activities in the light of truthfulness.(d) Discuss clearly the maintaining of truthfulness according to Hadith.

3. Hasan and Faej are two neighbours. Their relationship was not good. One day a goat of Hasan ate plants entering into Faej's garden. Faej broke the two legs of the goat out of anger. So their relationship became worse. Hasan reminded a Hadith, "Vinegar destroys honey just like anger destroys Iman."(a) What is the meaining of anger ?(b) Explain a harmful result of anger.(c) What advice can be given Faej to avoid jealousy?(d) Analyse the Hadith" Vinegar destroys honey just like anger destroys Iman."

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Chapter-5

Model BiographiesHazrat Ismail (As)

Introduction

Hazrat Ismail (As) was a son of the great Prophet Hazrat Ibrahim (As). The name of his mother was Bibi Hajira (Hagar). Ismail (As) was born when the age of Hazrat Ibrahim (As) was eighty-six years.

Exile

Allah be glorified! He commanded Ibrahim (As) to send Hajira with her boy baby into exile. So he sent her into exile in the deserted Makka valley. Only some date and a leather box of water were left with them as provision.

The date and water left by Hazrat Ibrahim (As) was finished. Hajira and baby Ismail were in aggrieved state due to hunger and thirst. The baby Ismail was about to die due to thirst. Seeing this is the mother Hajira began running in a bewildered manner between Safa and Marwa Mountains in search of water. Meanwhile baby Ismail was throwing his hands and legs continuously. All on a sudden, water sprang up from beside his legs. Mother Hajira was charmed to look at it and saved her baby's life by making him drink water. She expressed her gratitude to Allah. Supernaturally a well was created from that place. Its name is the well of Zamzam. People from different places began to flock there because of the availability of water. People were settling all around.

Sacrifice (Qurbani)

Hazrat Ibrahim (As) used to come occasionally from distant Syria to see Hajira and his son Ismail. On one such occasion, he informed Ismail that Allah has commanded him to sacrifice Ismail in the way of Allah. Now what is his view? Ismail at that time was a boy of thirteen years. Ismail said, "father! I shall abide by all your directives. You fulfil the command of Allah." Ibrahim let Ismail lie on the ground and started to operate a knife on his throat. Supernaturally a 'dumba' (sheep) was sacrificed and Ismail remained alive. The custom of animal sacrifice started from that date. Allah Almighty has given an account of the sacrifice of Ismail in the Holy Quran-

Meaning : Then when the son reached (the age of) work with him he said, "O my son! I see in vision that I offer you in sacrifice; now see what is your view?" Ismail said, "O my father! Do as you are commanded, you will find me, if Allah so wills, one practising patience." (Saffat 37: 102)

Participation in the construction of Kaba

Hazrat Ibrahim (As) built Kaba at the command of Allah. At that time Ismail (As) helped him in every way.

Title

Ismail was of high dignity. Allah gave him the title of 'fulfiller of promise'. It is narrated that once he promised to a man that he would wait for the man till he comes to a fixed place. But the man failed to turn up yet Hazrat Ismail (As) continued to wait for him at that place for three days.

Lineage

The offspring of Hazrat Ismail (As) spread in different areas. The famous Quraish tribe was of his lineage. Our beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) was born in the lineage of Hazrat Ismail (As).

Death

Hazrat Ismail (As) breathed his last in Makka at the age of one hundred and thirty six years.

We learnt from this lesson1. Introduction to Hazrat Ibrahim (As) and Hazrat Ismail (As).2. The history of Hazrat Ismail (As)'s sacrifice and dedication in the way of Allah.

We shall learn the biography of Hazrat Ismail (As) and shall be able to tell it. We shall be inspired by the ideal of his life. We shall abide by the commands of our parents unhesitatingly. For this they will be pleased. Allah's mercy will be showered on us.

Hazrat Yusuf (As)

Introduction

Hazrat Yusuf (As), the famous Prophet, hailed from Kanan and was a son of Yaqub (As). Hazrat Yusuf (As) was the eleventh of twelve brothers. He was incomparably beautiful, modest and possessed the highest quality of good character.

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Conspiracy of the Brothers

Of his all sons, the father Hazrat Yaqub (As) had deepest love for Yousuf. For this reason the brothers became envious. At last they hatched a conspiracy and saying that they were taking Yusuf for playing, took him out of the house. They brought him to a deserted ground and after beating, threw him into a deep well. After coming back home, they informed their father as, "when we were engaged in play, a wolf grabbed Yusuf and ate him. Look! This is his blood stained shirt." The shirt, although blood stained, was not tom. Hazrat Yaqub (As) could not believe his sons. He was aggrieved by the falsehood of his sons. He did not express his anger, rather determined to be patient he said, "Patience is most fitting, I am seeking help from Allah in that which you assert." (Yusuf 12:18)

Sale in Market

A caravan on its way to Egypt was passing by the well in which Yusuf was thrown. They threw a pail into the well for water. Yusuf caught hold of the rope of the pail and come to the surface. The traders brought Yusuf to Egypt and sold him out as a slave to the finance minister of Egypt, Aziz by name. Aziz was childless. Although he purchased Yusuf as a slave, he reared him up with love and affection of a son. When Yusuf grew up as a young man, he was imprisoned on a false allegation. He earned the respect of everybody in the prison due to his deep knowledge a bestowed by Allah.

