Prepared by: Assoc. Prof. Dr Bahaman Abu Samahpsm.upm.edu.my/3100/Bahan Pembelajaran/E3100 P5 Internet.pdf · Prepared by: Assoc. Prof. Dr Bahaman Abu Samah ... menggunakan Network

Prepared by:

Assoc. Prof. Dr Bahaman Abu Samah Department of Professional Development and Continuing Education

Faculty of Educational Studies

Universiti Putra Malaysia

Serdang

− Internet is network of networks which

comprises a large scale network that

connects millions of computers

− Each network provides various information

resources and services that can be accessed

through internet

− According to Internet World Stats a total of

1.997 billion internet users all over the world

Advanced Research

Projects Agency (ARPA)

telah diwujudkan untuk

menerajui dalam sains

dan teknologi berkait

dengan ketenteraan

1958

1969 ARPANET, satu projek

network, telah diwujudkan

menghubungkan

penyelidik di US.

ARPANET terdiri daripada

4 komputer utama terletak

di University of Carlifornia,

Los Angeles, University of

Carlifornia, Santa Barbara,

Stanford Research

Institute, dan University of

Utah.

1970 ARPANET hosts mula

menggunakan Network

Control Protocol (NCP).

1973 Sambungan

antarabangsa pertama

ke ARPANET: University

College of London

(England) and Royal

Radar Establishment

(Norway)

Ethernet, rankaian LAN

pertama diwujudkan di

Zerox PARC (Palo Alto

Research Center) oleh

Robert Matcalf. LAN

membolehkan komputer

berkomunikasi dan

berkongsi perisian, data

dan peralatan.

1982 DCA and ARPA establish

the Transmission Control

Protocol (TCP) and

Internet Protocol (IP), as

the protocol suite,

commonly known as

TCP/IP, for ARPANET.

This leads to one of the

first definitions of an

"internet" as a connected

set of networks.

DCA dan ARPA

menubuhkan

Transmission Control

Protocol (TCP) dan

Internet Protocol (IP)

untuk ARPANET

1986 NSFNET created

(backbone speed of

56Kbps)

NSF establishes 5 super-

computing centers to

provide high-computing

power for all.

National Science

Foundation (NSF)

menyambungkan

networknya (NSFnet)

terdiri daripada 5 pusat

supercomputer

1990 Negara-negara

dihubungkan ke NSFNET:

Argentina (AR), Austria

(AT), Belgium (BE), Brazil

(BR), Chile (CL), Greece

(GR), India (IN), Ireland

(IE), Korea (KR), Spain

(ES), Switzerland (CH)

1991 World Wide Web (WWW)

telah dibangunkan di

CERN olehTim Berners-

Lee

Marc Andreesen

membina Mosaic, satu

pelayar Web bergrafik.

Jim Clark dan Marc

Andreesen menubuhkan

Netscape dan

melancarkan Netscape

Navigator 1.0, satu

perisin pelayar Internet

Sun Microsystems

melancarkan Java, an

object-oriented

programming language.

NSFnet menamatkan

networknya ke Internet

dan kembali kepada

matlamat asal sebagai

rangkaian penyelidikan

Microsoft melancarkan

Internet Explorer 4.0.

50 juta pengguna

disambunkan ke Internet

dan WWW

− WWW is one of the main services in Internet

− WWW contains a large collection of electronic

documents or web documents

− Each web document consists of text, graphics sound,

video or links to other documentss/websites.

− Web browser is used to access webpages

Examples:

● Internet Explorer

● Netscape Navigator

● Firefox

Protocol

Domain/server

UserID

Webpage

– Each website has a unique address called Uniform

Resource Locator (URL)

– URL memberitahu pelayar Web tentang lokasi

sesuatu dokumen

– Elemen suatu URL:

http://www.ace.upm.edu.my/~bas/index.html

Internet usages include:

− WWW

− Eletronik Mail

− Internet Relay chat (IRC)

− File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

− Internet banking

− Internet commerce

Two types of Internet address:

IP address

– IP staands for Internet protokol

– Comprises four sets of numbers and

separated by a dot

– Each set of numbers ranges between 0 to 255

– Contoh:

172.16.240.151 – UPM

172.16.240.151 – Faculty of Educational Studies

172.16.33.2 – JPPPL

Domain name

– Domain name in text

– Each domain comprises an abbreviation for top-

level domain (TLD)

– TLD indicates the type of a particular organization

– Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and

Numbers (ICANN) is the body that assign manage

TLD

– Each domain includes country code except for USA

Examples:

www.psm.upm.edu.my

www.cimbclicks.com.my

Original TLD Type of Domain

com Business organization or companies

edu Educational institutions

gov Government agencies

mil Military organizations

net Network providers

org Non-profit Organizations

New TLD

museum Museum

biz Business

info Information services

name Individuaal or family

pro Profesional such as doctors and lawyers

aero Air freight companies

coop Business cooperatives

• Computer

• Modem/ethernet card

• Telephone line

• Register to any ISP

– Jaring (1992)

– TMNet (1995)

– Nasionet (1995)

– TimeNet (2000)

– Celcom Broad

band Joint Advanced Research Integrated networking project

− A large amount of information can be

accessed through internet

− These information can be used for various

purposes

− Three methods for information search:

1. Search engine

2. Subject directory

3. keyword

An application that can be used to search for

information

Popular search engines:

– Google google.com.my

– AltaVista altavista.com

– ilor ilor.com

– Yahoo yahoo.com

– Excite excite.com

– Catcha catcha.com

1. Search Engine

Portals provide services for

information search using subject

directories

Open the portal and simply click

on a subject

Portals that provide this subject

directory include:

– Yahoo

– AltaVista

2. Subject Directory

Simply type a keyword to search for a specific information

3. Keyword