Prepared By Eng. Mohammad M. Hejjo - Islamic University of Gazasite.iugaza.edu.ps/mhajjo/files/2012/08/Gaza_Eng_Association.pdf · Air Conditioning ... In Gaza Strip 0.93 million

Prepared By

Eng. Mohammad M. Hejjo

July 2012

محافظات غزة –نقابة المهندسين

أسبوع الهندسة الكهربائية

وتكنولوجيا المعلومات

Association of Engineers - Gaza Governorates

Electrical Engineering and Information

Technology Week

Outlines 1

Introduction Demand-Side Adaptation Literature Review Main Contribution Marketing Approaches Air Conditioning Illumination Design Recommendations

load curve is a plot showing the variations of the power demand with respect to time

The objective of DSM activities is to change the load shape by making a reduction of the total load demand of the distribution system during the periods of peak time (and other appropriate times) in order to reduce the planning and operational cost of the network and wholes system[].

Introduction What and Why Demand-Side Adaptation ?

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Different types of loads Load variation over time

Power plants must meet demand Different unit size form a plant

The other choice is Demand-Side Adaptation

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Reductions in customer energy bills. Reductions in the need for new power plant,

transmission and distribution networks.

Reduced dependency on foreign energy sources

Quantity of Electricity Purchases (MWh) in the

Palestinian Territory in 2008

3.677 million per year

In Gaza Strip 0.93 million In West Bank 2.74 million

0.93 + 2.74 = 3.67 Million (MWh) per year

Demand Side Adaptation Why Try to Manage?

Demand-Side Adaptation Problem Concepts

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Demand-Side Adaptation The Most Famous Techniques

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Peak clipping Valley filling Load shifting

Peak clipping : Direct load control to make reduction of the peak loads

Valley filling : Constructing the off-peak demand by applying direct load control

Load Shifting : Combines the two methods and shifts loads from peak time to off-peak time

Demand-Side Adaptation The Most Famous Techniques

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Strategic Conservation

Strategic Load growth

Flexible Load Shape

Literature Review 7

Gellings, C.W., The concept of demand-side management for electric utilities, 1985. Proceeding of IEEE Volume: 73; Issue: 10 Nelson, S.K. , Screening demand-side management programs with a value-based test, 1992, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. Imad Ibrik and Salam Zagha, 1997. The Feasible Economic Operation of Nablus Electric Network. Palestine : Nablus Municipality Report. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, 2009. Energy Consumption in the Palestinian Territory Annual Report 2008. Ramallah - Palestine.

Contribution 8

Getting the public acceptance of the energy saving technologies

Reduced dependency on foreign energy sources Reductions in customer energy bills.

Cost

Marketing Approaches 9

• Customer education • Direct customer contact • Trade ally cooperation • Advertising and promotion • Alternative pricing • Direct incentives

Air Conditioning Loads Demand Adaptation

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Building A/C is the big demand problem 80 Million installed, 7+ Million units shipped last year

Source: PG&E Program Advisory Group for Energy Efficiency: HVAC PAG White Paper, Proctor Engineering

Air Conditioning Loads Demand Adaptation

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Use what nature provides 1. Transmit energy when consumer demand is low

2. Store cooling energy at night when its cool

permanently problemdeclining load factor Fix the by changing the poor load factors of commercial buildings

Move Building A/C energy to the Far Off-Peak

Created & Stored

High capacity factor Low capacity factor

12 Air Conditioning Loads Demand Adaptation

13 Air Conditioning Loads Demand Adaptation

14 Air Conditioning Loads Air Conditioning Energy Demand Sets Market Prices

Standard Air Conditioner KW vs. TDV "total cost"

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12:00 AM 6:00 AM 12:00 PM 6:00 PM

Time of Day

KW

De

ma

nd

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35

40

45

TD

V "

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Standard KW TDV Weight

24 Hour Total TDV "Cost" = 72

Highest Cost Energy

Conventional AC Energy Consumption

Real Time Energy Cost

Air Conditioning Loads Storage Transforms the Market = True Ratepayer Relief

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Ice Storage A/C KW vs. TDV "total cost"

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12:00 AM 6:00 AM 12:00 PM 6:00 PM

Time of Day

KW

Dem

an

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5

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45

TD

V "

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ISAC KW TDV Weight

24 Hour Total TDV "Cost" = 55

(24% savings)

Lowest Cost Energy Real Time Energy Cost

Ice Energy AC Energy Consumption

16 Air Conditioning Loads Companies and Brands

18 Illumination Design Tips and Tricks

T.-J. Park and S.-H. Hong, “Experimental case study of a bacnet-based

lighting control system,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 322–

333, Apr. 2009. Report 40% energy savings via enhanced lighting controls .

Ahmad M. Tartir, “Sustainable Energy Management In Commercial Sector In The West-Bank, Case Study of PALTEL Company”, An-Najah National University, 2010 Lighting in a typical building constitutes about 25% of the energy bills. The specific energy measures included in the lighting energy

efficient measure are: Extra lamp removal. Replace lamps from less efficient types to more efficient types. Install lighting control equipment to reduce the amount of

lighting in vacant spaces where not needed and reducing the length of time that the lights are on.

19 Results Summary

Imad Ibrik and Marwan Mahmoud, “Energy Efficiency Improvement by Raising of Power Factor at Industrial Sector in Palestine”, Energy Research Center, An-Najah National University, Pakistan Journal of Applied Science – 2002 The industrial sector in Palestine represent 15% of the total electrical

power consumption, the power losses in distribution network amount to 8%, the average power factor in the industrial and residential sectors varying in range from 0.65 to 0.8

The simple pay back period of improving PF to reach acceptable value as 0.95 is mostly less than one year.

The positive impacts of improving PF in industrial sectors, represented

in saving money and improving system efficiency by reducing the power losses in the low voltage distribution networks at about 25%.

Theses actions will save yearly a large amount of energy and money in both West-Bank and Gaza Strip about 6657111 US $/year

20 Results Summary

Basel T. Yaseen , “Energy Efficiency Improvement And Cost Saving Mesures In Some Different Industries In Palestine”, An-Najah National University, 2008

The savings in electric energy was around 277,800 kWh per year and the fuel savings around 66,000 liters per year.

On the national level (10 to 20%) savings from the total energy consumption in the industrial sector could be achieved

Ahmad M. Tartir, “Sustainable Energy Management In Commercial Sector In The West-Bank, Case Study of PALTEL Company”, An-Najah National University, 2010

Achieved a percentage of energy saving 15.3 % from total Paltel consumption of west bank, and that give us a good image for all PALTEL locations

suggested to use a new inverter air conditions, increase the insolation of the sites, using efficient light equipment's

20 Recommendations

Strengthen the role of Energy Research Center, and encourage other commercial facilities by encouraging investments in energy conservation programs within the sector.

Incentives use of energy efficient products under previous categories, by tax rebates to importers , like high efficient offices appliances, PL, LCDs, LEDs, air conditioning sys’s, rectifiers, etc..

Provide technical training for energy conservation practices in schools and vocational colleges and universities and also introduce and develop training and knowledge of energy saving practices to the private sector, especially commercial sector.

Support and improve utilization of renewable source especially of solar power as sunshine is abundant and clean source of energy, initially in some fields as streets lighting.

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Thank You