Interpretation of Dream

Once the king of Egypt saw a peculiar dream. He saw that seven lean cows devour seven fat cows. He further saw that seven green ears of com and seven dry ears of com. He expressed great interest in knowing the interpretation of the dream. But none of the grandees, wise, learned men at the court could interpret it. At last he sought help from Yusuf. Explaining the dream Yusuf (As) said, for seven years the kingdom will have plenty of harvest, there will be affluence. In the next seven years continued famine will prevail. He also indicated the way out ot the famine. He advised them to preserve the surplus food. The king was spellbound at the interpretation of Yusuf (As). He cleared him of all allegations. He honoured him with a high position in the court.

Appointment as a minister

The king appointed Yusuf (As) as finance minister. Meanwhile, faminestricken brothers of Yusuf (As) came thrice to Egypt for foodstuff. Yusuf (As) could recognize them during their first visit, but kept his identity undisclosed. He allotted every time full delivery of foodstuff to them on humanitarian consideration. On the second visit, he tactfully kept his brother, born of the same mother, to himself. On the third

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occasion, Yusuf (As) disclosed his identity to his brothers. Then the brothers realized their blunder and apologized to him. They declared, "By Allah! Certainly Allah has preferred you above us and we certainly have been guilty of sin." Yusuf (As) pardoned his brothers and said in sympathetic tone-

Meaning : "This day let no reproach be cast on you, Allah will forgive you, and He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy." (Yusuf 12 : 92).

After that Yusuf (As) invited his brothers to bring the father and father members of family to Egypt. The brothers came to Egypt along with the parents. Yusuf (As) accorded honourable reception to them. They began to live amicably. Yusuf (As) breathed his last at the age of one hundred and ten years.

We learnt from this lesson1. Introduction to Yusuf (As):2. Instance offorgiveriess by Yusuf (As).3. Reward for patience is available if one relies on Allah and has patience during

difficulties.

We shall learn the life sketch of Yusuf (As) and shall be able to tell it. We shall be inspired by his ideal.

Hazrat Aiyub (As)

Introduction

Hazrat Aiyub (As) was a famous Prophet. He was owner of vast wealth. Allah Almighty wanted to test his Iman and patience. All the items of his wealthhouses, buildings, gardens- were lost to him. He became penniless. His seven sons and seven daughters all of them died. Despite all these, he did not lose patience. He continued to be devoted to 'Ibadat' as before. At last his body got wounded, ulcerated. Meat from the body was rotting and becoming decomposed. His body was attached by worm. His villagers asked him to leave their village. Relatives left him alone. Only companion left was the chaste lady, his wife Rahima. She continued to nurse him. In the face of the panic and neglect of the villagers, Bibi Rahima sought refuge in a place outside the village. She used to collect food, drink and other necessary things by wages earned form labour. Seven years and a few months elapsed in this way. Aiyub (As) used to devote himself in the remembrance of Allah with a contented heart enduring all sorrows and difficulties. It is for this reason that Allah says about him, "Truly We found him full of patience and constancy, how excellent in our service! Ever did he turn to us!" (Sad 38:44)

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Recovery

Afflicted by disease, Hazrat Aiyub (As) at once stage supplicated in a sad voice to Allah for recovery. Allah says in the Holy Quran-

"And remember Aiyub, when he cried to his Lord, truly distress has seized me but you are the Most Merciful of those that are merciful." (Ambiya 21:83)

Allah Almighty accepted his prayer. He commanded him to strike the earth with his leg. Immediately after the strike, water was springing up beside his leg and a well was created. Aiyub (As) drank that water and bathed with it. He recovered instantaneously. He became healthy as before, no sign of disease was left. Allah returned to him all his lost wealth. Hazrat Aiyub (As) started afresh propagating the 'Deen' of Allah. He lived long after recovery.

We learnt from this lesson1. Introduction to Hazrat Aiyub (As).2. Allah blesses with reward if anybody is patient during serious affliction.

We shall learn the identity of Hazrat Aiyub (As) and shall be able to tell it. We shallieam from his life the lesson of patience during distress.

Hazrat Muhammad (Sm)

Introduction

The Great Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) was born in 570 AC (After Christ) in the tribe of Quraish. The name of his father is Abdullah and name of his mother is Amina. His father died even before he was born. His mother also died when he was six years old. He was reared up in his childhood by his grandfather Abdul Muttalib and by his uncle Abu Talib.

Preaching of Islam.

Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) was blessed with Prophethood at the age of forty years. After that he started the call for belief in Allah (Iman) at first to his close relations. At his call, at first Hazrat Khadija (Ra) and then Hazrat Ali (Ra) and Hazrat Abu Bakr (Ra) accepted Islam. At that time the Great Prophet (Sm) used to preach Islam secretly. Thereafter Allah commanded him to preach publicly. So he started preaching publicly. Once he mounted the mountain of Safa and addressed all people saying, 'If I tell you that a huge army of enemies is waiting for attacking you, would you believe?" All people replied, "you are Al Amin, the trusted, we shall certainly believe you." The Great Prophet (Sm) said, 'Believe in one Allah, you will attain salvation." Hearing this, all of them became angry. Abu Lahab shouted, 'Perish you! Have you called us

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for this?" They returned abusing him. They started opposing him. They branded him as a lunatic and a sorcerer. They started oppressing him and his followers in many ways.

Miraj

When the Great Prophet (Sm) was mortified and distressed due to the limitless oppression by the infidels of Makka and by the misbehavior of the inhabitants of Taif, Allah at that time honoured him with Miraj. Miraj means ladder, staircase, going upwards. In the eleventh year of Prophethood, on the 27th Rajab, Allah Almighty took His Prophet (Sm) bodily from Masjidul Haram (at Makka) to Baitul Muqaddas and therefrom to the higher world of heavens in a journey within a short period of time. This journey of the Prophet of Allah (Sm) is called Miraj In this journey the Prophet (Sm) was carried by two speedy mounts named as 'Buraq' and Rafraf. He met the preceding Prophets and led them in two Rakat Salat. From there he crossed the seven heavens and was honoured with Didar' or vision of Allah. He was commanded for five times Salat a day. Miraj is the most singificant event in the life of the Prophet. This event inspired him for renewed efforts. Thus the importance of Miraj in the life of the Prophet is immense.

Migration to Madina

In 621 AC during the Hajj season, a team consisting of 12 members from Madina arrived at Makka. They met the Great Prophet (Sm) secretly at Aqaba valley and accepted Islam. After that year, a group of seventy-five members including two women, came to Makka during Hajj time. They met the Prophet (Sm) at Aqaba and accepted Islam. They invited the Great Prophet (Sm) to go to Madina and promised to protect him at all costs. The Great Prophet (Sm) accepted their invitation. When the spread of Islam was extremely hindered by the Quraish in Makka, the Prophet (Sm) kept waiting for Allah's commend to migrate to Madina.

When the infidels of Makka observed that the Muslims were leaving Makka. one after another and migrating to Madina and Makka was being deserted by Muslims, they thought the Great Prophet (Sm) might also leave the country. The apprehension that Muhammad (Sm) may leave Makka led them to decide to kill him collectively. Accordingly they at night laid siege to the liouse of the Great Prophet (Sm). They were waiting for dawn to kill him. But by the Glory of Allah, the Great Prophet (Sm) came out of his house avoiding their sight. He started for Madina accompanied by Hazrat Abu Bakr (Ra). He left Ali (Ra) in his house for returning the deposited wealth to the owners. The infidels, on entering the house found Hazrat Ali (Ra) on the bed of the Prophet (Sm). They were beside themselves with anger, but they had nothing to do at that time.

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Advancing to a certain distance, the Great Prophet (Sm) and Abu Bakr Siddiq (Ra) sought refuge in a cave named Thawr at Makka. Searching for them, the infidels came almost to the mouth of the cave. Observing the movements of the infidels near the cave Abu Bakr (Ra) became a bit perturbed. The Great Prophet said, "O Abu Bakr! Do not worry, Allah is with us." After three days stay in the Thawr cave, the Great Prophet (Sm) arrived at Madina on 24th September, 622 AC. One and all in Madina recieved him cordially.

We learnt from this lesson1. Prophethood of the Great Prophet (Sm) and his preaching of Islam.2. Introduction to Miraj and its importance.3. Migration of the Great Prophet (Sm) to Madina.

We shall learn the noble character of the Great Prophet (Sm) and shall realize its importance. We shall be able to tell it. We shall learn that real wellbeing in this life and hereafter depends on following his ideal. We shall endeavour to follow his ideal.

Hazrat Hamza (Ra)

Introduction

The great warrior and companion Hazrat Hamza (Ra) was an uncle of the great Prophet (Sm). His conversion to Islam was a sudden incident.

After being bestowed with Prophethood, the Great Prophet (Sm) started preaching Islam publicly. For this reason the infidels started opposition and oppression. In the meantime one day the Great Prophet (Sm) was in meditation at the foot of Safa mountain. The wicked Abu Jahl rebuked him in an extremely, objectionable language and struck him. Uttering not a word the Great Prophet (Sm) returned home. Hamza (Ra) had just returned from hunting. He came to know about this incident. He rushed angrily in that condition to the compound of Kaba. Seeing Abu Jahl sitting among other leaders of Quraish he roared like a lion. Striking Abu Jahl's head with his bow again and again, he said, "What! You dare rebuke my nephew and strike him!" Abu jahl replied, "I did so only because he speaks ill of our religion." Hamza declared, "So listen, I recite-La Illaha Illallahu Muhammadur Rasulullah (there is none to be worshipped except Allah, Muhammad (Sm) is His Messenger) and I accept Islam, the religion of Muhammad (Sm)." Hamza presently went the Great Prophet (Sm) and narrated the whole incident. He also informed him about his conversion to Islam. The Great Prophet (Sm) was very pleased by acceptance of Islam by a warrior like Hamza.

