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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Motorcycle Safety Foundation
2 Jenner, Suite 150
Irvine, CA 92618
www.msf-usa.org
Preparing Riders to S.E.E. Better:
MSF Tools for Improving Hazard Perception
Ray OchsDirector of Training Systems
Tim BuchePresident and Chief Executive Officer
id22264625 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Presentation Purpose
1. Provide a rationale for hazard perception training.
2. Show how hazard perception training connects with executive functions.
3. Demonstrate how MSF incorporated hazard perception into its programs.
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Defining Key Terms
�Hazard Perception� S.E.E.� Executive Functions�RETS
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Defining Hazard Perception
The ability to identify potentially dangerous traffic situations. (Crick and McKenna, 1992)
The process whereby a road user notices the presence of a hazard. (McDonald, 2002)
Seeing and understanding accurately. (MSF)
Note MSF expands into Rider Perception.
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Rider Functions
Visual Cognitive Motor
Skill
Search Evaluate Execute
SEE
Defining S.E.E.
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Defining Executive FunctionsHigher-order brain/mind processes:
� Goal Setting� Planning� Organizing� Prioritizing� Initiating� Shifting� Monitoring
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Defining RETS
Rider Education and Training System of the Motorcycle Safety Foundation
(MSF)
A System of Safety Programs to Develop Safe and Responsible Riders
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Rationale for Hazard Perception Training
1. What is the primary cause of rider crashes?� Interaction of factors.
2. What is a good rider?� One who reduces contributing factors.
3. How does a good rider reduce factors?� Applies a strategy�S.E.E. (Search-Evaluate-Execute)
4. How long does it take to reduce risk?� It�s a decision away!
5. What is the primary challenge to be safe?� Choosing to ride within personal and situational limits.
The Human Factors Central Thread of RETS: 5 Core Questions
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Rationale for Hazard Perception Training
1. What is the primary cause of rider crashes?� Interaction of factors
2. What is a good rider?� One who reduces contributing factors
3. How does a good rider reduce factors?� Applies a strategy�S.E.E. (Search-Evaluate-Execute)
4. How long does it take to reduce risk?� It�s a decision away!
5. What is the primary challenge to be safe?� Choose to ride within personal and situational limits
Rider Perception
The Human Factors Central Thread of RETS: 5 Core Questions
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Rationale for Hazard Perception Training
1. What is the primary cause of rider crashes?� Interaction of factors
2. What is a good rider?� One who reduces contributing factors
3. How does a good rider reduce factors?� Applies a strategy�S.E.E. (Search-Evaluate-Execute)
4. How long does it take to reduce risk?� It�s a decision away!
5. What is the primary challenge to be safe?� Choose to ride within personal and situational limits.
Executive Functions
The Human Factors Central Thread of RETS: 5 Core Questions
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Rider Perception in MSF Programs
Introduced and developed in basic programs.
Expanded in advanced programs.
Enhanced at every opportunity.
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Mental
Physical Social
EmotionalRider TasksI feel like�.
Factors other than physical
skill contribute to crashes.
Rider Perception in MSF Programs
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Ladder
Of
Risk
Crash
Chain
Rider Perception in MSF Programs
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RiderRadar
Rider Perception in MSF Programs
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Safety Margins
Time & SpaceRider-Motorcycle
Tires-Pavement
Rider Perception in MSF Programs
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Total Stopping Distance
Rider Perception in MSF Programs
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
BRAKE OR SWERVE
SMART
RISKY
RESPOND MORE TIME & SPACE
REACT
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Risk Scale
Resulting
Risk
Scale
Skill Scale
High High
LowLow
Bad Risk Offset
Good Risk Offset
No Risk Offset
Riding the Edge
Higher Risk
Lower Risk
Risk Offset
Rider Perception in MSF Programs
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Street Smart � Rider Perception Kit
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Street Smart � Rider Perception(SSRP)
Part 1: Introduction to Perception
Part 2: Improving Perception
Part 3: Analysis of Collision Traps
Part 4: Road Sign and Collision-Trap Practice
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4 Parts to SSRP
Segments from Part 1: Introduction
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See
the
Difference
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Numbers Sheet in Participant Workbook
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Numbers Sheet in Participant Workbook
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
1. Have a plan or a strategy.
2. Use aggressive vision.
3. Know where to look.
4. Know what to look for.
5. Pay attention to what is important.
Most riders do better in traffic if they:
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What do you see here?
