Preparing and Submitting Your Paper - CAPA - ACAM · preparing and submitting your paper ian w jones mpas, pa-c, ccpa, dfaapa capa-acam 2017 ottawa

PREPARING AND SUBMITTING YOUR PAPER

Ian W Jones MPAS, PA-C, CCPA, DFAAPA CAPA-ACAM 2017 Ottawa

This Scholar and Communicator session is to aide participants in preparing submissions and achieving publication. Specific objectives include:

Recalling where and how to share knowledge in the PA world; Explain the structure and implication of Journal Impact Factors; Describe the editorial process in medical journals; and Develop an appreciation for the provided guide to authors.

Let me tell you a little story

#CAPA2017

@ianjonesMPAS

Do you think what you do makes a difference?

• Physician assistants in Canada: Update on health policy initiatives

Ian W. Jones, MPAS PA-C CCPA

Roderick S. Hooker, PhD PA

Can Fam Physician. 2011 Mar; 57(3): e83–e88

• Cited by at least 23 Articles

• Establishing and growing the scope of practice of physician assistants: Eliseo Orrantia, Stephanie St Amand

• Potential of physician assistants to support primary care: Evaluating their introduction at 6 primary care and family medicine sites. Sarah Bowen, Ingrid Botting, et al

• Qualitative study of employment of physician assistants by physicians: Benefits and barriers in the Ontario health care system Maureen T. Taylor, D. Wayne Taylor, Kristen Burrows, et al

What is a medical journal good for? Canadian Family Physician September 2017, 63 (9) 662

• We must dare to think about “unthinkable things” because when things become unthinkable, thinking

stops and action becomes mindless.

"James William Fulbright"

Former editor of the BMJ, Richard Smith

• Described medical journals - pitfalls of peer review; lousy at detecting fraud or plagiarism; conflicts of interest particularly with the pharmaceutical industry

• Primary functions—selecting and publishing relevant, high-quality research and supporting continuing professional development—rated poorly somewhere b/t 2 and 4 out of 10.

• Thought rated medical journals highly 9/10 for the very thing we least expect them to do: putting issues on the agenda—for example, the social determinants of health, climate change, and the effects of colonization on the health of Indigenous people

Share knowledge in the PA world • Multidisciplinary Cancer

Care: Development of an Infectious Diseases Physician Assistant Workforce at a Comprehensive Cancer Center

• Candice N. White, MPAS, PA-C, Roy A. Borchardt, PhD, PA-C, Mary L. Mabry, PA-C, Kathleen M. Smith, MPAS, PA-C, Victor E. Mulanovich, MD, and Kenneth V. Rolston, MD

Share Knowledge in the PA world

• Journal of the Academy of Physician Assistants (JAAPA) has specific instructions and guidelines for submitting articles. These author instructions and guidelines are readily available on the submission service site.

• http://journals.lww.com/jaapa/Pages/authorguidelines.aspx

The Journal of Physician Assistant Education

• Has specific instructions and guidelines for submitting articles and uses a submission service site.

• Articles that are not submitted in accordance with our instructions and guidelines are more likely to be rejected.

• Article and keyword search functionality to review articles and topics already published in the journal.

The PA Journey - A Canadian Perspective.

• Total Pageviews 116,033

http://eden-pa.blogspot.ca/2017/10/what-makes-great-supervising-physician.html

Take Home Message

Canadian PAs need to write about what we do and the difference it makes.

The Canadian PA Blog is a resource and community for anyone who wants to learn more about the Physician Assistant Profession in Canada

Hi I'm Anne,

Open Access Medical Journals

• “scholarly journals that are available online to the reader "without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.“

• Suber, Peter. "Open Access Overview". Retrieved 29 November 2014

https://benthamopen.com/MEDJ/home/

Open Access http://bmjopen.bmj.com/

• The involvement of physician assistants in inpatient care in hospitals in the Netherlands: a cost-effectiveness analysis

• Marijke J C Timmermans, Geert T van den Brink, Anneke J A H van Vught, Eddy Adang, et al

• Conclusions This study suggests that the cost-effectiveness on wards managed by PAs, in collaboration with MDs, is similar to the care on wards with traditional house staffing. The involvement of PAs may reduce personnel costs, but not overall healthcare costs. Trial registration number NCT01835444.

• Coming soon to a computer near you

• Hosted by Neil John McLean Health Sciences Library

• Max Rady College of Medicine Open Access Journal

• First Edition June 2018

The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) • An academic journal is a

measure reflecting the yearly average number of citations to recent articles published in that journal.

• ... Impact factors are calculated yearly for those journals that are listed in the Journal Citation Reports.

• Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants. Impact Factor: 0.343.

• Canadian Family Physician/Impact factor 1.808

• Canadian Medical Association Journal

• 6.8

• New England Journal of Medicine 72.406

General Principals reporting original research

• Papers need to follow “IMRAD” structure

• Research divided into Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections

• Not an arbitrary format but a reflection of the process of scientific discovery

• Formatting allows subheadings within sections to further organize content

Other General Principals

• Format and the structured abstracts differs from journal to journal, and some journals use more than one format;

• Authors need to prepare their papers and abstracts in the format specified by the journal they have chosen.