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Bravery

Hazrat Hamza (Ra) was a mighty brave warrior. He was honoured by the title of 'the lion of Allah and His Prophet's for his incomparable bravery. After accepting Islam Hamza (Ra) dedicated himself to the cause of the Great Prophet (Sm) and Islam. He remained like a shadow with the Great Prophet during different crises. When the Great Prophet (Sm) was engaged in preaching Islam secretly at the house of Arqam (Ra), the responsibility of security of the Prophet (Sm) and the Muslims rested with Hamza (Ra). Hazrat Hamza (Ra) earned name and fame for his excellent bravery in the battle of Badr. In that battle the Muslims kill many Quraish leaders including Abu Jahl.

In the battle of Uhud, Harnza (Ra) was one of the targets of the infidels for killing, beacuse many Quraish heroes were killed by Hamza (Ra) in the battle of Badr. As a result at one stage of the battle, Abyssinian slave Wahshi Ibn Harb with a'spear attacked him. He fell down on the ground and was martyred.

We shall learn about the boundless valour of Hazrat Hamza (Ra) and be able to tell them. We shall follow his ideal.

Hazrat Fatima (Ra)

Introduction

Hazrat Fatima (Ra) was the youngest daughter of the Great Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) and Hazrat Khadija (Ra). She was born in 605 AC at Makka. From her childhood she was as intelligent as the possessor of every good character. Her title was 'Zahra' (Exquisitely beautiful or paragon of beauty) and 'Batul' (sacred, indifferent to worldly things). The Great Prophet loved her very much. She was married to Hazrat Ali (Ra) after the battle of Badr in the second year of Hijri.

Simple life styleHazrat Ali (Ra), the husband of Hazrat Fatima (Ra) was very poor. He used to earn his livelihood by hard labour. Due to poverty they used ,to live with one meal a day or even without a meal throughout the day. Sometimes they were starving for two three days. Yet they did never lose patience. They were always beaming with contentment. Fatima (Ra) used to perform by herself all her domestic duties. She herself would do everything from rearing up of children, service to the husband as well as all other activites. Blister would develop in her hands for pressing millstone. She had no slaves. She did not like decoration or pomp and grandeur. She used to lead a simple life.

CharityDespite poverty, Fatima (Ra) was very much charitable. She never returned a beggar empty-handed. Even after starvation for 2-3 days, if some provision was arranged and

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if at the moment a beggar came to her door, she would hand it over to the beggar. She herself would spend her day simply by drinking water.

Devotion to father

When in deathbed, the Prophet (Sm) asked her to come and said to her, "O my mother! I shall be no more, I shall take leave of you. " Fatima (Ra) was grief-stricken and began to cry. Seeing this, the Prophet (Sm) brought his face to her ear and whispered, "Mother! Of all members of my family you will be the first to join me." Hearing this, Fatima (Ra) smiled with pleasure. Hazrat Fatima had acquired all the qualities of her ideal parents. She had devotion to truth, patience, charity, modesty, loyalty to husband, dependence on Allah etc. all the noble qualities. She is the leader of all women in Jannat. Fatima (Ra) was the apple of the Prophet's eye. The Prophet (Sm) said, "whoever gives trouble to Fatima, he infact gives trouble to me." (Bukhari) Hazrat Fatima (Ra) was the mother of Imam Hasan and Imam Hussain (Ra). The ideal of the women of the world, Hazrat Fatima (Ra) breathed her last in the eleventh Hijri 633 AC. six months after the demise of the Great Prophet (Sm)

We shall learn Fatima (Ra)'s life and be able to tell it. We shall follow her ideal of life.

Hazrat Bilal (Ra)

Introduction

Hazrat Bilal (Ra) was an Abyssinian (Ethiopian) slave. The name of his father is Ribah and the name of his mother is Hamama. His nickname was Abu Abdullah. Bilal (Ra) was a slave of Umaiya Ibn Khalf. He accepted Islam at its early period.

Sufferings

Bilal's master effected indescribable oppression on him for his acceptance of Islam and pressed him hard for giving it up. Bilal replied in unequivocal words, "I shall not forsake Islam so long as my soul is within my body whatever oppression might be inflicted upon me." Bilal's steadfastness made his master extremely angry and he tormented him in an inhuman manner. He kept him starving from morning till dusk and struck him mercilessly. As a result his body was cracked at places and blood would spring up. In this condition he was put in the evening in a room with bad odour after fastening his neck like an animal. Sometimes he was forced to lie on his back facing the scorching sun at midday in the desert-large pieces of stone were put on his chest. Bilal would then fidget with grief, yet his master would have no mercy. In these circumstances Bilal (Ra) always-uttered 'Ahad Ahad'-Allah is one, Allah is one.

