Pregled [godina 47, broj 3; maj-avgust 2006.]

8/2/2019 Pregled [godina 47, broj 3; maj-avgust 2006.]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pregled-godina-47-broj-3-maj-avgust-2006 1/249



IQQD >>1:-?:?2

^ZGOFG@čbql~iq {b `zwŢpsgdb ~ipbdkb

Jzlk1

Olìdb:>>3$

OlìŢpg

FXXXSI

Qbzbkgsl& mbk-bwowqp :>>3



^ZGOFG@Ćbql~iq {b `zwŢpsgdb ~ipbdkb

I{`bsbč;Wdisgz{ipgp w QbzbkgswQbzbkgsl& Ljbfb Ewfidb jbdb ?,IIJlqdb i Hgzagolsidb

Zg`beaikb čbql~iqb;Mghl JbŢiďGdgq @wzbelsiďMwqpbcb Imbmlsiď

Qgdbìd FbsiďMizel ^gkbdlsiďHi`bkgp Zg~lsbaQbcgp Qmbkeiď

Dwqzgp Qmbkflsiď

Ofbsdi i lòlslzdi wzg`die;Mizel ^gkbdlsiď

[bmkgdie ofbsdlo i lòlslzdlo wzg`dieb

Mwqpbcb ImbmlsiďI{szŢdi wzg`die w zg`beaiki;Qgdbìd Fbsiď

Wzg`die pgmg jzlkb;Mghl JbŢiď

Qgezgpbz zg`beaikg;Cwb`b Mwqfiď

Fgeplz;

[idbi`b Fbeiď@P^;Mgfìkbdb Bzdbwp

PizbŴ;1>> ~zimkgzbeb2>> ~zimkgzbeb w gfgepzldqelk clzmi

Ůpbm~b;Lòlslzdl fiag Ţpbm~bzikg;

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0 ^ZGOFG@



IQQD >>1:-?:?2

^ZGOFG@^gzilìabf clz Qlaibf Iqqwgq

Dwmjgz1

Ygbz:>>3

Slfwmg

FXXXSI

Qbzbkgsl& Mby-Bwowqp :>>3



^ZGOFG@^gzilìabf clz Qlaibf Iqqwgq

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Gìplzibf Jlbz`;Mghl JbŢiďGdgq @wzbelsiďMwqpbcb Imbmlsiď

Qgdbìd FbsiďMizel ^gkbdlsiďHi`bkgp Zg~lsbaQbcgp Qmbkeiď

Dwqzgp Qmbkflsiď

Gìplz-id-Ahigc;Mizel ^gkbdlsiď

Gìplz-id-Ahigc @g~wpy

Mwqpbcb ImbmlsiďGxgawpisg Gìplz;Qgdbìd Fbsiď

Iqqwg Gìplz;Mghl JbŢiď

Gìplzibf Jlbz` Qgazgpbzy;Cwb`b Mwqfiď

Fbdowbog Gìplz;

[idbi`b Fbeiď

@P^;Mgfìkbdb Bzdbwp

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^zidp;

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~zl`wap baalzìdo pl phg Qbfgq Pbx Fb& bzpiafg 28 ipgm 2>

IQQD >>1:-?:?2

3 ^ZGOFG@



QB@ZŽBK

Pgmb jzlkb;Qpzbpgoikb geldlmqelo iqlaikbfdlo zb{slkb Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg (I)

JlŴi`bz Mbpiď;[dbdkg kg lqdlsdi cbeplz eldewzgdpdlqpi geldlmikg

Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg 27

Iqmgp JiŢčgsiď; Db~wŢpbdkg mbzoidbfdg ~l{iaikg geldlmqeg dbweg jipbdwskgp ezgizbdkb i ~zlsg`jg qpzbpgoikg `wolzlčdlogeldlmqelo zb{slkb Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg 12

Mgzqw` Lmgzìď;

Qpzbpgoikb zb{slkb Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidgw qskgpfw cifl{lcikg l`zŴislo zb{slkb 07

Gìdb Qw`Ŵweb;^zi`zŴbsbdkg ~zidai~b ~zbsičdlqpi w ~zlsg`ji ~lzg{dg zgclzmgq lqszplm db (dg)~zbsičdlqp ~lzg{b db `l`bpdw szikg`dlqp 79

Gwogdg Qpwbzp i @bslz Swfgpiď;GW eldag~p `zŴbsdg ~lmlďi ‑ ~lpzbob {b jbfbdqlmi{mgĒw geldlmqelo qwsgzgdipgpb `zŴbsb i {bhpkgsb

kgìdqpsgdlo pzŴiŢpb Gwzl~qeg wdikg 81

Iqhbe MgŢiď;Lqdlsg qpzbpgoikg zb{slkb pzolsidg w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi 221

Ć f b d a i

Fkwjlmiz Jgzjgzlsiď;Jilgpieb - elzikgdi i ~zglew~baikg 231

Ifikbq JlŢdklsiď;@gmlozbcqeb jw`wďdlqp i `kgflpslzdb ~lfiewfpwzdb {bkg`diab 2?7

?^ZGOFG@



Hbzi{ Hbfiflsiď;Jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčeb ìkbq~lzb w szpflow ofljbfdih

miozbaikb; i{b{lsi i Ţbdqg {b Jlqdw i Hgzagolsidw 291

^lofgì i miŢfkgdkb

Dgsb` Ebhpgzbd;Ewfpisizbdkg cifl{lcqelo whb w Jlqdi ::2

Lqszpi i ~zieb{i

Mwqpbcb Imbmlsiď;Qgfkbčei miz i ozbĒbdqei zbp :17

Fgkfb Pwzčifl;Lqszp db iqewqpsb ~lfipičegelmwdiebaikg w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi :02

8 ^ZGOFG@



ALDPGDPQ

Phgmg Iqqwg;Galdlmia bd` qlaibf `gsgfl~mgdp qpzbpgoylc Jlqdib bd` Hgz{golsidb (I)

JlŴi`bz Mbpiď;Edlfgòg iq jbqia cbaplz lc alm~gpipisggaldlmy lc Jlqdib bd` Hgz{golsidb 27

Iqmgp JiŢčgsiď;Fgbsido lc mbzoidbf ~lqipild lc galdlmia qaigdag bq im~lzpbdpazgbpido aldìpild bd` qpzbpgob~zlsiìdo lc fldo-pgzmgaldlmia gsgfl~mgdp lc Jlqdib bd` Hgz{golsidb 12

Mgzqw` Lmgzìď;Qpzbpgoy l` `gsgfl~mgdp lc Jlqdib bd` Hgz{golsidb

id phg fiohp lc qwqqpbidbjfg `gsgfl~mgdp ~hiflql~hy 07Gìdb Qw`Ŵweb;B`hgzgdag pl phg ^zidai~fg lc Grwipy id phgIm~fgmgdpbpild lc Pbx Zgclzm iph Zgcgzgdagpl phg (Id)grwipy lc Sbfwg B``g` Pbx 79

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B z p i a f g qFkwjlmiz Jgzjgzlsiď;Jilgphiaq ‑ zllpq bd` ~zglaaw~bpildq 231

9^ZGOFG@



Ifikbq JlŢdklsiď;@gmlozb~hia Cwpwzg bd` Gccgapisg Mwfpiawfpwzbf

Almmwdipy lc Jlqdib bd` Hgz{golsidb 2?7

Hbzi{ Hbfiflsiď;Jlqdibd-Hgz{golsidibd ìbq~lzb id phg cfl lc ofljbf miozbpildq;ahbffgdogq bd` l~~lzpwdipigq clz Jlqdib bd` Hgz{golsidb 291

Bppipw`gq bd` l~~idildq

Dgsb` Ebhpgzbd;Phg q~izip awfpisbpild lc ~hiflql~hy id Jlqdib ::2

Almmgdpq bd` zgsigq

Mwqpbcb Imbmlsiď;^gbqbdp ~gbag bd` aisif bz :17

Fgkfb Pwzčifl;Zgmbzeq ld gx~gzigdag lc ~lfipiabf almmwdiabpildid Jlqdib bd` Hgz{golsidb :02

2> ^ZGOFG@



Pgmb jzlkb;

—Qpzbpgoikb geldlmqelo i qlaikbfdlozb{slkb Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg‖

I

[b pgmw jzlkb ~iŢw;

JlŴi`bz Mbpiď& Iqmgp JiŢčgsiď&Mgzqw` Lmgzìď& Gìdb Qw`Ŵweb&

Gwogdg Qpwbzp i @bslz Swfgpiď i Iqhbe MgŢiď





Phgmg Iqqwg;

—Galdlmia bd` qlaibf `gsgfl~mgdpqpzbpgoy lc Jlqdib bd` Hgz{golsidb‖

I

Phg Phgmg Iqqwg iq zippgd jy;

JlŴi`bz Mbpiď& Iqmgp JiŢčgsiď&Mgzqw` Lmgzìď& Gìdb Qw`Ŵweb&

Gwogdg Qpwbzp bd` @bslz Swfgpiď bd` Iqhbe MgŢiď





W@E >>22>2 ; 11>(09?3)

JlŴi`bz Mbpiď

[DBDKG KG LQDLSDI CBEPLZ ELDEWZGDPDLQPIGELDLMIKG W JLQDI I HGZAGOLSIDI

EDL_FG@OG IQ JBQIA CBAPLZ LC ALM^GPIPISG

GALDLMY ID JLQDIB BD@ HGZ[GOLSIDB

Zg{img

Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb i{w{gpdl wsl{dl lsiqdb& Ţpl kg lqljidb qsbeg mbfg {gmfkg$ Kgìdi { zbsi dbčid ~fbďbdkb wsl{b kg i{sl{& pg qg mlŴg zgďi `b kg JiH i{w{gpdl i{sl{dl lsiqdb$ Qpbjifdb qbml-

l`zŴislqp ~ziszg`g JiH qg mlŴg lqpiďi qbml bozgqisdim i{sl{lm$ Bozgqisbd i{sl{ dikg mlowď jg{ eldewzgdpdg q~lqljdlqpi zljg&wqfwob i pghdlfloikb$ Eldewzgdpdb q~lqljdlqp qg dg mlŴg ~lqpiďijg{ idsgqpiaikb w qgeplzw ~zli{sl`dkg i wqfwob$ Idsgqpiaikg qbml wmbdklk mkgzi mlow jipi {bqdlsbdg db dlsaw ozbĒbdb JiH kgz qw pldg`lslfkdi i{dlqi w l`dlqw db ~lpzgjg (ibel ih dg pzgjb {bdgmbzipi)$Qbml ìzgepdg qpzbdg idsgqpiaikg (Clzgiod @izgap Idsgqpmgdp -

C@I) mlow jipi lqdls {b lqpi{bdkg pzbkdg qbmll`zŴislqpi ~ziszg g JiH ~wplm i{sl{b$ C@I dgďg `lďi w {gmfkw elkb qg qb b lakgdkwkgebl i{w{gpdl l`jlkdb {b wfbobdkb$ lpzgjdg zgclzmg w ljfbqpimb

~lqflsdg efimg& ~zisbpi{baikg& cidbdaikb i qlaikbfdg {bŢpipg wčidip ďg JiH ~zisfbčdlm {b C@I& qb ~l{ipisdim wpkgabkgm db {b~lŢfkb-sbdkg& bfi qg zgclzmg mlow i{sgqpi qbml ebl qidhzldi{izbdi i ellzì-dizbdi ~l`whsbp zŴbsg& gdpipgpb& ebdpldb i l~ďidb$ Kgìdl lozbdičb-sbdkg C@I qmikg jipi bel kg dlsba ~zfkbs i bel kg idsgqpiaikb gelflŢei&

i`glflŢei& ~lfipičei ifi zgfioikqei dg~zihsbpfkisb$ @ljzl`lŢfiab ifil`jikbdkg dg qmikg jipi {bqdlsbdb db ~ipbdkw i{ elkg zŴbsg kg C@I$

@zŴbsb mlzb `ldikgpi qslkw id`wqpzikqew ~lfipiew i w lesizw dkg ~lpiabkimb pbzogpizbpi `kgfbpdlqpi elkg qw i{sl{dl lzikgdpizbdg&bfi w{ {dbčbkdi l~zidlq wsgďbdkw J@^-b& pg kgfbpdlqpi elkg jipdlwsgďbsbkw J@^& ~lqgjdl w ~lfkl~ziszgì$ W{ iq~wdkgdkg qsih

27^ZGOFG@



dbsg`gdih wskgpb eldewzgdpdg ~zg`dlqpi mlďi ďg qg ~lqpiďi iqefkwčisllzikgdpbaiklm db `lqpi{bdkg bpzijwpb db {dbdkw {bqdlsbdlo `zwŢpsb$Siqlel ljzb{lsbdkg i Z#@ `kgfbpdlqpi mlzbkw ~lqpbpi `zŴbsdi