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What do you see here?
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You are on your motorcycle traveling down a U.S. roadway
and observe this�
What do you see when riding?
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The trap here is:
a. A pedestrian in the crosswalk.
b. The van is blocking your view.
c. Oncoming car is poised to turn left in front of you.
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Negotiating this curve has increased risk because:
a. There is a downhill grade.
b. The guardrail blocks escape to the right.
c. Debris on the road surface.
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4 Parts to SSRP
Segments from Part 2: Improving Perception
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Our central vision is a 3-degree cone.
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Our peripheral vision (with vision in both eyes)
is above 180 degrees.
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Using Peripheral Vision.
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VISION CHALLENGE!
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5 sets of 4 numbers
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2 4 8 3
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5 2 1 8
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5 sets of 5 numbers
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8 3 6 7 2
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6 5 8 2 0
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5 sets of 6 numbers
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8 4 7 2 1 9
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5 7 6 9 2 8
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Single Sign
Sign Perception
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2 Signs
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4 Parts to SSRP
Segment from Part 3: Analysis of Collision Traps
(To Search & Evaluate)
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You are on your motorcycle and traveling down a U.S. roadway
and observe this�
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Blind Intersection
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4 Parts to SSRP
Segments from Part 4: Practice
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7 sets of 10
3 Sets of 10
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
7 sets of 10
3 Sets of 10
Flash speed of road signs: 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 seconds
Flash speed of collision traps: 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 seconds
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MSF Website: www.msf-usa.org
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Hazard Perception and Executive Functions
Physical
Mental
Social
Emotional
� Goal Setting� Planning� Organizing� Prioritizing� Initiating� Shifting� Monitoring
Developing value for hazard perception.
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Executive functions regulate a person�s goal oriented
behavior. It contextualizes intended actions in light of
past knowledge and experience, current situation
cues, expectations of the future, and personally
relevant values and purposes.
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Skills AttitudeKnowledge Habits Values
Clutch/Throttle Control
Straight-line Riding
Braking Turning Shifting
Strategy Perception Judgment
Cornering Braking Swerving
Conspicuity Protective Gear
Self Assessment
Safety Renewal
Self Control
Motorcycle
Safety
Foundation
RETS
Safety
Pyramid
Courtesy Cooperation
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Skills AttitudeKnowledge Habits Values
Clutch/Throttle Control
Straight-line Riding
Braking Turning Shifting
Strategy Perception Judgment
Cornering Braking Swerving
Conspicuity Protective Gear
Self Assessment
Safety Renewal
Self Control
Motorcycle
Safety
Foundation
RETS
Safety
Pyramid
Courtesy Cooperation
ExecutiveFunctions
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Skills AttitudeKnowledge Habits Values
Clutch/Throttle Control
Straight-line Riding
Braking Turning Shifting
Strategy Perception Judgment
Cornering Braking Swerving
Conspicuity Protective Gear
Self Assessment
Safety Renewal
Self Control
Motorcycle
Safety
Foundation
RETS
Safety
Pyramid
Courtesy Cooperation
AttentionInitiate
PrioritizeStrategize
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Skills AttitudeKnowledge Habits Values
Clutch/Throttle Control
Straight-line Riding
Braking Turning Shifting
Strategy Perception Judgment
Cornering Braking Swerving
Conspicuity Protective Gear
Self Assessment
Safety Renewal
Self Control
Motorcycle
Safety
Foundation
RETS
Safety
Pyramid
Courtesy Cooperation
ConsciouslySupervise
theMind
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, IsraelVRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Understanding everyday illusions will lead you to recalibrate the way
you approach your life to account for the limitations�and the true
strengths�of your mind.
�becoming aware of the illusion of attention can help us to take
steps to avoid missing what we need to see.
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VRU Conference 2010 Jerusalem, Israel
Motorcycle Safety Foundation
2 Jenner, Suite 150
Irvine, CA 92618
www.msf-usa.org
Ray OchsDirector of Training Systems
Tim BuchePresident and Chief Executive Officer