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This would enhance the anger of his master. He would increase the degree of oppressions. Sometime his master called the wicked boys of the locality and handed him over to them with rope in his neck.

The Prophet (Sm) on hearing the news of Bilal's oppression was very sad. But he had nothing to do. Once Abu Bakr (Ra), while passing through that path saw the horrible scene of oppression and became mortified. He thereafter purchased him at a high cost from the oppressing master and set him free. Bilal beamed with joy. He forgot all his sufferings.

Bilal migrated to Madina according to the order of the Great Prophet (Sm). He used to accompany the Prophet (Sm). He used to go ahead of the Prophet (Sm) with his stick in his hand when the Prophet (Sm) went out for 'Id or any other function. He would be in-charge of the provisions. He was therefore called Khazin, the treasurer or storekeeper of the Prophet (Sm). When after hijrat, the rite of Azan began, the Prophet (Sm) appointed Bilal as the first 'Muazzin'. Bilal (Ra) had the honour of reciting Azan on the roof of Kaba Sharif during the victory of Makka.

The Great Prophet (Sm) loved Bilal deeply. He breathed his last at Damascus in 20AH/641 AC at the age of sixty.

We shall follow the ideal of Bilal (Ra). We shall remain firm in the path of justice and truth. We shall never submit to injustice and wrong.

Hazrat Khalid Ibn Walid (Ra)

The famous companion and great warrior Hazrat Khalid Ibn Walid was born in Banu Makhzum of the Quraish tribe. His mother Lubaba Bint Harith was the sister of Hazrat Maimuna (Ra) the wife of the Prophet (Sm). From this point, the Prophet (Sm) was his maternal uncle. While he was a teen-ager, he became an expert in the art of horse riding, archery and swordmanship. He accepted Islam in the eighth year of Prophethood. He was as valiant as skilled in warfare. Before he accepted Islam, he waged war against the Muslims along with the infidels. He was among the infidels during the Battle of Uhud. At one stage he caused serious threat to the Muslims by his war tactics. After he accepted Islam, the Muslim army was victorious in various battlefields due to his skillful direction.

Bravery and war strategy

In the Battle of Muta, he exhibited his unbounded bravery and incomparable war strategy. The Battle of Muta took place in the 8th Hijri. At the first phase of this battle, the Muslims faced disaster. Three commanders 'of Muslim army martyred one after another. This caused mental upset of the Muslim army. At this critical juncture,

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Hazrat Khalid Ibn Walid (Ra) exhibited surprising inspiration and bravery. This revived the inspiration of the Muslim army multiplied many times. They started fighting with new zeal. Besides, he rearranged the army in a fresh style. He placed the front line fighters in the rear, and rear line fighters in the frontline, right wing to the left and left wing to the right. Seeing this, the infidel army became unnerved. They thought that the Muslims had brought new forces from Madina. So all on a sudden they fled away from the battlefield. The Muslims were victorious. Charmed by the bravery and valour of Hazrat Khalid (RA) in the battle of Muta, the Great Prophet (Sm) bestowed the title of'Saifullah'- the sword of Allah on him. He participated in the victory of Makka. He led the Muslim army in the ninth Hijri against the Christian king of Dumatul Jandal.

He also led the expedition against Najran in the tenth Hijri.

After the demise of the Great Prophet (Sm), Hazrat Abu Bakr (Ra) became the Caliph and put the responsibility of the commander in chief on Khalid Ibn Walid (Ra). Hazrat Abu Bakr (Ra) sent Khalid Ibn Walid against the pretender Tulaiha in the eleventh Hijri. Besides he established peace in the Islamic State by subduing other pretenders including Musailima, the great lair and Sajah. He successfully led expeditions against Persia, Syria and Demascus.

Removal from the post of commander-in-chief

Immediately before the victory of Damascus, Hazrat Umar (Ra) removed him from the post of commander-in-chief in 635 AC. He received the letter of his removal and the appointment of Abu Ubaida Ibnul Jarrah (Ra) in his place while he was conducting the battle. Immediately he unfastened the sign of commander-in-chief and handed it over to Abu Ubaida. He then participated in the battle with a contented heart as an ordinary soldier. A real Muslim fights for the cause of Islam, not for a post. It is for this reason that Khalid Ibn Walid (Ra) a dedicated person to the service of Islam participated happily in the battle like an ordinary soldier when he was removed from the post of commander-in-chief.

Khalid IbnWalid (Ra) had dedicated his life to the service of Islam. His contribution to the spread and preaching of Islam is boundless.

Khalid Ibn Walid (Ra), the dedicated great hero, breathed his last at Madina in 21 AH/641 AC.