~zilzipgp& qb ezbkdkim aifkgm lqpi{bdkb dlzmi elkg w pim ljfbqpimbsbŴg w GW$ Eldewzgdpdb q~lqljdlqp {bqdlsbdb db diqelk aikgdizb`dg qdbog dg mlŴg jipi `wolzlčdb ~lfipieb dipi kg`dlo dislbsfbqpi w JiH$ @bfkdklm zgclzmlm `zŴbsg ~lpzgjdl kg qmbdkisbpigpdičew {bqdlsbdlqp `zwŢpsb& b wsgďbsbpi qgewfbzdg ozbĒbdqegbpzijwpg db ~wpw ~zgmb GW$

Efkwčdg zikgči; db {dbdkw {bqdlsbdl `zwŢpsl& eldewzgdpdlqp&ìzgepdg qpzbdg idsgqpiaikg - C@I

Qwmmbzy

JH iq gxpzgmgfy g~gd gdp ld im~lzpq& hiah iq b ahbzbapgziqpialc gsgzy qmbff alwdpzy$ Phg ldfy qlwd` by pl ~by clz im~lzpq iq

czlm zgsgdwg ogdgzbpg` jy gx~lzpq5 aldqgrwgdpfy& g abd qbyphbp JH iq gxpzgmgfy `g~gd`gdp ld gx~lzpq pll$ JH galdlmy abdjg qwqpbidg` id b qpbjfg by ldfy jy bd boozgqqisg gx~lzp ~lfiay$ Bdboozgqqisg gx~lzp iq dlp ~lqqijfg iphlwp phg alm~gpipisgdgqq lc

oll`q& qgzsiagq bd` pgahdlfloigq$ Alm~gpipisgdgqq abddlp jgbahigsg` iphlwp idsgqpmgdp id phg ~zl`wapild bd` phg qgzsiag

qgaplz$ Idsgqpmgdp abd jg jbqg` ld phg mldgy ldg` jy phg ~gl~fg

lc JH ldfy pl b qmbff gxpgdp jgabwqg ip iq dlp b`grwbpg pl alsgz Jlqdib’q bapwbf idsgqpmgdp dgg`q (bfphlwoh ip qhlwf` dlp jgdgofgapg`)$ Ldfy ìzgap clzgiod idsgqpmgdpq (Clzgiod @izgap

Idsgqpmgdpq ‑ C@I) abd qgzsg bq phg jbqiq clz bahigsido ~gzmbdgdp qwqpbidbjifipy lc JH galdlmy phzlwoh gx~lzp$ Phg C@I iff dlp almg pl b alwdpzy hiah iq aldqi`gzg` hiohfy wdbppzbapisg plidsgqplzq$ Zgclzmq bzg dgagqqbzy pl gdhbdag phg jwqidgqq afimbpgid phg alwdpzy& pl q~gg` w~ ~zisbpiqbpild& pl im~zlsg cidbdagqbd` qlaibf gfcbzg$ Bp phg qbmg pimg phgy iff mbeg phg alwdpzybppzbapisg pl phg C@I bd` iff& id pwzd& hbsg ~lqipisg gccgapq ldgm~flymgdp$ Hlgsgz& phgy abd jg abzzig` lwp ldfy bq b klidp

qydahzldiqg` bd` allz idbpg` ~zlkgap lc phg bff fgsgfq ‑ qpbpg& phgpl gdpipigq& phg abdpldq bd` phg mwdiai~bfipigq$ Phg C@I qhlwf` jg aldqpzbidg` ldfy ic phg mldgy iq ìzpy bd` ic phg idsgqpmgdp iq

23 ^ZGOFG@



wdbaag~pbjfg ld galfloiabf& i`glfloiabf& ~lfipiabf lz zgfioilwq ozlwd`q$ Phg baag~pbdag lz phg zgkgapild lc bd idsgqpmgdp ~zlkgap

mwqp dlp jg jbqg` ld hbp alwdpzy ip almgq czlm$ Phg qpbpg mwqp `gpgzmidg ipq id`wqpzibf ~lfiay bd`& ld phg jbqiq lc qwah b ~lfiay&

~zlsi`g idagdpisgq clz phg id`wqpzibf bapisipigq lzigdpg` plbz` gx~lzp jwp bfql plbz` b qiodiciabdp idazgbqg lc phg O@^&gq~gaibffy id boziawfpwzg$ Id b`ìpild pl qbpiqcyido phg bjlsgmgdpildg` aldìpildq& JH iff jg bjfg pl azgbpg b alm~gpipisgb`sbdpbog ldfy ic ip barwizgq phg ~zl~gzpy lc b edlfgòg jbqg`

qlaigpy$ Hiohgz g`wabpild bd` bapisipigq zgfbpg` pl zgqgbzah bd` `gsgfl~mgdp mwqp jgalmg qpbpg ~zilzipy iph phg wfpimbpg olbf lc zgbahido phg qpbd`bz`q lc phg Gwzl~gbd Wdild id phgb~~zl~zibpg cigf`q$ Alm~gpipisgdgqq jbqg` ld phg fl ~ziag lc fbjlwz qhlwf` dlp jg phg fldo-pgzm ~lfiay bp bdy fgsgf lc phg

Jlqdibd olsgzdmgdp$ Cwzphgz zgclzmq lc qpbpg fbq dgg` pl jg ~wp id ~fbag id lz`gz pl zg`wag phg gphdia jbqg` qlaigpyahbzbapgziqpiaq bd` gdhbdag ipq qgawfbz bd` aisif bppzijwpgq ldphg by pl phg Gwzl~gbd Wdild$

Egy lz`q; edlfgòg jbqg` galdlmy& alm~gpipisgdgqq& clzgiod ìzgap idsgqpmgdpq - C@I

2 Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb kg i{w{gpdl wsl{dl lsiqdb& Ţpl kglqljidb qsbeg mbfg {gmfkg$ Kgìdi {`zbsi dbčid ~fbďbdkb

wsl{b kg ~zihl`lm l` i{sl{b& pg qg mlŴg zgďi b kg Jlqdbi Hgzagolsidb i{w{gpdl i{sl{dl lsiqdb$ [b ~zimkgz qg mloww{gpi `zwog `zŴbsg q ~zijfiŴdim jzlkgm qpbdlsdieb& b eblidìebplz ďg ~lqfwŴipi ~zlagdp J@^-b elki {gmfkb zb{mkgdkwkg(wsl{ % i{sl{) i qpbdkg qwciaipb - `gciaipb ~zi plk zb{mkgdi wmgĒwdbzl`dlk pzolsidi& pbelĒgz ebl ~lqplpbe J@^-b; Izqeb2?3'& %20&8'5 @bdqeb 9>'& %3&0'5 Cidqeb ?:&:'& %8&3'5

ĆgŢeb 2>81'& -:&7'5 Qflsgdikb 2>2'& -:&0'5 Qflsbčeb203&7'& -1&1'5 Fipsbdikb 9?&3'& -3&0'5 ip` (+2): Qpbjifdb qbmll`zŴislqp ~ziszg`g Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg

mlŴg qg `lqpiďi qbml bozgqisdim i{sl{lm W 299> olìdiJlqdb i Hgzagolsidb kg zb{mkgdkisbfb 7?' qslob J@^-b q`zwoim zg~wjfiebmb Kwolqfbsikg& b :1' qb {gmfkbmb i{sbd

2?^ZGOFG@



Kwolqfbsikg& `befg 8>' wew~dl& ~zi qwciaipw %0&?3'& (+:)b :>>0 olìdg kg pl 87&9' ~zi `gciaipw l` ‑1?&2' (+1)

^zg`zbpdl qpbdkg qwciaipb `bdbq i{ofg`b dg`lqpiŴdl kgz qw jisŢg kwolqfbsgdqeg zg~wjfieg ~lqpbfg dglsiqdg `zŴbsg dbčikim pzŴiŢpimb jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčeb geldlmikb dgmb{dbčbkdg Ţbdqg& kgz ~ziszg`b JiH `lqb`b dikg `lqpiofb diqslkw ~zg`zbpdw eldewzgdpdlqp Qplob dikg dglčgeisbdl `bJlqdb i Hgzagolsidb qbml qb 2,1 qslob i{sl{b ~lezisbqslk wsl{ (+0) Jifbdčdw zbsdlpgŴw w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi

l`zŴbsbkw qb`b qezlmdi C@I& ezgìpi _J-b i GJZ@-b& ~lpzl-Ţdkb qpzbdbab& qsg qezlmdikg ldbaikg pg pzbdqcgzi ikbq~lzgzl`jidi w {gmfki Ebel olplsl qsg dbsg`gdg elm~ldgdpg{b l`zŴbdkg jifbdčdg zbsdlpgŴg ~leb{wkw pzgd` qmbdkisbdkb&

kgìdi i{fb{ kg w bozgqisdlm ~lsgďbdkw i{sl{b pg zb{slkwldih ~zli{sl`dki elkg w {gmfki qpsbzbkw zljw i wqfwog elkgeldewzgdpdlŢďw ~lpiqewkw wsl{& ~lqgjdl ldbk dgzb{wmdi&{b elki w {gmfki ~lqplkg esbfipgpdg mlowďdlqpi eldewzgdpdg

qw~qpipwaikg1 Bozgqisbd i{sl{ dikg mlowď jg{ eldewzgdpdg q~lqljdlqpi

zljg& wqfwob i pghdlfloikb$ IqpzbŴisbdkw eldewzgdpdlqpiJlqdg i Hgzagolsidg ~lqsgďgd kg im~zgqisbd db~lz ìkgfbbeb`gmqeg {bkg`diag& pbel `b qw qpslzgdi wskgpi `b OfljbfAlm~gpipisgdgqq Zg~lzp _lzf` Galdlmia Clzwmb {b:>>0,:>>7 olìdw wefkwči i JiH W plm i{skgŢpbkw& elki

ljwhsbpb 2>0 geldlmikg w qsikgpw& b w elkimb qg qpsbzb 9?'J@^-b qsikgpb& geldlmikg qg lakgdkwkw ~l Id`geqw zbqpbeldewzgdpdlqpi (Ozlph Alm~gpipisgdgqq Id`gx ‑ OAI)& ~lId`geqw ~lqflsdg eldewzgdpdlqpi (Jwqidgqq Alm~gpipisgdgqqId`gx ‑ JAI) pg Dlslm ofljbfdlm id`geqw eldewzgdpdlqpi(Dg Ofljbf Alm~gpipisgdgqq Id`gx ‑ DOAI) Jlqdb iHgzagolsidb kg ~fbqizbdb szfl diqel ~l qsb pzi id`geqb" ^lOAI-w {bw{imb 82 mkgqpl& ~l JAI-w 91 mkgqpl& b ~l DOAI-w

čbe 98 mkgqpl" (+7) Qsbei l` id`geqb imb qslkg qbqpbsdgelm~ldgdpg - ~lìd`geqg Ls`kg imb qmiqfb zb{mlpzipi

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28 ^ZGOFG@



87 zbdo& b ~lìd`geq Kbsdih idqpipwaikb kg db ?8 mkgqpw JAIimb ~lìd`geqg Esbfipgp ~lqflsdlo lezwŴgdkb (JiH 9:)

pg L~gzbpisdl ~ldbŢbdkg i qpzbpgoikb elm~bdikb (JiH 93)Jw`wďi b i ~lìd`geqi imbkw qslkg qbqpbsdg ikgflsg& ifwqpzb-pisdl kg dbsgqpi ih; zbq~lflŴislqp idsgqpiaikqelo eb~ipbfb&idlsbpisdi eb~baipgp& iqpzbŴisbčeb qwzb`dkb ~ziszg`g i wdi-sgz{ipgpb& fiagdaizbdkg qpzbdih pghdlfloikb& sfbìdg dbjbsegdb~zg`dih pghdlfloikb& i{`bai ~l`w{gďb {b iqpzbŴisbdkg izb{slk& zbq~lflŴislqp sgdpwzg eb~ipbfb i qfičdl Ebl {befkwčbe

mlŴg qg wqpszìpi `b Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb& jg{ zbìebfdihzgclzmi& dgďg imbpi ebzbepgziqpieg {gmfkg q~lqljdg {b bozg-qisbd i{sl{

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zb{mbpzbdkb ~leb{wkw `b ďg lq~lqljfkbsbdkg Jlqdg i Hgzag-olsidg `b ~lqpbdg i{sl{die w {dbčbkdlm ~lqplpew qslobO@^-b jipi i{w{gpdl qew~l i `wolpzbkdl

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jg{dbčbkdih >&>7' J@^-b (+2?) Qpbpiqpieb dg ~zbpi lswljfbqp& b ~l`bpbe kg `ljisgd qbjizbdkgm zgfgsbdpdih qpbseiw qsim midiqpbzqpsimb elkb w qslmg db{isw imbkw zikgč‖dbweb” Qipwbaikb kg ~lqgjdl qzbmlpdb w Cg`gzbfdlm

