Preliminary Site Survey , PFR and basic design of SHP plant

Hydro Power Plant Site survey , PFR & basic design

Ashish Verma M.Tech Energy system engineering College of Engineering studies500022066

Presentation agenda Site Survey for SHP plant Parameter , instrument & discharge data requirement Feasible Site selection

Preparation of pre feasibility report(PFR)What should be or not be in PFR Executive summary & Introduction Hydrology , Power potential and installed capacity Turbine technology selection Basic project structure Surrounding ecology and geology Project cost & break up Various Graph

Site Survey

Pre feasibility Report

Basic Design

Various Graph and pictures

Pre implementation activities

Financing

Preparation of plant for rehabilitation

Power Purchase agreement

Environment Clearance

Land Acquisition and forest land clearance

Approval of DPR

Detailed Project Report (DPR)

Pre Feasibility report (PFR)

Detailed investigation and Survey

Objective To roughly evaluation of feasibility of project To getting necessary data and figures for development

Measuring Parameter

Measurement river/ water body flow data Measurement of head ( Power α available head ) Topographical and geological condition of site Site accessibility – need to be address during planning stage Power evacuation point distance – determine power loss Power demand assessment

Methodology of HEPP Development

Site Survey: Hydrological & geological Survey.Estimation of PotentialRegulations & Environmental ConcernsFeasible SupplyTurbine SelectionCosting and Payback.

Hydrological Survey : flow duration curve To measure the flow-rate vs time at a given site.Direct Measurement of the flow rate.The more robust option is to find out the flow-rate by working out the volume of water that was entering the river. This uses the rainfall data from met office for two lean season

River flow measurement

Current Meter Method Measured by Electromagnetic current or propeller type current meter

Float measuring method

Bucket methodDirect measurement with a bucket Good for small flow in conduit

Wier Measuring method

Average Flow duration Curve

Average Flow duration CurveMean of 10 – 30 years

% of time

Dis

char

ge, C

umec

s

Qm

Q100%

Q95%

Q50%

Measuring Instrument Altimeter – for altitude measurement GPS – for location coordinate Camera – for capturing the location image Current meter – measuring the flow of water Distance meter -Depth meter – depth of the water body Clinometer Compass Hand level

Various studies during the Preliminary site survey

Hydro logical studies : Overall rain fall ,run off data ,principle river flow data , flood char. , from record of govt. department . Min ,avg and flood details

Topological studies : Tachometric survey and survey required depending upon the existing info and maps

Geological studies : Overall geological char. And local features , for transportation of material

Power demand assessment : Overall power demand scenario in the project near by area and existing infra for power evacuation

Site Survey

Pre feasibility Report

Basic Design

Various Graph and pictures

Why PFR ?Its pre feasibility report Required to investigate weather project is technically or financially feasible or not Aim of PFR is to examine next step to project formulation

Preparation of PFRs involves …….conceptual planning, preparation of project and equipment layouts, infrastructure requirement, environmental and geological studies, power evacuation arrangement, cost estimates and economic evaluation

Executive summary Introduction

Project location Map Project description Salient feature

Hydrology Climate Catchment area Rainfall

Power Potential and Installed capacity: basic principle based on the P0= QgH where Po is in Watt

Categories of Hydro Plant based on Power generation Micro : upto 100 kW Mini : 101 to 2000 kW Small : 2001 to 25000 kW Medium : 25001 to 50,000 kW Large : size above 50 MW

Classification based on available Head

Low head plant Up to 30 m.

Medium Head Plant Between 30 m to 300m

High head plant More than 300 m

Classification based on Turbine characteristics

Low specific speed Between 10 to 60

Medium specific speed Between 60 to 300

High specific speed Between 300 to 1000

Classification based on Load Characteristics

Base load plant Operates continuously and generate constant power

Peak load plant Supply power during the peak hours

Classification based on hydraulic characteristics

Run off river plant no water storage facility

Storage plant With poundage facility

Pump storage plant Act as battery

Tidal plant

Turbine Selection Based on direction of flow of water through the runner

Axial flow Axial flow

Radial flow Radial Flow

Tangential flow Tangential flow

Mixed flow Mixed flow

Based on action of water on the runner blades

Impulse turbine Entire pressure energy converted in to Kinetic energyExp: Pelton turbine Suitable for high head

Reaction turbine Partially convert pressure in to kinetic energy Exp. Francis , Kaplan turbine Suitable for Low head

Radial Flow

Tangential flow

Mixed flow

Turbine specification Particular Unit

Rated discharge Cumecs

Net head at rated discharge M

Gross head M

Site elevation M

System frequency Hz

Min Head M

Max Head M

Arrangement Horizontal /vertical

Type of turbine Impulse/ reaction

Unit speed Rpm

Runner pitch diameter Mm

Rated output kW

Intake type

Draft tube

Shafting arrangement

Hydro power plant arrangement

Project structure and civil work required

Trench weir

Diversion weir and intake

Desalting tank

Head race channel

Forebay tank, Spillways

Penstock

Power house building and tailrace channel

Project costing

Civil Work

Engineering and design

Indirect cost

Intial working capital

Contingency

Escalation during

construction

Surface geology and ecology Effect of geology during civil construction Impact on Flora and fauna Effect on fish and other water living beings Seismic effect during construction

Site photo graph Various flow duration curve

Basic design calculation : Example

Given data

Available power Turbine efficiency =0.88 & generator efficiency =0.94

Po= 9.81 *0.88*5.10 *92.0

=4050 kW

Parameter Units Water level at forbay 607.54 m Water level at tail race channel 511.21Gross head 96.33Head loss 4.33Net head 92.0 m100 % dependable discharge 5.10 cumecs

Design discharge for forebay = 100 % discharge * 1.05

Design discharge for head race = design dicharge of forebay /0.95

Design discharge for intake channel = design discharge for head race /0.85

Design discharge for Trench weir = design discharge for for inatke channel /0.95

Thank you