We shall learn about the bravery and achievement of Hazrat Khalid Ibn Walid (Ra) in the battlefield and be able to tell it. We shall follow his ideal.

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Hazrat Imam Shafiye (R)The world famous, wise erudite Imam Shafiye (R)'s full name is Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Idris As-Shafiye. His mazhab (school of thought) has been named as 'Shafiye mazhab' after his name. He came of Hashimi clan of the Quraish tribe in Makka. He was a distant relation of the Holy Prophet (Sm). He was born at Ghaza in palestine in 150 AH/767 AC. He lost his father in his childhood. After that her mother brought him to Makka. They led their lives in dire poverty. Possessing an extra ordinary memory, Shafiye, began his primary education in Makka. He memorized the whole Quran when his age was only seven years. Then he studied Arabic language and classical Arabic poetry. After that he learnt Hadith, Fiqh and other subjects from eminent scholars in Makka. At that time he memorized the famous book on Hadith 'Muatta'. He went to Madina when he was twenty. There he for longtime pursued higher studies in Hadith and different other branches of Islamic knowledge with Imam Malik Ibn Anas (R).

After completion of education, he went to Yemen and accepted a job. Serving there for a short while, he again left for higher education with famous Scholar Muhammad Ibn Hasan As-Shaibani (R). Staying there for sometime he went to Baghdad and started teaching. After that he went to Egypt. Since disorder prevailed there he went back to Makka. Again he went to Egypt in 200 AH. Wherever he went, he taught Fiqh and Hadith. Many a schola'r earned worldwide fame after they had been educated by him. Imam Shafiye was simultaneously an eminent Hadith specialist as well as an expert on Islamic Law. He was the founder of Islamic l1sulul Fiqh or jurisprudence. He wrote many books on Hadith, Fiqh, Usulul Fiqh and other branches of Islamic knowledge. Of his writings, the large book 'Kitabul umm' is world famous.

He breathed his last at Fustat in Egypt in 204 AH/820 AC.

We shall learn the life history of Imam Shafiye (R) and be able to tell it. We shall be inspired by his knowledge.

Hazrat Muyeenuddin Chishty (R)

Brief Life sketch

The world famous Wali (friend of Allah, saint). Hazrat Muyeenuddin Chishty (R) was born at the village of San jar-in Sisten of Iran in 537 AH. His father's name is Khawaja Ghyasuddin (R). He is known by the titles 'Aftab-e-Hind' (Sun of India) 'Sultanul Hind' (Spiritual Emperor of India) 'Gharib Newaz' (compassionate for the poor). The qualities of noble character were evident even in his childhood.

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Education

He memorized the Holy Quran at the age of nine years. After that he attained proficiency in different branches of Islamic knowledge including Tafsir (commentary on the Quran), Hadith and Fiqh. He came in contact with famous Wali Uthman Haruni (R) and stayed with him for a long period of time. He attained the highest spiritual knowledge (Marifat). According to the directives of his guide he travelled different countries preaching Islam. He took leave of his guide and arrived at Madina via Makka Sharif. Afterwards he started for India. At that time, India was under the oppressive Hindu rulers. So he at first arrived at Delhi. Thereafter he came to Ajmeer and stayed there. At his call, people in multitude were converted to Islam. As a result, the Hindu king of that area, being afraid of losing his kingdom started oppressing Muyeenuddin Chishty and his followers in various ways. But none of his tactics was of any avail against the supernatural power (karamat) of Muyeenuddin Chishty. On the contrary, "the number of the followers of Muyeenuddin Chishty (R) was increasing day by day.

After that Muyeenuddin Chishty (R) began to preach Islam independently. Lakhs of non-Muslims accepted Islam owing to his preaching. The Muslims gave up shirk, bidat (innovation) and all other superstitions. They became clean and pure Muslims. His contribution towards the spread of Islam in India will remain forever in golden letters.

Beauty of character

Hazrat Muyeenuddin Chishty (R) was blessed with all the good qualities of character. He used to love the poor and distressed people. Innumerable helpless, poor and shelterless people would stay at his place. The acceptance of Islam by lakhs of non-Muslims was not due to any war, rather it was for their being charmed by the beauty of his cahracter. 'Anisul Arwah' is his famous book. The great saint Hazrat Muyeenuddin Chishty (R) breathed his last in 633 AH. He was buried in Ajmeer near his Khanqah (place of meditation).

Muyeenuddin Chishty (R) has left behind him an exemplary ideal for preaching and spread of Islam. We shall follow his ideal.

Sheikh Sharafuddin Abu Tawama (R)

Introduction

Sheikh Sharafuddin Abu Tawama (R) is the man whose contribution to spread of the study of the Quran and Hadith in ancient East Bengal is limitless. He was born in Bukhara of present day Uzbekistan Republic. His father was a famous Islamic scholar.