:7^ZGOFG@



midiqpbzqpsw ljzb{lsbdkb i dbweg elkg wmkgqpl jw`Ŵgpqegqpbseg l` :0 mifildb EM {b iqpzbŴisbdkg i zb{slk (b Ţpl ji

jifb dlzmb w qefb`w q ~lzg{dlm qdbolm CJiH) imb db plkqpbsai 2 mifild EM Kgìdb qsikgpfb iqeziab ~lkbsifb qg wEbdpldw Qbzbkgsl elki kg wqslkil ~fbd lqpi{bdkb 2' J@^-b`l :>>9 olìdg" (+28) Dg~lqplkbdkg sfbqpipih iqpzbŴisbdkbldgmlowďbsb iqpzbŴisbčg i{ Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg `beld{wmizbkw ~ldw`w {b wčgŢďg w C^3 ~zlozbmw GW GW

kg sgď dbìŢfb :' J@^-b w Z#@& q ~fbdlm l` 1' w :>2>

olìdi (+29) Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb kg kgìdb q pgziplzikg jisŢg Kwolqfbsikg elkb dikg čfbdiab ALQP ~zlozbmb GWibel kg ~l{sbdb `b qg ~zi`zwŴi& Ţpl `bfkg ldgmlowďbsb

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w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi kg qpbdkg iqpzbŴisbčeg ~zl`weaikgelkb qg mkgzi jzlkgm ljkbsfkgdih zb`lsb w zgcgzgdpdimčbql~iqimb db 2>>>>> qpbdlsdieb Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb kg1&: ~wpb qfbjikb w :>>> olìdi l` qslob zg{wfpbpb w 299>olìdi& 7&3 ~wpb l` Azdg Olzg& 8&3 ~wpb l` Mbeg`ldikg&28&7 ~wpb l` Qzjikg& 0:&3 ~wpb l` Hzsbpqeg i 2:7&9 ~wpb l`Qflsgdikg""" (+:>) Dgqhsbpfkisl kg `b kg WDGQAL qslkg

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2: Eldewzgdpdb q~lqljdlqp {bqdlsbdb db diqelk aikgdizb`dg qdbog dg mlŴg jipi `wolzlčdb ~lfipieb dipi

kg`dlo dislb sfbqpi w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi Iqpidb kg `b qg kbsdl mdikgdkg& ~lfipičbzi& b i ~lqfl`bsai qsg siŢg w`bfkbsbkwl` iqpiabdkb ‖eldewzgdpdg ~zg`dlqpi” Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg{bqdlsbdg db i`gki diqeg aikgdg zb`dg qdbog Midimbfdb

:3 ^ZGOFG@



dgpl qbpdiab w Cg`gzbaiki JiH fgobfi{izbdb kg w qwofbqdlqpi ~lqfl`bsbab i qidìebpb db dislw 2&?7 EM (+:2)& Ţpl kg

?&28 gwzb `dgsdl [bqb`b qg d~z pgeqpifdb id`wqpzikb Jlqdgi Hgzagolsidg jlzi q eidgqeim `bm~idolm l` ‖2$ db `bd”iqefkwčisl qslklm ~zlskgzgdlm esbfipgplm @l eb`b ďg plwq~ikgsbpi& pgŢel kg ~zlodl{izbpi& bfi kg kbqdl `b qg db plmg

~fbdw dg mlŴg `wolzlčdl ozbìpi id`wqpzikqeb ~lfipiebJlqdg i Hgzagolsidg& ~b dipi ~lfipieb ~zisfbčgdkb C@I-bQbqsim kg qiowzdl `b zgqpzwepwzizbdkg jw`Ŵgpqeg ~lpzlŢdkgw Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi imb qslk ~zlqplz {b `kgflsbdkg wid`wqpzikqelk ~lfipiai ^lpzlŢdkb db slkqew kg 2> ~wpb sgďbdgol Ţpl kg jw`Ŵgp qsih wdisgz{ipgpb ifi qw ~lpiabki w ~lfkl-

~ziszgì (+::) B qlciqpiaizbdi fkw i qgji qiowzdl mlow {bzb ipidb`diag {dbpdl siŢg l` midimbfdih

21 @bfkdklm zgclzmlm `zŴbsg qmbdkisbpi gpdičew {bqdl-sbdlqp zwŢpsb& b wsgďbsbpi qgewfbzdg ozbĒbdqeg bpzijwpgdb ~wpw ~zgmb GW Geldlmqew qagdw jw`wďg Jlqdg i

Hgzagolsidg {bmbofkwkw i eldpbmidizbkw `bdbq sfb`bkwďgqpzbdeg elkg Ŵgfg gpdičei čiqpg Ţelfg& wzg`g& ~zisbpi{baikw&idsgqpiaikg& ~lfiaikw (w{ pl klŢ i ~lfipičew)& slkdg jziob`g&

kbsdb ~l`w{gďb i qsg lqpbfl Midikbpwzdl pzŴiŢpg Jlqdg iHgzagolsidg ~lìkgfkgdl kg ~l dgelfiel zg{lsb& {b ~lpzgjggpdičeih lfiobzhikb Sgďg qw ~zg~zgeg elkg kgìdqpsgdlmpzŴiŢpw Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg čidg pg ~l`kgfg dgol Ţpl qw

~zg~zgeg elkg čidg ozbdiag i{mgĒw zŴbsb Sgfiei kg ~zlqplz {b `kgflsbdkg `b qg pl gfimidizb {dbčbkdim wpkgabkgm dbgeldlmikw Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg

[befkwčai

- I{sl{dw eldewzgdpdw q~lqljdlqp Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg ~lqpbsipi w szh `zŴbsdlo ~zilzipgpb

- Dg`lqpbpdlqp ljimb `lmbďgo idsgqpiaikqelo eb~ipbfb db`l-edbìpi ~zisfbčgdkgm C@I-b

- Idpgd{isizbpi zgclzmg elkg wpkgčw db q~lqljdlqp Jlqdg iHgzagolsidg `b qg ~ziswew C@I& ~lqgjdl ldi elki qw dbsg-`gdi w l`kgfkew ? olzdkgo pgeqpb Idpgd{isizbpi zgclzmg elkg

:?^ZGOFG@



ìzgepdl wpkgčw db ~l~zbsbe qpbdkb qsb pzi id`geqb eldew-zgdpdlqpi l~iqbdb w l`kgfkew 0 lslo pgeqpb

- ^zgcgzizbpi i ~lpiabpi ldg C@I-g elki& lqim idsgqpiaikqeloeb~ipbfb& `ldlqg ~lsgďbdkg i{sl{b& {dbpbd `l~zidlq ~lsg-ďbdkw dlslqpslzgdg szikg`dlqpi ‑ J@^-b& elki `ldlqg {dbpbdedl-hl i pghdlflŢei zb{slk& b i`glflŢei i gelflŢei qwdgwpzbfdi,~zihsbpfkisi W pw qszhw ~lpzgjdl kg `ldikgpi id`w-qpzikqew ~lfipiew JiH& q i{zb{ipim dbofbqelm db ~lfkl~ziszg`w

- Sgďidb zgclzmi pzbŴi ellzìdbaikw mgĒw zb{fičipim dislimb

sfbqpi Sikgďg midiqpbzb JiH kg ~zizl`di ~lezgpbč i dlqifbaellzìdbaikg& bfi qb`b jg{ ~lpzgjdg qdbog i lsfbŢpgdkb ^l-pzgjdl mw kg `bpi lsfbŢpgdkb i qdbow `b pl ~gzmbdgdpdl čidi

- Gdpipgpi i ebdpldi w CJiH mlzbkw elzkgdipl ~zlmikgdipi ~lfipiew ~zgmb Z#@ qgeplzw elkb kg qb`b qzbmlpdb Zgclzmb wdi-sgz{ipgpb mlzb wsbŴipi ~lpzgjw idpgd{isdlo iqpzbŴisbčelozb`b w ljimw ½ zb`dlo szgmgdb dbqpbsdieb& b `zŴbsb pl

mlzb lmlowďipi clzmizbdkgm cld`lsb {b Z#@& w qefb`w q ~lzg{dlm qdbolm qwjkgebpb `zŴbsg ^lpiabdkg clzmizbdkbZ#@ agdpbzb w ~l`w{gďimb i dkihlsih iqpzbŴisbčeih ~zlkg-ebpb mlzb ~lqpbpi pzbkdb mgpb id`wqpzikqeg ~lfipieg W Z#@

~lfipiai JiH qg mlzb ~lčgpi ~ldbŢbpi ebl `b kg sgď ~lqpbfbčfbdiab GW

- ^lqplkgďi qpbs b qg eldewzgdpdb q~lqljdlqp ozbì db kgcpidlk

aikgdi zb`dg qdbog mikgdkbpi w `zŴbsdw ~lfipiew `lqpi{bdkbeldewzgdpdih ~zg`dlqpi& Ţpl mlzb ~lqpbpi lqdlsdi ezipgzikid`wqpzikqeg ~lfipieg Zgqwzqg elki ďg `zŴbsi qpslzipi {dbčbkdi(ibel dg sgďidqei) ~lzpclfil w gfgepzlgdgzogpiai i elmwdi-ebaikbmb dbeld dkihlsg ~zisbpi{baikg qpbsipi w cwdeaikw

~lqpi{bdkb plo aifkb

- Gpdičew ezipgzikbfdw ~zgsbfgdaikw& elkb kg ~lqpbfb qw~zlpdlqp

i ~zg~zgeb `lqpi{bdkw bpzijwpb ozbĒbdqeg `zŴbsg& ~lpzgjdl kg qw{jikbpi db qsbei dbčid& b ebl ~zsi (ibel dg kgìdi) aifkmlzb qg ~lqpiďi kgìdqpsgdi geldlmqei ~zlqplz Jlqdg iHgzagolsidg& jg{ elkgob qg dg mlŴg ~lqpiďi eldewzgdpdb

~l{iaikb JiH w lezwŴgdkw qwqkg`b& b ebmlfi Ţizgo lezwŴgdkb

:8 ^ZGOFG@



I{slzi;

2 Phg bwphlz’q abfawfbpildq ld phg jbqiq lc `bpb ~wjfiqhgìd; GJZ@& Pzbdqipild zg~lzp :>>0 ~~ 2>8-282: Ywolqfbs Qpbpiqpiabf Ygbz Jlle clz 299>1 Iji`& 20 Qpbpiqpiabf Bogday lc JH& Zg~lzp clz :>>07 _lzf` Galdlmia Clzwm& Phg Ofljbf Alm~gpipisgdgqq

Zg~lzp :>>0-:>>73 Bfwmidwm Mlqpbz Alm~bdy’q `bpb? Alab Alfb Qbzbkgsl Alm~bdy’q `bpb8 Iji`& 09 @z Ciezgp Abwqgsia gqpimbpild jbqg` ld iccgzgdp qlwzagq

2> Agdpzbf Jbde lc JH& Bddwbf Zg~lzp clz :>>022 Iji`& 2>2:Gwzl~gbd Jbde clz Zgaldqpzwapild bd` @gsgfl~mgdp&

Pzbdqipild zg~lzp :>>0& ~~ 9>-2?1

21_lzf` Galdlmia Clzwm& Phg Ofljbf Alm~gpipisgdgqqZg~lzp 2999& ~bog :9>

20 LGA@,O@ (90) 80 Czbqabppi Mbdwbf&27 Phg bwphlz’q abfawfbpildq jbqg` ld JH Wdisgzqipigq Bddwbf

zg~lzpq clz :>>023 Iji`& :2? Phg Z#@ lfiay id CJH & Bab`gmy lc Qaigdagq bd` Bzpq

lc Jlqdib bd` Hgz{golsidb& :>>:28 Lcciaibf Ob{gppg lc Qbzbkgsl Abdpld& Dl 28& Mby& :>>729 Phg Fiqjld Bogd`b& :>>> GWZBAPIS Alm Bwo :>>0:> Clwzph Idpgzdbpildbf Aldozgqq ld ^ggz Zgsig id

Jilmgìabf ^wjfiabpildq& Jbzagfldb& Qg~p 2-23 :>>2:2Phg Ogdgzbf Alffgapisg Bozggmgdp clz CJH& Lcciaibf Ob{gppg

lc CJH& Dl 70& Qg~p :>>7:: Iji`& 0

:9^ZGOFG@





W@E 11 % 11>10(09?3)

Iqmgp JiŢďgsiď

DB^WŮPBDKG MBZOIDBFDG ^L[IAIKGGELDLMQEG DBWEG EBL JIPBD WSKGP EZGIZBDKB

I ^ZLSG@JG QPZBPGOIKG @WOLZLĆDLOGELDLMQELO ZB[SLKB JLQDG I HGZAGOLSIDG

FGBSIDO LC MBZOIDBF LQIPILDLC GALDLMIA QAIGDAG BQ IM^LZPBDP AZGBPIDO

ALD@IPILD BD@ QPZBPGOY ^ZLSI@IDOLC FLDO ‑PGZM GALDLMIA @GSGFL^MGDP

LC JLQDIB BD@ HGZAGOLSIDB

QbŴgpbe

^ziszg`b Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg dbfb{i qg w ~zlagqw pzbd{iaikg& qwqzgďwďi qg q jzlkdim ~zljfgmimb db mbezl i miezl ~fbdw$ zlagqpgčg szfl q~lzl& ~zbďgd owjipelm zbdikih pzŴiŢpb& qfbjim elziŢpgdkgm

~zli{sl`dih eb~baipgpb i l~ďgdipl zgqwzqb& dgb`gesbpdlm ~zis-zg`dlm qpzwepwzlm& elkb {b~lqpbsfkb ~zli{sl`dkw& pg gdlzmdlm

dg{b~lqfgdlŢďw$Qsi zgfgsbdpdi ~leb{bpgfki w~wďwkw db pl `b kg w ~ipbdkwgeldlmqeb ezi{b elkb szfl `wol pzbkg$

