Falk Amelung RSMAS - University of Miami Sang-Ho Yun Stanford University Thomas Walter now at GFZ Potsdam Asta Miklius Hawaii Volcano Observatory
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Falk Amelung RSMAS - University of Miami
Sang-Ho YunStanford University
Thomas Walternow at GFZ Potsdam
Asta MikliusHawaii Volcano Observatory
Pinatubo 1991
Luzon M7.8earthquake
100 km
Mount Pinatuboerupted 9 monthsafter earthquake
Bautista et al., 98
Did the earthquake trigger the eruption, and how ?
Karymksy 1996
50 km
M7.2 1996earthquake
Karymskyerupted 2 daysafter earthquake
Karymksy 1996
Static stress changes may explain the eruption !
Static stress changes due to earthquake
Galapagos Islands
Fernandina
Isabela Island
Fernandina1992-1998 ERS interferog
1995 radial dike
2005 circum-ferential dike
Jonsson et al.,
FernandinaEruptions in1995,13 May 2005
Galapagos Islands
Fernandina
Isabela Island
Fernandina1992-1998 ERS interferog
1995 radial dike
2005 circum-ferential dike
Jonsson et al.,
Static stress changesFernandina1992-1998 ERS interferog
1995 radial dike
2005 circum-ferential dike
Modelling of changes in the stress field along caldera-bounding “rift zone”
Static stress changesFernandina1992-1998 ERS interferog
1995 radial dike
2005 circum-ferential dike
clampingunclamping
Normal stress
3D view
Static stress changesFernandina1992-1998 ERS interferog
1995 radial dike
2005 circum-ferential dike
clampingunclamping
Normal stress
3D view
Conclusion:2005 dike intruded in area un-clamped by the 1995 dike !
unclamping
Fernandina1992-1998 ERS interferog
1995 radial dike
2005 circum-ferential dike
clampingunclamping
unclamping
Fernandina and Isabela Islands - Ground DeformationSierra Negra volcano
0
trapdoor faulting in 1998
Sill at 2 km depth
Sierra Negra volcano
ERS interferograms
Fernandina and Isabela Islands - Ground Deformation0
trapdoor faulting in spring 200
Sierra Negra volcano
Envisat interferograms
Sierra Negra volcano0
north-south cross-section
eruption 22 Oct 2005 trapdoor faulting in spring 20
Envisat interferograms
eruptions 1979, 2005
?, 1998, 2005
Conclusion:2005 eruption site consistent with propagating sill model
sill propagation model
Simulation: Sang-ho Yun
The Hawaiian Volcanoes
Mauna Loa: eruptions in 1950, 1984Kilauea: continuous eruption since 1983
Photos: HVO
Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii
Inflation since May 2002~ 7 cm/yr extension across caldera
ALEP
ELEP
Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii2002-2003 Radarsat A3 interferogram
Stacked Interferograms
Ascending,Beam 3
Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii
stack of 4 Interferogramsascending S3
Stacked Interferograms una Loa volcano, stacks of RSAT interferogra
Stacked Interferograms una Loa volcano, stacks of RSAT interferogra
Stacked Interferograms una Loa volcano, stacks of RSAT interferogra
Mauna Loa volcano: Kinematic Model
2-D velocity fieldfrom ~80 acquisitions
Mauna Loa volcano: Kinematic Model
Mauna Loa volcano: Kinematic Model
Mauna Loa volcano: Kinematic Model
Opening along Rift Zone
- maximum dike inflation south of caldera beneath summit resedeep rift intrusion, 0.25 m/yr openingmagma chamber, 4.5 km depth, 1-1.3 km radius
Kinematic model Dynamic model
variable magma excess pressure, point source,
halfspace
uniform magma excess pressure, finite source, topography (Williams & Wadge
method)
Mauna Loa magma plumbing system
Opening along Rift Zone
- maximum dike inflation south of caldera beneath summit rese
deep rift intrusion magma chamber 1-1.3 km radius
Dynamic model
uniform magma excess pressure, finite source, topography (Williams & Wadge
method)
Mauna Loa magma plumbing system
Opening along Rift Zone
- maximum dike inflation south of caldera beneath summit reseInflation of magma plumbing System encourages decollement faulting !
Status stress changes
Conclusions
Fernandina: stress-transfer model predict location of
2005 circumferential dikeSierra Negra: sill propagation model pre
2005 eruptive dike
Mauna Loa: decollement slip consistent witchanges due to the inflation of
model magmatic sy
Conclusions
Fernandina: stress-transfer model predict location of
2005 circumferential dikeSierra Negra: sill propagation model pre
2005 eruptive dike
Mauna Loa: decollement slip consistent witchanges due to the inflation of
model magmatic sy
job ad: grad. student, opportuniti
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