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EducationGifted with extra-ordinary genius Abu Tawama (R) attained proficiency in different branches of Islamic studies including Quran, Hadith and Fiqh. He earned the reputation specially in the commentaries of Bukhari Sharif, the famous book on Hadith. Even after completing his studies in his own country, Abu Tawama's thirst for acquiring knowledge was not quenched. So he went to Khurasan in Iran. There he pursued higher studies in various subjects along with Islamic Studies. In a short while, his fame spread throughout every comer.

Spread of knowledgeAfter the completion of his studies, Abu Tawama (R) engaged himself in disseminating education and preaching. He arrived in Delhi from Khurasan travelling through different places. There he established a mosque and a Madrasha attached to it. He began teaching Islamic studies including Quran and Hadith. Within a short time students from far-flung areas began to gather there for pursuing knowledge. The ruler of Delhi at that time, Sultan Ghyasuddin Balban was religious minded man. He became charmed by the fame of Abu Tawama (R). Occasionally he himself attended his institution for Study.

ConspiracyThe fame and honour of Abu Tawama (R) created envy in the minds of some wicked people. They began giving evil counsel to the Sultan. They branded as a rival to Sultan's throne. At last the Sultan asked him to leave Delhi. He started for Sonargaon, the capital of East Bengal at that time. He arrived at Sonargaon in 668 AH. and set up a big Madrasah. He started teaching there. Within a short period the name and fame of the Madrasah spread all around. Students began to flock there. The ruler of Sonargaon at that time was Ghyasuddin Azam Shah. Being charmed with Abu Tawama (R) he co-operated with him. His Madrasah was just like a modern Islamic university. Sheikh Abu Tawama possessed vast knowledge of the Quran and Hadith. Besides he was an expert in other subjects too. He established laboratory, Khanqa (place of meditation), langar Khana (place where food is distributed in charity), mosque and training centre. In that training centre, arrangement was made for making the learners self-dependent. One student of this institution, Sharafuddin Yahya Muneri got the reputation of the greatest shcolar of that age. Besides being an expert in different branches of knowledge and a wise man, he was also a saint and spiritual devotee. The foundation of Islamic education and culture was strengthened owing to his untiring efforts. He breathed his last in 700 AH. at Sonargaon.

We shall learn the life history of Hazrat Sheikh Abu Tawama (R) and be inspired by his endeavours in the pursuit of knowledge and preaching. We shall engage ourselves in the dissemination of knowledge and preaching of Islam.

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Maulana Karamat Ali Jaunpuri (R)

Introduction

Maulana Karamat Ali Jaunpuri (R) was one of the preachers of Islam in Indian subcontinent. He was a lineal of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (Ra). He was born of a respectable Muslim family at Jaunpur in Uttar Pradesh of India in 1215 AH. His father Abu Ibrahim Sheikh Muhammad Imam Bakhsh was a religious leader of the area.

Education

He had extra-ordinary knowledge in Arabic, Urdu, Persian etc languages. He earned proficiency in many branches of knowledge including Quran, Hadith, and Fiqh. At a very early age, the fame of his noble character, oratory and devotion to knowledge spread all around.

He felt sorry for the Muslims seeing that they were involved in various superstitions and un-Islamic conduct and behavior. He began to think about removal of these evil deeds. So from his student life he used to visit, during leisure hours, the houses of Muslims for preaching Islam. He taught them Salat, Sawm etc. He urged upon them to give up the rites and customs of non-Muslims.

After completion of the study, Maulana Jaunpuri (R) in accordance with the direction of his guide Shah Abdul Aziz Mahaddith-e-Dehlvi (R) engaged himself in preaching and propagating Islam. He preached Islam at first in Jaunpur, Ghazipur, Azamgarh and Faizabad area. By establishing many mosques, madrasahs, maktabs in these places, he arranged for making the people pure Muslims. After that he travelled for fifty-one years vast areas including Assam, East Bengal, Kolkata and West Bengal. He went door to door of the Muslims in these areas and preached Islam. His all-pervading preaching for such a long period resulted in a revival of Islam. They were being free from Shirk, bidat and various superstitions. People of Assam and Bengal at that time were accustomed to un-Islamic culture,- customs and costumes. He went from door to door of the Muslims and urged upon them to adopt Islamic conduct and character giving up the condemnable culture. He preached Islam in various parts of present day Bangladesh including Dhaka, Chittagong, Noakhali, Faridpur and Barisal. In these areas he established innumerable mosques and madrasahs. He wrote many valuable books. His book 'Miftahul Jannat' is warmly received by all.

Travelling throughtout Bangladesh, he, at one time arrived at Rangpur town. Here he breathed his last on 3rd Rabiutthani Friday in 1290 AH.

We shall follow his ideal. We shall observe Islamic culture and conventions. We shall keep aloof from condemnable culture and superstitions.

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ExerciseMultiple Choice Question1. Under whose feet was the 'Jamjam kup' created?