Geldlmqel db{b`lsbdkg kg eldqpbdpb& b db~zg`be diebebs ifiszfl qimjlfičbd& pge w dgeim qgomgdpimb$ Im~gzbpis qw ~zlmkgdg$

Dkih qg mlŴg ~lezgdwpi db pgmgfkw qpwìl{dg wolzlčdg geldlmqeg qpzbpgoikg zb{slkb$Ldb qbmb dikg lslfkdb$ Lčgeisbdi gcgepi qw wskgpl-

sbdi b`gesbpdim w~zbsfkbdkgm i slĒgdkgm db mbezl i miezl dislw$Qbml esbfipgpdg mgdb`Ŵgzqeg qpzwepwzg mlow kg im~fgmgdpizbpiebl idqpzwmgdp qpzbpgŢelo zb{slkb geldlmikg dbŢg {gmfkg w akgfidiifi ~be dkgdih idpgozbpisdih ìkgflsb$ Bfi& i ~zikg qsgob& ~lfipiebmlzb ~zg~wqpipi geldlmiki ~zbsl ~zsgdqpsb& b pimg i qslkw cwdeaikwwčidipi `kgflpslzdiklm$

12^ZGOFG@



Efkwčdg zikgči ; qpzbpgoikb& geldlmqeb ~lfipieb& aifkgsi&mbezl i miezl disl& mgdb`Ŵmgdp& ~ziszg`dg qpzwepwzg& ~zlmkgdg&

ljzb{lsbdkg

Bjqpzbap

Phg galdlmy lc Jlqdib bd` Hgzagolsidb iq id phg pzbdqipild ~zlagqq mggpido dwmgzlwq ~zljfgmq bp phg mbazl bd` miazl ~fbd$ Phg ~zlagqq cflq sgzy qfl clffg` jy phg flqp lc gbzfigz mbzegpq& sgzy ~llz wqg lc ~zl`waido ab~baipigq bd` almmldzgqlwzagq& wdb`grwbpg galdlmy qpzwawpwzg hiah dgofgapq

~zl`wapild iph gdlzmlwq wdgm~flymgdp$ Bff zgfgsbdp id`gxgq zgcgz pl galdlmia aziqgq phbp fbqp sgzy

fldo$Phg galdlmia zgozgqqild iq aldqpbdp jwp phg ~zlozgqq iq

dldg bp bff lz sgzy qymjlfia id qlmg qgomgdpq$Phg im~gzbpis iqid phg ahbdogq$Phgy abd jg mlsg` ld phg ozlwd` lc qpwìlwq

fldo-pgzm galdlmia `gsgfl~mgdp qpzbpgoy$ Ip iqd’p ipqgfc gdlwoh$Phg gx~gapg` gccgapq bzg aldìpildg` jy b`grwbpg mbdbobmgdp bd` fgbìdo bp phg mbazl bd` miazl fgsgf$

Ldfy rwbfipy mbdbobmgdp qpzwapwzgq abd im~fgmgdp bqidqpzwmgdp lc plpbf galdlmia qpzbpgoy `gsgfl~mgdp lc lwz alwdpzylz lc ipq idpgozbpg` ~bzpq$Jwp cizqp lc bff& phg ~lfipiaq mwqp fgbsgpl galdlmy phg ~zilzipy ziohp pl mbeg ipq cwdapild mlzg gccgaigdp$

Egy lz`q; qpzbpgoy& galdlmia ~lfipiaq& olbfq& mbazl bd` miazl fgsgfq& mbdbobmgdp& galdlmy& qpzwapwzgq& ahbdogq& g`wabpild

2$ Wsl` (~lqplkgďg qpbdkg i dgl~hl`dlqp ~zlmkgdb)

Qsbel `zwŢpsl dbqplki `b mw qg zg~zl`weaikqei ~zlagq wakgfidi l`sikb jg{ {bqplkb& wsgďbd& i qb Ţpl mbdkg ~lpgŢelďb

MgĒwpim& db pl wpkgčw jzlkdi cbeplzi& ~b kg pl w zgbfdlm ŴislpwpgŢel ~lqpiďi

1: ^ZGOFG@



Qskg`lai qml szfl i{zb{ipg i `wjleg zgagqikg geldlmikg Jlqdgi Hgzagolsidg

Dbk~fbqpičdiki idìebplzi qb`bŢdkg qipwbaikg qw;b) bfbzmbdpdb dg{b~lqfgdlqp&

j) ìqezg~bdaikb i{mgĒw dg`lslfkdlo i{sl{b i qdbŴdlo zbqpbwsl{b i gdlzmdlo `gciaipb sbdkqelpzolsidqeg jifbdag&

a) i{zbsdb qpzbdb wfbobdkb diqw di lpbefb ~zli{sl`dl i{sl{dg

idsgqpiaikg&`) bfimgdpizb qg sgfieb kbsdb ~lpzlŢdkb wqfikg` ~zgqew~lo

`zŴbsdlo b~bzbpb&g) ~zlagq zgqpzwepwzizbdkb i db miezl (w cizmi) i db mbezlgel-

dlmqelm dislw (~ziszgì w akgfidi) lčipl kg q~lz i dggciebqbd&c) ~zlagq ~zisbpi{baikg kg q~lz i {b~fgl qg w mdlog ~zbsdg i

mlzbfdg ~zljfgmg Dbimg& dikg qg qpslzifb dlsb szikg`dlqp&

dipi kg `lŢfl `l eldai~izbdkb zb{slkdg geq~bd{ikg& dgol kg{dbpdim ìkgflm `l~zidil ~lsgďbdkw dg{b~lqfgdlqpi Dg ~lqplki qpwìl{dl i{wčgdl l~zg`kgfkgdkg db elki dbčid kg ~zlsgqpi eb` qw w ~ipbdkw qpzbpgŢei jipdi ~ziszg`di qgomgdpi(gfgepzl~ziszg`b& pgfgelmwdiebaikg& dbcpdg elm~bdikg&hi`zlgdgzogpqei ~lpgdaikbfi i `zwoi zgqwzqi& eldagqikg i`zwol& l`dlq ~zgmb idl-~bzpdgzimb)&

o) l~ďi ~zljfgm elki qg ~zlsfbči plelm lqb`bŢdkgo ~zlagqbpzbd{iaikg kgqp szfl qfbjb iqelziŢpgdlqp ~lqplkgďih eb~baipgpbw{ di{be disl lzobdi{izbdlqpi i gciebqdlqpi ~l`w{gďb&

h) lsiqdlqp l ofljbfi{izbdlm w{ owjipbe ~zl`bkdlo pzŴiŢpb&i) pghdičel-pghdlflŢeb idcgzilzdlqp&

11^ZGOFG@

Dbimg&

qefb`dlqp`zwŢpsgdg = c zg~zl`weaikg

(~zbsifdb bflebaikb qzg`qpbsb& qpzwepwzb ~zli{sl-

`dkg& qpzwepwzb zbq~l`kgfg `zwŢpsgdlo ~zli{sl`b&qpzwepwzb ~lpzlŢdkg& bewmwfbaikb i idsgqpiaikb& l`dlqzljdih i dlsčbdih cld`lsb& pzbdq~bzgdpdlqpi pzŴiŢpb&

~zimkgdg mbzegpidob w ~ziszg`dim qwjkgepimb&szgmgdqeg wqefbĒgdlqpi i{mgĒw ~zli{sl`dkg i

~lpzlŢdkg i `zwol)







Efkwčdim qg zŴi gciebqdl cwdeaildizbdkg ~ziszg`g db miezl-geldlmqelk lqdlsi Bfi szfl flŢ mgdb`Ŵmgdp imbml i db miezl

i db mbezl ~fbdw Elfiel ďg pl imbpi wpkgabkb db lqpsbzgdkgqpzbpgŢeih aifkgsb i im~fgmgdpbaikw qpzbpgoikg& ~lqgjdl bel qgimb w si`w b dkw mlzb ljifkgŴbsbpi eldpidwizbdl zg~l{iaildizbdkg<W lòlslzw db pb ~ipbdkb pzgjb qg ~l`qkgpipi `b fi qml i elfielimbfi i `l qb`b ‖qpzbpgŢeih” `lewmgdbpb w{ elkg qml i~be `lŢfipw o`kg kgqml Dbjzlkiml dgeg;

- ^l`w{gpdičel `zwŢpsl (ofljbfdi lesiz geldlmqeg qpzbpgoikg

zb{slkb JiH :>>>-:>>0 olìdg& Sikgďg midiqpbzb ‑ Midi-qpbzqpsl sbdkqeg pzolsidg i geldlmqeih l`dlqb&

- Mbezlgeldlmqeb si{ikb zb{slkb Cg`gzbaikg JiH& qpzbpgŢeiaifkgsi i ofljbfdb bepisdlqp& Sfb`b Cg`gzbaikg JiH& qgeplzqegelm~ldgdpg& Qbzbkgsl& :>>2&

- Geldlmqeg pzbd{iaikg w Cg`gzbaiki Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg&Qbzbkgsl :>>:&

- Qpzbpgoikb jlzjg ~zlpis qizlmbŢpsb Cg`gzbaikg JiH qb qg~b-zbpimb (wdb~zgĒgdkg ~l`w{gpdičeg efimg i ebdbfb pzbd{iaikg& ~lfkl~ziszg`g& sl`l~ziszg`g i Ţwmbzqpsb& lelfiŢb& {`zbs-qpsgdg {bŢpipg ip )& Qbzbkgsl :>>:&

- Mifgdikqei zb{slkdi aifkgsi w JiH& i{skgŢpbk l hwmbdlmzb{slkw :>>1& WD@ & Qbzbkgsl

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Dg `lsl`gďi w ~ipbdkg ~lpzgjw akgflsipg& ~zlcgqildbfdlesbfipgpdg qpwìkg `wolzlčdlo qpzbpgŢelo zb{slkb Jlqdg i Hgzag-olsidg& mlzb qg ~lqpbsipi ~ipbdkg; `b fi qml imbfi (dg)`lslfkdlsi{ikb< Bel kg lòlslz db lsl ìhlplmdl ~ipbdkg jil mbfl iwskgpdl ~lpsz`bd& {bŢpl qml i~be qb`b pw o`kg kgqml< [bŢpl diqw

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13 ^ZGOFG@

: Ebl db~zimkgz qkgsgzl{b~b`dg Jlqdg& l`dlqdl qg~bzbp {b Wdqel-qbdqeiebdpld



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Bdbfipičeb dbweb& ebl Ţpl kg geldlmqeb& dielob dg ~ziqifkbsb`b db l`zgĒgd dbčid ~lqpw~b Qbml mw ebŴg Ţpb ďg qg pbelzgďiqbml l` qgjg& ~l` l`zgĒgdim ~zgp~lqpbsfkgdim lelfdlqpimb& `gqipiLdg qw ebw{bfdlo ebzbepgzb I~be& pl dg {dbči `b geldlmiqpi&

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1?^ZGOFG@

1 Ebdp& Öjgz `gd Ogmgidq~zwah& `bq Mbo id `gz Phglzig Ziahpido qgidpbdop bjgz diahp cöz ìg ^zbxiq

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- Plpbf Rwbfipy Mbdbogmgdpb ebl qpzbpgŢei idpgozizbdlo qiqpgmbw~zbsfkbdkb esbfipgplm ~lqflsbdkb cizmg zbì ~lqpi{bdkbgeldlmqeih aifkgsb w{ {b`lslfkqpsl dkgdih hlf`gzb&

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- Im~fgmgdpbaikg jzlkdih elz~lzbaikqeih qpzbpgoikb (lcbd{isdb&`gcbd{isdb& ogdgzičeb& ìcgzgdaikbaikb& clewqizbdkb& jgdah-

0> ^ZGOFG@









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FipgzbpwzbU2] JbŢiď& M& Geldlmikb JiH & Geldlmqei cbewfpgp Qbzbkgsl&

:>>7U:] JiŢďgsiď& I& Ezi{(b)di mgdb`Ŵmgdp(b)& ZIM Idpgzdbpildbf

Aldcgzgdag @gsgfl~mgdp bd` Ml`gzdi{bpild lc zl`wapild&Jihbď& :>>1

U1] JiŢďgsiď& I& Qpzbpgoikb qlail-geldlmqelo zb{slkb Wdqel-

Qbdqelo ebdpldb (qpbdkg& ~zlq~gepdg pgd`gdaikg& zb{slkdbsi{ikb& sl`gďi ~zidai~i i qpzbpgŢei aifkgsi)& Jihbď& :>>0U0] Cbewfpgp geldlmqeih dbweb; Geldlmqeb {dbdlqp ebl

~zli{sl`db qdbob `zwŢpsb ({jlzdie zb`lsb)& [bozgj&29?7

U7] Ediohp& C& Phg Zlfg lc ~zidai~fgq id Galdlmiaq bd`^lfipiaq Bmgziabd Galdlmiaq Zgsig& Ahiabol& 2978