• Authors and editors should work in the process of revision and review to ensure that information is consistent in both places

• First Submission Rejection is common

Stick to the context-content-conclusion (C-C-C) scheme

• Memorable stories have a structure with a discernible beginning, a well-defined body, and an end.

• The beginning sets up the context for the story,

• The body (content) advances the story towards an ending in which the problems find their conclusions.

• This structure reduces the chance ““So what?” and ends with a conclusion

• When reviewing prior to saying done, ask:

• Is there a hypothesis?

• Are the methods used the best ones to answer the hypothesis?

• Are the data clearly presented and analyzed correctly?

• Does a statistician need to review this manuscript?

• Are the conclusions supported by the results?

• Is the discussion succinct?

Abstract • Original research, systematic reviews, and meta-

analyses require structured abstracts.

• Provide context or background, the study's purpose, basic procedures, main findings, and principal conclusions.

• Often the only substantive portion of the article indexed

• (Perhaps) Most people read only the abstract and judge your work

Tell a complete story in the abstract

• Abstracts for most readers are the only part of the paper that will be read.

• First sentence orients the reader by introducing the broader field in which the particular research is situated

• Successful context section sets the stage for distinguishing the paper’s contributions from the current state of the art by communicating what is missing in the literature (i.e., the specific gap) and why that matters

Reporting guidelines have been developed for different study designs

• http://www.consort-statement.org/ for randomized trials,

• http://strobe-statement.org/ for observational studies,

• http://prisma-statement.org/ for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and

• http://www.stard-statement.org/www.stard-statement.org/ for studies of diagnostic accuracy.

Electronic Formats • Electronic formats have created opportunities for

• adding details or sections, • layering information, • cross-linking, • or extracting portions of articles in electronic versions.

Supplementary electronic-only material should be submitted and sent for peer review simultaneously with the primary manuscript.

Format is all Important

• Title Page • Information about an

article includes the article title, author information, any disclaimers, sources of support, word count, and sometimes the number of tables and figures.

Introduction

• Gives context or background for the study • (that is, the nature of the problem and its significance).

• States the specific purpose or research objective of, or hypothesis tested by, the study or observation.

• Cite only directly pertinent references, and do not include data or conclusions from the work being reported.

Methods

• The Guiding principle of the Methods section should be to provide clarity about how and why a study was done in a particular way.

• Methods section should aim to be sufficiently detailed such that others with access to the data would be able to reproduce the results.

• Only information that was available at the time the plan or protocol for the study was being written

Ethics

• Methods must include a statement that the research was approved or exempted from an Ethics Review

• If no ethics committee, a statement indicating research conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki needs to be included.

Selection and Description of Participants

• Describe the selection of participants

• Eligibility and exclusion criteria

• Describe the source population (age, sex, or ethnicity)

• If exclusive population, e.g. only one sex, justify why,

• Authors should define how they measured race or ethnicity and justify their relevance

Technical Information

• Main and secondary objectives

• Identify precisely all drugs and chemicals used

• Describe statistical methods with enough detail to enable a knowledgeable reader with access to the original data to judge its appropriateness for the study and to verify the reported results

Results

• Present your results in logical sequence

• Do not repeat all the data in the tables or figures in the text;

• Only the most important observations.

• Provide data on all primary and secondary outcomes identified in the Methods Section.

Unless math paper – Avoid

Actually tables can work but not in presentations

Discussion Section

• Briefly summarizing the main findings,

• Explore possible mechanisms or explanations for those findings.

• State the limitations of your study, and

• Explore the implications of your findings for future research and for clinical practice or policy.

Reference Style and Format

•NLM's International Committee of Medical Journal Editors Recommendations

•Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals: Samples References are detailed in the NLM's Citing Medicine, 2nd edition.

• Does it explain the results in relationship to the current literature?

• Are all the tables and figures useful and understandable?

• Does the abstract reflect the manuscript correctly?

• Does the information in the What’s known/What’s new section reflect the manuscript correctly?

• Can you see yourself or your colleagues citing this article in your own writing on a similar subject?

When Reviewing Your Paper, ask:

Submission

Initial Review

• Once a manuscript is submitted, the journal’s editorial staff does a preliminary review and decides whether to send the manuscript to external peer reviewers.

• If an article is rejected without review, the authors should identify a different journal that might be a better fit, update the manuscript to match the writing style and formatting requirements of the new target journal, and submit to the new journal as soon as possible.

External Review Results

Seven Tips http://www.scientifica.uk.com/neurowire/7-tips-to-get-your-first-paper-published-in-a-journal

1. Tell a Story

2. Write first, edit later

3. Choose the Right Journal

4. Explain why your work is important

5. A Picture is worth a Thousand Words

6. Read, Read, Read and then Read more

7. If at first your don’t succeed . . .

In Conclusion

Any Clarity or Suggestions requested?

PREPARING AND SUBMITTING YOUR PAPER

Ian W Jones MPAS, PA-C, CCPA, DFAAPA CAPA-ACAM 2017 Ottawa