(a) Hazrat Ismail (A) (b) Hazrat Ibrahim (A)

(c) Hazrat Nuh (A) (d) Hazrat Shish (A)

2. Which is focused in slaughter of Ismail, the child of Hazrat Ibrahim (A)-

(a) Sacrifice (b) Patience

(c) Honesty (d) Sympathy.

3. Hazrat Yusuf (A) was-

(a) The commerce minister (b) The food minister

(c) The finance minister (d) The home minister

4. Who rebuked the Prophet (Sm) and named im as crazy magician etc?

(a) The Quraish of Mecca (b) The kafir of Mecca

(c) The opponents of Islam (d) The Jews

Answer the Questions 5 and 6 according to the following passage.

Rifat became impatient due to physical illness. His friend Wali consoled him and said that Hazrat Aiub (A) had suffered from serious disease. Sore was formed in his whole body and insects began to grow. But he did not stop Zikr of Allah.

5. What should Rifat do during the illness?

(i) To be patient.

(ii) To take advice from the doctor.

(iii) To take medicine according to his own opinion.

Which of the following is correct ?

(a) i (b) ii

(c) iii (d) i and ii

6. Hazrat Ayub (A) was involved in the Zikr of Allah because---

(i) He was a Prophet.

(ii) He wanted to attain the satisfaction of Allah

(iii) He was afraid of the local people.

Which of the following is correct ?

(a) i (b) ii

(c) iii (d) i, ii and iii

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Creative question

1. The new sun of Zilhaij has arrived and Tahmina said, "Father when will the Eid -ul -Azha be held? Father told that after ten days on the 10th Zilhajj. Tahmina said "Since when have the slaughter of beasts been started? Father replied that Hazrat Ibrahim (A) went to slaughter his son Ismial and a dumba was slaughtered instead of his son by the grace of Allah. Since then the slaughter of beast began.

(a) Who was Hazrat Ismail (A)?

(b) Why did Hazrat Ibrahim wanted to slaughter his son, Ismail ?

(c) What lesson can we learn from the event of slaughter of Hazrat Ismail (A) ?

(d) Write the instance of patience of Hazrat Ismail (A) by the proposal of his father.

2. Muntasir has heard that the Muslims are being oppressed by the opponents in different countries. The Muslim of early age of Islam were also oppressed for accepting Islam. The Quraish oppressed Hazrat Belal. He was oppressed mercilessly but did not leave Islam, -rather he said 'Ahad' 'Ahad.'

(a) What is the meaning of 'Ahad' ?

(b) Explain the cause of oppression of Belal.

(c) If Muntasir is oppressed for accepting Islam, what should he do? Explain.

(d) How does Islam teaches sacrifice and patience? Discuss according to Hazrat Belal (R).

3. Mr. Shabbir Ahmed took his sick father from village to the town for treatment. After diagnosis, diabetic was identified and there began a problem in his kidney. After a long treatment in the hospital there was no sign of improvement. After one year, his eyes were attacked. Shabbir Ahmed kept his father in his house for treatment. Two brothers of Shabbir Ahmed used to see their father at hospital but now they did not. Mr. Shabbir was discussing with his daughter Nurjahan about the illness of Hazrat Aiub (A) and his wife's nursing for him. Nurjahan said, Father, we can take lesson from the nursing and patience from the wife of Hazrat Aiub (A).

(a) What was the name of the wife of Hazrat Aiub (A)?

(b) Explain the matter of illness of Hazrat Aiub (A).

(c) What can Nurjahan learn from the nursing of the wife of Hazrat Aiub (A)? Explain.

(d) "Nursing for the ill is a noble profession" write clearly.

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Observation and overal evaluation

1. To review the student's knowledge, skill and attitude in the field of Islamic Studies.

2. To test the perimeter of understanding of Islamic subject matter.

3. To observe the participation of the students during lesson in the classroom and their mastery over the major aspects of the studied matters through question and answer.

4. To test the knowledge, experience and skill of the students in the subject taught in class seven through, if possible, weekly, monthly and annual discussion meeting by the participation of the students through question and answer.

5. To test whether the students have developed the tendencey to perform ibadat.

6. To evaluate the record of results in discussion among the students of own and similar other institutions on Islamic studies and the result of essay competition.

7. To evaluate the record of the students eagerness and performance in cleaning of mosque, prayer room, Maktab and library.

8. To evaluate the students concept and experience in studying Quran, Hadith, Islamic literature, journals and newspapers.

9. To evaluate the acquired concepts and experience in observance and realizing the importance of Islamic injunctions in individual, family and social life.

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Table of observation and evaluation

Dress Conduct AttendanceProgramme of

religioussocial activites

Remarks ofTeacher/guardian

Overallevaluation

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Bibliography for additional information

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Prescribed by the National Curriculum and Textbook Board · Tawhid 1 Sura Ikhlas 48 Kufr 2 Verses of Supplication 49 Shirk 3 AI-Hadith Iman Mufassal 4 Sihah Sitta,Hadith on Supplication

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