U3] Ebdp& Öjgz `gd Ogmgid~zwah; `bq mbo id ìg phglzigziahpo qgid& pbdop bjgz diahp cöz ìg ^zbxiq

00 ^ZGOFG@



W@E 11>10(09?3) ; 2223:

Mgzqw` Lmgzìď

QPZBPGOIKB ZB[SLKBJLQDG I HGZAGOLSIDG W QSKGPFWCIFL[LCIKG L@ZŽISLO ZB[SLKB

QPZBPGOY LC @GSGFL^MGDPLC JLQDIB BD@ HGZ[GOLSIDB

ID PHG FIOHP LC QWQQPBIDBJFG@GSGFL^MGDP ^HIFLQL^HY

QbŴgpbe

MgĒw jzlkdim ~ipbdkimb elkb qplkg ~zg` Jlqdlm i Hgzag- olsidlm kg`dl qg {bqiowzdl l`dlqi db ~zljfgm im~fgmgdpbaikg cifl{lcikg l`zŴislo zb{slkb w qefl~w qpzbpgŢeih l~zg`kgfkgdkb wjw`wďdlqpi$

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Q ~wdim ~zbslm Ŵgfiml skgzlsbpi `b plm i pbeslm qsikgpw ~zi~b`b i Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb$

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07^ZGOFG@





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QzŴ cifl{lcikg l`zŴislo zb{slkb (qwqpbidbjfg `gsgfl~mgdp){bqpw~b qbqsim `zwobčiki (~zihsbpfkisiki) l`dlq ~zgmb Ŵislpdlk qzgìdidgol eldag~aikb ‖ìdbmičdlo zb{slkb w qpbjifdim wqflsimb” Pwgciebqdb bflebaikb i zbaildbfdb w~lpzgjb lozbdičgdih ~zizl`dihzgqwzqb ~lqpbkw aldìpil qidg rwb dld qpbjifdlqpi i l`zŴislqpi dg

qbml geldlmqelo zb{slkb dgol i wew~dlo szikg`dlqdlo qiqpgmbqbszgmgdlo qsikgpb

Dbimg& geldlmqeb bdbfi{b ~zizl`dih i wew~dih zgqwzqb pzgjb`b ljwhsbpi i lqew`db gelflŢeb `ljzb& `b ih b`gesbpdl szg`dwkg i

~zihsbpi ebl zbsdl~zbsbd cbeplz ~zli{sl`dkg q zb`lm i eb~ipbflmWpszĒisbdkg b`gesbpdih aikgdb ~zizl`dih i ‖gelflŢeih” zgqwzqb pgdbmgpbdkg ljbsg{g ~ziszg`dim qwjkgepimb b idpgzdbfi{izbkw geqpgzdg

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0?^ZGOFG@

W ď i f ik j k ‖ k ih ”



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MlŴg qg zgďi `b kg ~lčgpelm 9>-ih olìdb ‖l`zŴisi zb{slk” ~lqpbkbl ‖fbkpmlpis” qsbeg qbszgmgdl eldai~izbdg qpzbpgoikg i `b kg idelz~lzizbd w zb{slkdg ~zlozbmg bogdaikg WD-b i dgsfbìdihlzobdi{baikb {b {bŢpipw lelfiŢb2 Lsb zb{slkdb cifl{lcikb wfb{i w

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B `b fi qg mi `lslfkdl ~ipbml Ţpb kg pl ‖l`zŴisi zb{slk” w

qfwčbkw ~lqfikgzbpdg geldlmqeg zgeldqpzweaikg Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg

08 ^ZGOFG@

2 I{skgŢpbk WD-b qb Qskgpqeg eldcgzgdaikg l lelfiŢw i zb{slkw& Zil `gKbdgizl& 299:

: JbŢiď& M& Geldlmikb JiH & Geldlmqei cbewfpgp& Qbzbkgsl& :>>7& qpz 0:9

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^lzg` zgčgdlo l `gcidiaiki& i~be qg mlzb {dbpi `b kg l`zŴisi

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09^ZGOFG@





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7: ^ZGOFG@

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71^ZGOFG@

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70 ^ZGOFG@

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79^ZGOFG@

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3> ^ZGOFG@







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30^ZGOFG@

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[b gciebqdw ~zlsg`jw ~lzg{dg zgclzmg l` sgfielo {dbčbkb kg`b ~lzg{di ljsg{diai imbkw ~lskgzgdkg w qiqpgm i `gmlezbpqeii{bjzbdw sfbqp& Ţpl ~l`zb{wmikgsb ~lqplkbdkg ~zbsdg `zŴbsg& wq~l-qpbsfkgd dlzmbpisdi lesiz& gciebqdl `kgflsbdkg idqpipwaikb sfbqpi&wefkwčwkwďi i qw`qpsl& l`qwpdlqp elzw~aikg i qisg geldlmikg&

l`dlqdl dgwpzbfi{izbdkg `kgflsbdkb azdlo pzŴiŢpbKg`bd l` lqdlsdih aifkgsb ~lzg{dih zgclzmi kg `b qg& ~zi-`zŴbsbkwďi qg ~lzg{dlm qiqpgmw qslkqpsgdih ~zidai~b& lqiowzbpzbdqcgz cidbdqikqeih qzg`qpbsb i{ ~zisbpdlo w kbsdi qgeplz i db pbkdbčid clzmizbkw ~zihlì {b ~l`mizgdkg kbsdih ~lpzgjb& pl kgqp {blqpsbzgdkg cwdeaikb i {b`bpbeb `zŴbsg i kbsdlo qgeplzb& pg `b qg&w mgĒwszgmgdw& l~lzg{isbdkg ~zlslì w qefb`w q ~zidai~imbqlaikbfdg ~zbs`g (~zbsičdb zbq~l`kgfb ~zihl`b)& b w ~zbsaw

lqpsbzgdkb geldlmqeih aifkgsb ebl Ţpl qw ~lqpi{bdkg geldlmqelozbqpb i ~wdg {b~lqfgdlqpi cbeplzb ~ziszgĒisbdkb& qpbjifdlqp aikgdb&pg `zwoih aifkgsb

L~ďgdipl l ~zidai~imb l~lzg{isbdkb idkihlslk wfl{i w ~lzg{dim qiqpgmimb

Ezl{ hiqplzikw l~lzg{isbdkb zb{sikbfi qw qg ~lkgìdi ~lzg{di

ljfiai& b ~bzbfgfdl q pim wqpbdlsfkbsbfi qw qg l`zgĒgdi ~lzg{di ~zidai~i [bpl qg čgqpl qwqzgďgml q eldqpbpbaiklm `b qw ~lzg{di ~zidai~i qpbzi elfiel i ~lzg{i ‖Mdloi i zb{dlszqdi aifkgsi elki qgmlow lqpsbzipi l~lzg{isbdkgm i wčidai elkg ~fbďbdkg ~lzg{b imbdb ~lzg{dg ljsg{dieg& dbmgpdwfi qw cidbdaikqelk {dbdlqpi {b`bďw`b wpszì l`zgĒgdb dbčgfb - zwelsl`db ~zbsifb elkih qg pzgjb

~zi`zŴbsbpi ~zi clzmwfizbdkw ~zbepičdih mkgzb ~lzg{dg ~lfipieg i

l`zgĒgdih zkgŢgdkb elkb qg ~zimkgdkwkw ~zi wjizbdkw ~lzg{b& b elki ~zi~b`bkw mkgzbmb ~lzg{dg pghdieg”7

37^ZGOFG@

7 Kgfčiď& JlŴi`bz& Fldčbziď-Hlzsbp& Lfisgzb& Ůimlsiď& Kwzg& Bzjwpidb& Hzslkg&l~ aip& qpz 279



`gqipi b i{dlq pzlŢelsb b`midiqpzizbdkb w db~fbpi ~lzg{b ~zgsb{iĒgi{dlq lqpsbzgdlo ~lzg{dlo ~zihl`b

Qmbpzb qg `b kg qbml ~zsi l` dbsg`gdih Qmiphlsih ~zidai~b



Qmbpzb qg `b kg qbml ~zsi l` dbsg`gdih Qmiphlsih ~zidai~bakgflsip kgz web{wkg db zbsdlmkgzdlqp w zbq~l`kgfi ~lzg{dlopgzgpb& q ~zimkg`jlm `b dikg iqpbedwpb ìqpideaikb i{mgĒw {bhpkgsb{b kg`dbelqpi ~zi zbq~l kgfi ~lzg{dlo pgzgpb (grwipy) l` {bhpkgsb {b

~zbsičdim l~lzg{isbdkgm (grwbfipy)& kgz diqw w{gpi w zb{mbpzbdkggfgmgdpi clzmizbdkb ~lzg{dg q~lqljdlqpi ‖Iqpiabdkg `wŴdlqpi qsihozbĒbdb `b ~fbďbkw ~lzg{& `befg& l~ďg ~lzgqeg ljbsg{g& jifl kgìzgepdlw~gzgdl ~zlpis~lzgqeih ~zisifgoikb ~fgmqpsb i qsgďgdqpsb”?

^lp~wdikw qiqpgmbpi{baikw ~lzg{dih ~zidai~b i{szŢil kg ezbkgmXIX qplfkgďb B`lf~h _bodgz& ~l{dbpi i kg`bd l` dbk~zi{dbpikih

~zg`qpbsdieb ebpg`bz-qlaikbfiqpb ^zgmb _bodgzw ~zidai~i l~lzg-{isbdkb qszqpbdi qw w čgpizi ozw~g;

‑ cidbdqikqel-~lfipičei ~zidai~i& ‑ geldlmqel-~lfipičei ~zidai~i& ‑ qlaikbfdl-~lfipičei ~zidai~i& i

‑ b`midiqpzbpisdl-~lfipičei ~zidai~i_bodgzlsi ~zidai~i l~lzg{isbdkb imbkw i{w{gpbd {dbčbk kgz

web{wkw dg qbml db cidbdqikqeg i geldlmqeg aifkgsg dgol i dbqlaikbfdw ìmgd{ikw l~lzg{isbdkb i wpkgabk l~lzg{isbdkb db qpbpwq

~lzg{dih ljsg{dieb^lzg{di ~zidai~i diqw lqpbfi iqplskgpdi l` ~gzil`b dkihlslo

wqpbdlsfkgdkb `l `bdbq& kgz qw plelm zb{slkb ~lzg{dih ljfieb

~zgpz~kgfi sgďg ifi mbdkg mlìciaizbdkg W plm qmiqfw qmbpzb qg‖`b kg dgmlowďg `bpi dgeb b~qlfwpdb dbčgfb elkb ji sbŴifb w qsim`zŴbsbmb ifi i w kg`dlk `zŴbsi {b qsb szgmgdb”8 I~be& mlŴg qgzgďi `b qw _bodgzlsi ~lzg{di ~zidai~i {bw{gfi {dbčbkdl mkgqpl iwflow w ~lzg{dim qiqpgmimb sgfielo jzlkb qbszgmgdih `zŴbsb

Eb`b kg zikgč l ~lzg{dim ~zidai~imb& jipdl kg& q hzldlflŢelobq~gepb& db~zbsipi ìqpbdaw l`dlqdl w{gpi w lj{iz ~gzil` dbqpbdebl`zgĒgdlo ~zidai~b i bepwbfdi ~gzil` w elkgm qg ld ~zbepičdl

~zimkgdkwkg ^lpzgjdl kg pbelĒgz ljzbpipi ~bŴdkw db elm~fgmgd-

3?^ZGOFG@

? Ebzfi& Fgldbz`& Dbweb l cidbdaikbmb& Dbzl`dg dlsidg& [bozgj& 2931&qpz ?7

8 Iji`gm& qpz ?0







mldgpbzdih& dislb aisifi{baikg& i z”27 W qbszgmgdlm zwŢpsw pbkmidimwm ljwhsbpb dg qbml jilflŢei midimwm& pl kgqp ci{ičeg

~lpzgjg ~lkgìdab {b hzbdlm& l`kgďlm& ljwďlm& qmkgŢpbkgm& dgol



i ewfpwzdg& hioikgdqeg& ljzb{lsdg& zgfioikqeg i `zwog ~lpzgjg ljsg-{dieb i čfbdlsb dkgolsg ~lzlìag ‖Iqpl qg pbel mlzb wpszìpi welklk mkgzi db {bhpkgs {b i{w{imbdkg l` l~lzg{isbdkb& b pimg i dbl`qpw~bdkg l` dbčgfb l~ďg ~lzg{dg ljbsg{g& wpkgčg geldlmqebqdbob čfbdlsb ljipgfki elkg kg ~lzg{di ljsg{die `wŴbd w{`zŴbsbpi&dkihlsb Ŵislpdb `lj& ~lhbĒbkw fi Ţelfw i elkw szqpw Ţelfb i `z”23

- lqljdb lakgdb ljsg{dieb l szikg`dlqpimb ~l`flŴdim l~lzg-{isbdkw& Ţpl {dbči `b ~lzg{db q~lqljdlqp ljsg{dieb w l`zgĒgdlkmkgzi lsiqi l dkgolslm miŢfkgdkw l plmg Ţpl w{imbkwďi w lj{iz dbčid qpkgabdkb `ljbzb& l~lzg{lsbdi `lhl`be i jlobpqpsl {b dkgob{dbčg W sg{i qb qwjkgepisdlm lakgdlm ljsg{dieb dbfb{i qg iml`wq qpkgabdkb `ljbzb elkb qg l~lzg{wkw Pbel ďg& db~zimkgz&

~lzg{di ljsg{die fbeŢg ~l`dikgpi ~lzg{di pgzgp db `ljipbe lìobzb db qzgďw dgol db `lhl`be lqpsbzgd sfbqpipim zb`lm W~zbsldb plmg kg lqdlsbdb iqpideaikb cwdìzbdih l` dgcwdìzbdih ~zihl`b

~lzg{dlo ljsg{dieb& ebl ~lzg{dih ljkgebpb& l`dlqdl ~zihl` Dbimg& cwdìzbdim ~zihlìmb qmbpzbkw qg ldi elki diqw dbqpbfilqljdim zb`lm i ~ziszg`dlm kgfbpdlŢďw ljsg{dieb& dgol ~lpkgčwl` imlsidg i imlsidqeih ~zbsb& dbqfkgĒisbdkb& iobzb db qzgďw iqfičdl Dgcwdìzbdi ~zihlì ~lpkgčw l` lqljdlo zb`b i bepisdlqpielklm qg ljsg{die jbsi ebl lqdlsdim ifi `l~wdqeim {bdimbdkgmL~zbs`bdl kg lčgeisbpi `b qg ~lzg{di qiqpgm l~zgìkgfi {b kbčgl`dlqdl lŢpzikg l~lzg{isbdkg cwdìzbdih ~zihl`b kgz ljsg{diai

`l dkih `lfb{g {dbpdl fbeŢim ~wpgm& jg{ sfbqpiplo {bfbobdkb& ipbesi ~zihlì im lmlowďbsbkw zgfbpisdl fbol`bd Ŵislp

- ~qihlflŢel zbq~lflŴgdkg ~lzg{dih ljsg{dieb w ~lofg`wi{mizgdkb ljbsg{b ~zgmb `zŴbsi& pl kgqp ~lzg{di mlzbf ‖^l` pimpzgjb zb{wmkgpi qpg~gd zb{sikgdg qsikgqpi ~lzgqelo ljsg{dieb w

~lofg`w qbskgqdlo iq~lfkbsbdkb ciqebfdih ljbsg{b ~zgmb ~lzgqelm ~lskgzilaw”2? Qpbs ~lzg{dih ljsg{dieb ~zgmb l~lzg{isbdkw dikgqbml gpičeg dgol i ~lfipičeg dbzbsi Dbimg& `b ji ~lzg{di ljsg-

?2^ZGOFG@

27 Flsčgsiď& Klsbd& l~ aip& qpz 2:123 Kgfčiď& JlŴi`bz& Fldčbziď-Hlzsbp& Lfisgzb& Ůimlsiď& Kwzg& Bzjwpidb& Hzslkg&

l~ aip& qpz 2?72? @bwpjbŢiď& Iqmgp& l~ aip& qpz 2>0

{diai ~lqpw~bfi mlzbfdl i lòlslzifi ~lzg{dlk ljbsg{i& ebl ozbĒb-dqelk `wŴdlqpi& ~lpzgjdl kg `b ~lqplki ~lskgzgdkg w `gmlezbpqeii{bjzbdw sfbqp i dkgdl zbaildbfdl pzlŢgdkg kbsdih ~zihl`b& {bpim



`b ~lqplki zbsdlmkgzdlqp w zbq~l`kgfi ~lzg{dlo pgzgpb& pl kgqp `b kg l~lzg{isbdkg ~zbsg`dl i {bqdlsbdl db kg`dbelm pzgpmbdw qsihljsg{dieb& jifl `b ~lqpw~bkw w `whw ~lŢplsbdkb dlzmi ~lzg{dlo

~zbsb ifi& ~be& dkihlslo ezŢgdkb Bel kg ezgìjifipgp ~lzg{dlozgŴimb siqle& b ~lzg{di qiqpgm l`dlqdl ~lzg{db ~lfipieb qpbjifdb&

~ldbŢbdkg ~lkgìdbab jip ďg w `whw ~lŢplsbdkb i ~zimkgdg sbŴg-ďih {beldqeih l`zg`bjb W l`qwpdlqpi lsih {bhpkgsb `lfb{i `lqfbjfkgdkb ~lzg{dlo mlzbfb& b pimg l dg~fbďbdkb ~lzg{dih ljbsg{b&fbŴdlo ~zieb{isbdkb čidkgdičdlo qpbdkb w sg{i qb qpkgabdkgm lhlpeb&imlsidg& `ljipi& pg ljbsfkgdlo ~zlmgpb i `zwoih si`lsb dgfgobfdg

~lzg{dg gsb{ikg& Ţpl imb {b ~lqfkgìaw qpsbzbdkg dgfgobfdih ebdbfb ~zli{sl`dkg i ìqpzijwaikg `ljbzb& i wqfikg` Ţizgdkb qisg geldlmikg&{b ezbkdki iqhl` qmbdkgd ~zifis kbsdih ~zihl`b w `zŴbsdi jw`Ŵgp

Jipdl kg q~lmgdwpi b qg go{iqpgdaikbfdi midimwm lqfljbĒbl` l~lzg{isbdkb qbml ~zifielm ~zimkgdg dg~lqzg`dih (ìzgepdih)

~lzg{b& bfi ~zi ~zimkgdi idìzgepdih l`dlqdl ~lqzg`dih ~lzg{bdikg i{w{gp^zbsičdlqp qg ~zi idìzgepdlm l~lzg{isbdkw dg mlŴg lqpsbzipi

db pgmgfkw qwjkgepisdih čidkgdiab sg{bdih {b ~lzg{dw q~lqljdlqp ~lzg{dlo ljsg{dieb& bfi pg čidkgdiag qwjkgepisdg dbzbsi `bkw ~lsl` {b ~zimkgdw `zwoih mkgzb wdwpbz i i{sbd ~lzg{dg ~lfipiegebel ji qg pgzgp l~lzg{isbdkb zbq~lìkgfil Ţpl zbsdlmkgzdikg‖@bdbq - čgŢďg dgol ~zikg - qwqzgďgml w pglziki {bhpkgs `b qg l`

l~lzg{isbdkb i{w{mg dg qbml go{iqpgdaikbfdi midimwm& dgol i`b lqljbmb elkg dg zbq~lfbŴw geldlmqelm qdbolm l`zgĒgdgsiqidg `zŴbsb lqiowzb pw geldlmqew qdbow pbel `b im i{ kbsdih

~zihl`b i{`slki ~lpzgjdb qzg`qpsb `l l`zgĒgdg siqidg Db ~zimkgz;bel kg midimwm {b go{iqpgdaikw wpszĒgd q 2>>> dlsčbdih kgìdiab&lqljg čikb kg geldlmqeb qdbob i{db` plo i{dlqb ~fbďbfg ji

~lzg{& `le ji lqljbmb elkg dg zbq~lfbŴw pim i{dlqlm db lqdlsw ~lqpw~eb qfičdlo l~lzg{isbdkw i{ zŴbsdg jfbobkdg& jil iq~fbďgdlqpbpbe `l 2>>> dlsčbdih kg`didab Pbk ljfie qlaikbfdg ~lmlďi

~l{dbp kg ~l` imgdlm dgobpisdl l~lzg{isbdkg”28

?: ^ZGOFG@

28 Kgfčiď& JlŴi`bz& Fldčbziď-Hlzsbp& Lfisgzb& Ůimlsiď& Kwzg& Bzjwpidb&Hzslkg& l~ aip& qpz 2?7







siŢgo ~lzg{dlo zb{zg`b l~lzg{wkw diŴlm ~lzg{dlm qpl~lmi zikgpel qg elziqpi

`) ^lzg{di i{w{gai (`kgflmičdi i ~lp~wdi) i dwfpl l~lzg{isbdkg&

elki qg ~zimkgdkwkw db l`zgĒgdg ~lqflsdg bepisdlqpi ifi



elki qg ~zimkgdkwkw db l`zgĒgdg ~lqflsdg bepisdlqpi ifiwdwpbz l`zgĒgdlo oglozbcqelo ~l`zwčkb i elkimb qg `bkg

~zgcgzgdaikbfdi pzgpmbd {b qpzbdb wfbobdkb& {b~lŢfkbsbdkg&pzbdqcgz pghdlfloikb ifi& ~be& {b bepisdlqpi elkg qg ljbsfkbkww `ljzlpslzdg qszhg& {bpim {b zb{fičipg si`lsg ~lmlďiwdgqzgďgdimb (zbp& gfgmgdpbzdg dg~lol`g i qfičdl)& pg {bbepisdlqpi ì~flmbpqel-eld{wfbzdih ~zg`qpbsdiŢpbsb5

g) Db`l~lzg{isbdkg& Ţpl ~l`zb{wmikgsb ~zimkgdw `l`bdih ~lzg{b db ~lzg{ db `lhl`be ifi db ~lzg{ db `ljip ebll`slkgdlo& pl kgqp {bqgjdlo ~lzg{b& ifi ebl ~zlagdpb db

~lzg{ db `ljip ~zg`w{gďb L~ďgdipl& lsbesi ~lzg{i qgwq~lqpbsfkbkw ebl l`bai db zŴbsdg& flebfdg ifi l~ďidqeg

~lzg{g (db~zimkgz& ibel ~lzg{di ljsg{die zg`lsdl l`dlqdlmkgqgčdl ~fbďb ~lzg{ db ~fbďw ifi ~lzg{ db `lhl`be& dbezbkw ~lzg{dg olìdg ~l`dlqi ~zikbsw ~lzg{b db wew~bd

~zihl` lqpsbzgd plelm pg olìdg i jfbolszgmgdl ~fbďb ~lzg{dw ljbsg{w ~l plm lqdlsw5

c) lzg{i db eb~ipbf i jlobpqpsl& elki qg w ~lkgìdim zŴbsbmb ~zimkgdkwkw db eb~ipbf& l`dlqdl wew~dw {bzb`w bel ~zgfb{il`zgĒgdi dlsčbdi i{dlq ‑ ~lzg{i sgfieih elz~lzbaikb5 dgeg`zŴbsg l~lzg{wkw ~lkgìdbčdl ifi wew~dl jlobpqpsl ~lkg-ìdbab& ebl ~zimkgz mlŴg qg dbsgqpi {gebp ‑ iqfbmqei ~lzg{

db jlobpqpsl elki qg ~zimkgdkwkg w Qbwìkqelk Bzbjiki&^beiqpbdw i Kgmgdwo) ^zgp~lqpbsfkgdi ‑ ~bwŢbfdi ~lzg{& elki `zŴbsg wsl`g w

qipwbaikbmb eb`b qg ~lpgdaikbfdl l~lzg{isi `lhl`be dgmlŴg q fbelďlm ~zgai{dl wpszìpi

h) Bfpgzdbpisdi midimwm ~lzg{b& ~zi čgmw kg ~lzg{di ljsg{die `wŴbd ~fbpipi qbml bfpgzdbpisdi midimbfdi i{dlq ~lzg{b&db~zimkgz `lhl`be clzmizbd w diqelbewmwfbpisdim `kgfbpdl-

qpimb& ebel ji qg db pbk dbčid qbm `lhl`be ljsg{diebqbčwsbl i ljdbsfkbl

i) SiŢg qpl~g ~lzg{b db dgìqpzijwizbdi i iqpzijwizbdi ~zlcip ‑ dgeg {gmfkg dbmgďw `l`bdg ~lzg{g `b ji ifi qmbdkifg ifi

~lsgďbfg disl ìqpzijwaikg ~zlcipb

?3 ^ZGOFG@

k) Q~gaikbfdg ~lzg{dg qpl~g web{wkw db ~zimkgdw ~zgcgzgd-aikbfdlo ifi zgqpziepisdlo pzgpmbdb w l~lzg{isbdkw eblmkgzg sbdkqelpzolsidqeg ~lfipieg elki zŴbsb slì w pzol-

sidqeim l`dlqimb q `zwoim `zŴbsbmb5 ldg mlow jipi siŢg



sidqeim l`dlqimb q `zwoim `zŴbsbmb5 ldg mlow jipi siŢg{b qpzbdg elm~bdikg ifi& ~be& diŴg {b qpzbdb wfbobdkb& lsiqdll zgoiki w elkw qg wfbŴg& lmkgzw wčgŢďb qpzbdlo eb~ipbfb&

jzlkw dlsl{b~lqfgdih `lmiaifdih w~lqfgdieb& i{sl{dlklzikgdpbaiki ~lzg{dlo ljsg{dieb i qfičdl

Dg~zbsičdlqp ~lzg{b db l`bdw szikg`dlqp i

ml`wqi elzioizbdkb dkgolsg dg~zbsičdlqpi^zgphl`dl kg q~lmgdwpl `b qg qlaikbfdl-~lfipičei ~lzg{di

~zidai~ mlŴg zgbfi{izbpi ~zifielm ~zimkgdg ìzgepdih ~lzg{dihljfieb& ~zi čgmw kg mlowďg i{w{gpi l` l~lzg{isbdkb go{iqpgdaikbfdimidimwm ~lzg{dlo ljsg{dieb& pg ~zi wpszĒisbdkw ~lzg{dgq~lqljdlqpi w{gpi w zb{mbpzbdkg i `zwog gfgmgdpg ljkgepisdg iqwjkgepisdg ~zizl`g ‖Pzgjb imbpi w si`w b qg i{dlq dgl~lzg{islo

midimwmb go{iqpgdaikg wpszĒwkg qbml w l`dlqw db dg~lqzg`dg ~lzg{g; fiab čiki kg `lhl`be iq~l` dkgob i~be ~fbďbkw ~lqzg`dg ~lzg{g (^@S i beai{g)& ew~wkwďi ~zli{sl`g ifi wqfwog w čiklk qwaikgdi ldi qezisgdi Iqpidb& lqfljlĒgdkgm ~lkgìdih ljbzb ifi wqfwobsipbfdih {b Ŵislpdi qpbd`bz`& l`dlqdl dkihlsim ~l`szobsbdkgmdiŴlk qpl~i ^@S-b& dbqplki qg slìpi qlaikbfdb ~lfipieb db pgzgdw

~lqzg`dlo l~lzg{isbdkb Dkgdi wčidai& mgĒwpim& ~zifičdl qw

q~lzdi& kgz lqfljlĒgdg ifi jfbŴg l~lzg{lsbdg bzpiefg eld{wmizbkwebel qizlmbŢdi& pbel i jlobpiki ozbĒbdi& ~b qg& w qpsbzi& ~zwŴb ~zgŢizleb lfbeŢiab& elkb lslì l qmbdkgdkb ~lzgqeih ~zihl`b”:?

Imbkwďi w si`w `b qg ~zidai~ ~zbsičdlqpi ~zi ~zimkgdiidìzgepdih ~lzg{b& b pimg i ^@S-b& dg mlŴg zgbfi{izbpi db ìzgepbddbčid& i~be qg idìzgepdim ~wpgm mlŴg& w mbdklk mkgzi& wpkgabpidb wmbdkgdkg qlaikbfdg dg~zbsičdlqpi elkb kg imbdgdpdb ~lzg{w db

`l`bdw szikg`dlqp Dbimg& elzioizbdkg dg~zbsičdlqpi ^@S-b`kgflmičdl kg mlowďg ~zlsgqpi ezl{ qiqpgm ~lzg{dih qpl~b lslopi~b l~lzg{isbdkb

??^ZGOFG@

:? ^l~lsiď& @gkbd& ^lzgqel ~zbsl - l~Ţpi `gl& Agelq id& Jglozb & :>>3& qpz ?2







2 ~lzg{ db `l`bdw szikg`dlqp mlŴg qg elziqpipi i {b lqpsbzi-sbdkg dgciqebfdih aifkgsb l~lzg{isbdkb&

: pzlŢelsi l~lzg{isbdkb ^@S-lm dg lsiqg qbml l jzlkw

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81^ZGOFG@

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80 ^ZGOFG@

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88 ^ZGOFG@

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22 Q~lzb{wm l qwjsgdaikbmb i eldpzb mkgzbmb QPL-b ~zl~iqwkg qfkg`gďgsg{bdl {b —qwjsgdaikg‖; Qmbpzbp ďg qg `b ~lqplki qwjsgdaikb welfiel; (b)(2)

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~lqgjdg `zŴbsdg eldagqikg& qwjsgdaikg {b ~l{bkmiag& i{sl{dg ~lpiabkg i qwjsgdaikg cizmbmb w sg{i q `l~zidlqimb {b ~fbďw^lp~wdikb qfieb zbq~ldb ljfieb `zŴbsdg ~lmlďi qg mlŴg si`kgpii{ qfkg`gďg efbqiciebaikg ebpgolzikb `zŴbsdg ~lmlďi GW2:

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k o ~k ) ~ kl~ďgdipl Ţpgpdg (i `l~zidlqg zbqi~bdkw kbsdih cld`lsb) q lj{izlmdb pl `b;

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Ebl Ţpl kg sgď q~lmgdwpl& ~lkgìdbčdg szqpg `zŴbsdg ~lmlďiw ljfbqpi l`jzbdg ifi qiowzdlqpi diqw ljzbĒgdg w lesizw ~zbsifb l`zŴbsdlk ~lmlďi kgz qg qmbpzbkw ìkgflm i{slzdg qwsgzgdlqpi {g-

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98 ^ZGOFG@

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2>0 ^ZGOFG@

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2>7^ZGOFG@

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zb{sipi i szgmgdqelo lesizb {b dkgols zb{slk i ~wdw cwdeaildbfdlqpQ lj{izlm db elm~fgeqdw ~lfipičew i idqpipwaildbfdw qpzwepwzwJiH& qsbei ljfie qiqpgmb zŴbsdg ~lmlďi ďg ls`kg jipi elm~fgeqbd&wefkwčwkwďi mdlog lzobdi{baikg i dislg ebl i ~lpgdaikbfdl qplpidg{sbdičdieb W sg{i q pim dg ~lqplkg ~zimkgzi {gmbfkb elkg kg fbelw~lzgìpi q JiH Sfbqpi JiH pzgjb `b qhsbpg `b Hzsbpqeb i Mbeg-`ldikb& db~zimkgz& diqw qfičdg w plm ~lofg`w I{ ~gzq~gepisg GW&Izqeb i Fipsbdikb qw {gmfkg qfičdg ~l sgfičidi Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi&bfi qw ldg kbel agdpzbfi{izbdg {gmfkg o`kg qg izgepdi qiqpgmi mlowl`mbh zb{sipi i im~fgmgdpizbpi

Ellzìdbaikb i bdobŴizbdlqp db zb{fičipim ~lfkimb geldlmqeg ~lfipieg (d~z w ~lofg`w mbfih i qzg`dkih ~zg`w{gďb& izgepdlo qpzb-dlo wfbobdkb& ciqebfdg ~lfipieg& dbweg i ~lfipieg idlsbaikb& zgoi-ldbfdlo zb{slkb w JiH) w JiH i zb{fičipim dislimb sfbqpi čbe i wiqplm ~lfkw geldlmqeg bepisdlqpi ďg pbelĒgz jipi ~lqgjbd i{b{ls

{b mbfw {gmfkw ebl Ţpl kg JiHQiqpgm `zŴbsdg ~lmlďi JiH pbelĒgz pzgjb `b jw`g `lslfkdlcfgeqijifbd ebel ji lòlsbzbl jw`wďim ~lpzgjbmb geldlmqelozb{slkb w {gmfki i jbfbdqizbl ~lpzgjg geldlmqelo zb{slkb q mgĒw-dbzl`dim ljbsg{bmb w ~lofg`w zgowfbaikg `zŴbsdg ~lmlďi wlesizw QQ^-b lqplkg leb{i ‑ bfi klŢ wsikge ih kg ~lpzgjdl ~lpezi-

kg~ipi ~ziew~fkbdkgm i bdbfi{lm ~l`bpbeb ‑ `b imb kbel mbfl`zŴbsdg ~lmlďi w JiH w qpsbzdlm qmiqfw zikgči w ~lzgĒgdkw q`zwoim {gmfkbmb Lqim plob& sbŴdl kg imbpi db wmw `b qg plmlŴg ~zlmikgdipi i w {bsiqdlqpi l` qpbsb pzgjb qg ~zlmikgdipiebel qg JiH ezgďg eb geldlmqelk pzbd{iaiki MgĒwpim& sbŴdl kg`b qiqpgm `zŴbsdg ~lmlďi JiH dg pzgjb ezgizbpi qb`b db dbčid `b

2>?^ZGOFG@



`zŴbsb čfbdiab i ~lpzgjg `b qg {bŢpipi eldewzgdaikb i pzolsidb db{bkg`dičelm pzŴiŢpw ^lzg` plob& qbmb ~zbsifb qg mikgdkbkw Qsglsl ďg qplob ~lqpbsipi ~lqgjdg i{b{lsg ~zg` Jlqdw i Hgzagolsidww ~lpzb{i {b i{jbfbdqizbdim ~ziqpw~lm elki ďg cwdeaildizbpi wJiH wskgpimb i elki ďg jipi gcgepisdl ellzìdizbd q ezbpelzlčdimi wolzlčdim {bhpkgsimb geldlmqelo zb{slkb {gmfkg i dbqpbkbdkgmellzìdizbdg `zŴbsdg id`wqpzikqeg ~lfipieg



Lqdlsdi ~lkmlsi

Jgq~zbsdb kg qsbeb `zŴbsdb ~lmlď elkb kg `lìkgfkgdb jg{`l~wŢpgdkb Elmiqikg b i{db` kg `g midimiq dislb& q i{w{gpelmozw~dih i{w{gďb

@g midimiq ifi midimbfdi ~zbo kg ~zl~iqlm `gcidizbdi i{dlq ~zlpwszikg`dlqpi elziqpi elkw kg `ljil ~lqflsdi qwjkgep l` `zŴbsg ifidklk ~l`zgĒgdih idqpipwaikb iq~l` elkgo qg dg qmbpzb `b ~zikgpidbzwŢbsbdkg eldewzgdaikg i pzolsidg db kgìdqpsgdlm pzŴiŢpw GW

@zŴbsdb ~lmlď kg ljfie `zŴbsdg idpgzsgdaikg ~l`flŴbd {bjzb-dbmb& i{w{gaimb i i{w{gďimb `gcidizbdim w čfbdw 8? Wolslzb l G[-w

w aifkw lčwsbdkb kgìdqpsgdlo pzŴiŢpbOzw~db i{w{gďb qw ldb elkb `gcidizb Elmiqikb ebel ji siŢg

qfičdih ljfbqpi elkimb kg ~lmlď ~lpzgjdb& i elkb qg i{dlsb ~lkb-sfkwkw& b elkb dg dbzwŢbsb cwdeaildizbdkg kgìdqpsgdlo pzŴiŢpb& i{w-{gfl i{ ~lqpw~eb dlpiciebaikb

I{w{gai l` ~zimkgdg ~zbsifb zŴbsdg ~lmlďi ljwhsbďbkw qfwčbkgsg`gcidizbdg čfbdlm 8?(:) Wolslzb l GW i imbkw qdbow qbmi ~l qgji

i dg ~l`fikgŴw ~wdlk dlpiciebaiki ~zgmb ElmqikiI{w{gďb w ~zimkgdi ~zbsifb `zŴbsdg ~lmlďi ~zg`qpbsfkbkw lqdls{b ~l{ipisdw l`fwew Gszl~qeg elmiqikg elklm i{w{imb dgew qhgmw`zŴbsdg ~lmlďi l` {bjzbdg w~zbsl db {bhpkgs `zŴbsg čfbdiag jb{izbdb mlowďim i{w{gďimb i{ čfbdb 8?(1) Wolslzb l G[-w

Dgfgobfdb kg qsbeb zŴbsdb ~lmlď elkb kg lìkgfkgdb jg{ l- ~wŢpgdkb Elmiqikg i elkb ~lzg` plob ~l qslklk qwŢpidi ~lp~b`b ~l`{bjzbdg gcidizbdg čfbdlm 8? Wolslzb l G[-w i ~zgfb{i g midimiq

Dlpiciebaikb kg clzmbfdb ~zikbsb l`dlqdl {bhpkgs {b l`ljzb-sbdkg zŴbsdg ~lmlďi elki zŴbsg čfbdiag w~wďwkw Gszl~qelk elmiqiki

^lqplkgďb `zŴbsdb ~lmlď kg ldb elkb kg ~lqplkbfb ~zikg dlŢpl qw ~zbsifb i{ Wolslzb qpw~ifb db qdbow w `zŴbsbmb čfbdiabmb

2>9^ZGOFG@



O@^ ‑ Ozbd` @lmgqpia ^zl`wap(Jzwpl `zwŢpsgdi ~zli{sl`)

LK ‑ Lcciaibf Klwzdbf

(QfwŴjgdi fiqp)QBB ‑ Qpbjifiqbpild bd` Baagqqild Bozggmgdpq(Q~lzb{wm l qpbjifi{baiki i ~zi`zwŴisbdkw& QQ^)

QBB^ ‑ Qpbpg Bi` Bapild ^fbd(Beaildi ~fbd l `zŴbsdlk ~lmlďi)



QOGI ‑ Qgzsiagq lc Ogdgzbf Galdlmia Idpgzgqp(Wqfwog l` l~ďgo geldlmqelo idpgzgqb)

QMGq ‑ Qmbff bd` Mgìwm Gdpgz~ziqgq(Mbfb i qzg`dkb ~zg`w{gďb)

_J ‑ _lzf` Jbde (Qskgpqeb jbdeb)

_PL ‑ _lzf` Pzb`g Lzobdiqbpild(Qskgpqeb pzolsidqeb lzobdi{baikb& QPL)

Jijfilozbcikb

2 Abqg A-:8>,>> Bfpmbze Pzbdq OmjH s$ Zgoigzwdoq~zb- qiìwm Mbo`gjwzo & (:>>1) GAZ I-??0?

:Abqg P-21:,93 # 201,935 Czgiqpbbp Qbahqgd S$ Almmiqqild(2999) GAZ II-1331

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Lcciaibf Klwzdbf F 81 lc :? Mbzah 2999? @O Alm~gpipild Zg~lzp ld Alm~gpipild ^lfiay Dl :8

Jzwqqgfq& 29988@zbcp Almmiqqild Zgowfbpild ld phg B~fiabpild lc Bzpiafgq

8? bd` 88 lc phg GA pzgbpy ld phg g midimiq bi` LcciaibfKlwzdbf A 21? lc 2> Kwdg :>>3 bq bmgd`g` jy phg @zbcp

~wjfiqhg` ld 2: Kwdg :>>3

222^ZGOFG@



W@E 11:20 % 1191?3(09?3)

Iqhbe MgŢiď

LQDLSG QPZBPGOIKG ZB[SLKB PZOLSIDG WJLQDI I HGZAGOLSIDI

PHG GFGMGDPQ LC PZB@G @GSGFL^MGDP



PHG GFGMGDPQ LC PZB@G @GSGFL^MGDPQPZBPGOY ID JLQDIB BD@ HGZ[GOLSIDB

QbŴgpbe

Lsb qpwìkb iqpzbŴwkg pzolsidw w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi& dkgd qb`bŢdki disl zb{slkb i ~lpzgjw pzbd{iaikg l` efbqičdg i wqipdkgdgpzolsidg w ~zbsaw zb{slkb idpgozbfdg i ofljbfdg pzolsidg& elkbďg ~lqpg~gdl ~zgw{imbpi qsg sgďi jzlk mbzegpidŢeih cwdeaikb i

~lqpbpi bepisbd elzgeplz ~zli{sl`dkg ~zgmb {bhpkgsimb i ~lpzgjbmbezbkdkih ~lpzlŢbčb$

Elm~bzbpisdb bdbfi{b pzolsidg Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg q pzol-sidlm w gszl~qeim {gmfkbmb ~leb{wkg `b kg ~lqpiodwpl l`zgĒgdl

qpzwepwzdl ~zijfiŴbsbdkg pzolsidg Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg ~zgmb qpzwepwzi pzolsidg w Gszl~qelk wdiki$ Qgeplzqeb qpzwepwzb ìqpzi-jwpisdg pzolsidg Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg w :>>1$ olìdi ~zijfiŴifb qg

qgeplzqelk qpzwepwzi Gszl~qeg wdikg w ~lofg`w wčgŢďb {b~lqfgdih

i qpzwepwzi ~zlmgpb ~l `kgfbpdlqpimb$ MgĒwpim& eb`b kg w ~ipbdkw qgeplzqeb qpzwepwzb jzlkb ~zg`w{gďb& pzolsidb JiH ~leb{wkg`zbqpičbd zbqelzbe w l`dlqw db Gszl~qew wdikw$ Zgfbpisdb qpzw-epwzb ~zlmgpb pzolsidg w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi ~zijfiŴifb qg qpzwepwzipzolsidg w Gszl~qelk wdiki$ MgĒwpim& b~qlfwpdg sgfičidg ~zlmgpb

~leb{wkw `zbqpičdl {blqpbkbdkg pzolsidg Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg {bpzolsidlm Gszl~qeg wdikg$

[b wq~kgŢbd dbqpbsbe pzbd{iaikg pzolsidg w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsididgl~hl`dl kg `b qg dbqpbsi ~lfipičel-~zbsdb pzbdqclzmbaikb& elkbďg zg{wfpizbpi jlfklm zgowfbaiklm pzŴiŢpb$ lpzgjdl kg b qg db dislw`zŴbsg Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg `gcidizb kgìdqpsgdb pzolsbčeb ~lfipieb&`ldgqg kgìdqpsgdb {beldl`bsdb zgowfbpisb i i{szŢi wqpzlkqpsl

221^ZGOFG@

kgìdqpsgdih zŴbsdih lzobdb& elki qw db fgŴdi {b idpgozbfdw eldpzlfwzljdldlsčbdih plelsb db aikgflm ~l`zwčkw Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg$

Pzolsidb Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg pzgjb `b dbqpbsi ~wpgm `bfkdkgpzbd{iaikg ezl{ zgqpzwepwzizbdkg w~zbsfkbdkb& zb{slk mbzegpido eldag~aikg& pzbd{iaikw l` efbqičdg ~zgmb zb{slkw qbszgmgdgpzolsidg& ofljbfi{baikw i idpgzdbaildbfi{baikw pzolsidg& ~lsgďbdkgwčgŢďb gfgepzldqeg pzolsidg i wslĒgdkg mgĒwdbzl`dih qpbd`bz`bw pzolsidw Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg$



Efkwčdg zikgči; pzolsidb& ~zg`w{gďg& ~zlmgp& {b~lqfgdi& qpzwepwzb

QwmmbzyPhiq qpw`y zgqgbzahgq phg pzb`g id Jlqdib bd` Hgz{golsidb&

ipq `gsgfl~mgdp bd` pzbdqipild czlm phg afbqqiabf bd` czbomgdpg` idpl phg idpgozbf bd` ofljbf pzb`g phbp iff ozb`wbffy wd`gzpbegmlzg bd` mlzg mbzegpido cwdapildq bd` jgalmg bd bapisgalzzgaplz lc ~zl`wapild id baalz`bdag iph phg `gmbd`q bd` dgg`q lc cidbf aldqwmgzq$

Phg alm~bzbpisg bdbfyqgq lc phg pzb`g id JiH hbq qhld bagzpbid qpzwapwzbf b~~zlbah lc phg pzb`g id Jlqdib bd`

Hgz{golsidb pl phg pzb`g qpzwapwzg id phg Gwzl~gbd Wdild$Phg qgaplz qpzwapwzg lc phg ìqpzijwpisg pzb`g id Jlqdib bd`

Hgz{golsidb id :>>1 b~~zlbahg` pl phg qgaplz qpzwapwzg lc phg Gwzl~gbd Wdild iph zgcgzgdag pl phg ~bzpiai~bpild lc phg gm~flyg` bd` phg qpzwapwzg lc phg pwzdlsgz iphid gbah bapisipy$ Hlgsgz&

bq pl phg iqqwg lc phg qgaplz qpzwapwzg lc phg dwmjgz lc alm~bdigq&phg pzb`g id JiH hbq qhld b `zbqpia ìqazg~bday id zgfbpild plphg Gwzl~gbd Wdild$

B zgfbpisg qpzwapwzg lc phg pzb`g pwzdlsgz id Jlqdib bd` Hgz{golsidb abmg aflqgz pl phg pzb`g qpzwapwzg id phg Gwzl~gbdWdild$ Hlgsgz& phg bjqlfwpg mbodipw`gq lc phg pwzdlsgz hbsg

qhld b `zbqpia fbooido lc phg JiH pzb`g jghid` phg pzb`g id phg Gwzl~gbd Wdild$

Pl gdqwzg b qwaagqqcwf aldpidwbpild lc phg pzbdqipild lc pzb`gid Jlqdib bd` Hgz{golsidb& ip iq gqqgdpibf pl aldpidwg iph phg

~lfipiabf-fgobf pzbdqclzmbpild phbp iff zgqwfp id b jgppgz zgowfbpildlc phg mbzegp$ Ip iq dgagqqbzy pl zgowfbpg bp phg fgsgf lc Jlqdib

220 ^ZGOFG@

bd` Hgz{golsidb b wdicig` pzb`g ~lfiay& gqpbjfiqh b wdicig` fgobf czbmglze bd` pl gqpbjfiqh wdicig` qpbpg bwphlzipigq alm~gpgdp clz phg idpgozbf aldpzlf lc almmlìpigq bd` mldgpbzy cflq$

Phg pzb`g id Jlqdib bd` Hgz{golsidb qhlwf` aldpidwg iph

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~bzpiai~bpild bq gff bq phg idpzl`wapild lc phg idpgzdbpildbf



qpbd bz q id phg pzb`g lc Jlqdib bd` Hgz{golsidb$

Egy lz`q; pzb`g& alm~bdy& pwzdlsgz& gm~flyggq& qpzwapwzg

Wsl`

Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb qg dbeld zbq~b`b jisŢg KwolqfbsikgdbŢfb db zbqezqdiai ~lfipičeih i geldlmqeih ~wpgsb w pwzjwfgdpdlmqskgpqelm lezwŴgdkw Ibel oglozbcqei ~zi~b`b Gszl~i& qslklmdbqfikgĒgdlm ~lfipičel-geldlmqelm qpzwepwzlm wsgfiel {blqpbkg{b zb{sikgdim gszl~qeim geldlmikbmb

W aifkw wqefbĒisbdkb ~lfipičel-geldlmqelo zb{slkb q zb{slkgmw qbszgmgdlm qsikgpw& Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb kg ebl i mdlog`zwog jisŢg qlaikbfiqpičeg {gmfkg ezgdwfb ~wpgm pzbd{iaikg ebel

~lfipičelo pbel i geldlmqelo qiqpgmb zlagq pzbd{iaikg w Jlqdii Hgzagolsidi l`sikb qg w `bfgel pgŴim wskgpimb dgol w `zwoim{gmfkbmb Zbpdg ~lqfkgìag wdb{bìfg qw ildbel zb{slkdl {blqpbfw

~ziszg`w& wqflŴifg qw ~lfipičew i geldlmqew lelfidw& ebl bmjikgdp{b ~ziszg`dw pzbd{iaikw

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~zgfb{be db pzŴiŢdw ~ziszg`w& pzolsidb kg kg`db l` ~zsih kgfbpdlqpiw elkw kg dbk~zikg i dbkjzŴg ~lčgl wfb{ipi ~zisbpdi qgeplz L`

~lčgpeb ~zgfbqeb db pzŴiŢdw ~ziszg`w ~b `l `bdbq lolìfg qw qgsgfieg ~zlmkgdg ebel w mbzegpido lelfidi pbel i w qbmlk pzolsbčelk

`kgfbpdlqpi ezl{ i{mkgdw dg qbml dkgdg qgeplzqeg i lzobdi{baikqegqpzwepwzg& i{zbŴgdg jzlkgm i szqplm pzolsbčeih qwjkgebpb& dgol i ~zlmkgdg w qpzbpgoikbmb dkgdlo pzŴiŢdlo dbqpw~b Lsg sgfieg ~zlmkgdg elkg qw qg `lolìfg w `kgfbpdlqpi pzolsidg diqw qelzldiebel ifi qw szfl mbfl dbwčdl ljzbĒgdg

227^ZGOFG@



Ţpsgdg qslkidg&1 db lqdlsw elkih qg `zwŢpsgdb imlsidb ~zgpsbzbw `zŴbsdw& b ~zikgzbpdi ~zisbpi{izbdi ìldičei eb~ipbf ~l`szobsbqg dbedb`dlk zgsi{iki ~zgphl`dl i{szŢgdg sfbqdičeg pzbdqclzmbaikg

Dbeld zbpb& ~zilzipgpbd ~ziszg`di {b`bpbe ~lqpbkg ~zisbpi{baikb`zŴbsdlo eb~ipbfb w ~ziszgì Qhl`dl pbeslm l~zg`kgfkgdkw& dbdislw Cg`gzbaikg JiH `ldlqi qg [beld l ~zisbpi{baiki ~zg`w{gďb0

^zbsdb sbŴdlqp lslo {beldb l`dlqi qg qbml db ~l`zwčkg Cg`g-zbaikg JiH& `le Zg~wjfieb Qz~qeb `ldlqi ~lqgjdg {beldg l

~zisbpi{baiki elki qg l`dlqg db ~ziszg`dg qwjkgepg db ~l`zwčkw



22?^ZGOFG@

plo gdpipgpb ^zgmb dbsg`gdlm [beldw l ~zisbpi{baiki& pzolsbčeb ~zg`w{gďb db ~l`zwčkw Cg`gzbaikg JiH qw qg mlofb ~zisbpi{izbpi

ezl{ pzi ljfieb;- Kbsdw ~zl`bkw ìldiab (sgfieb ~zisbpi{baikb)5- Kbsdw ~zl`bkw imlsidg (mbfb ~zisbpi{baikb)5 i- Kbsdw elmjidizbdw ~zl`bkw i ìldiab i imlsidg (elmjidizbdb ~zisbpi{baikb)

Lqim lslo {beldb& ldgqgdl kg klŢ di{ ~zl~iqb elki lmlow-

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~ziszg`dih `kgfbpdlqpi

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:?-18



Pbjgfb jz :; Sfbqdičeb qpzwepwzb pzolsbčeih ~zg`w{gďbw Zg~wjfiai Qz~qelk JiH

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^l`bai l jzlkw ~zg`w{gďb `ljisgdi l` Z[Q ZQZQ& ~l {bhpkgsimb l`



229^ZGOFG@

:> 7 :>>1 i l` 2? 7 :>>0

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Qgeplzqew qpzwepwzw ìqpzijwpisdg pzolsidg w Jlqdi i Hgzag-olsidi ifwqpzizbkw ~l`bai i{ qfkg`gďg pbjgfg;

Pbjgfb jz 1 ; Qpzwepwzb ìqpzijwpisdg pzolsidgJlqdg i Hgzagolsidg

3 Z[Q ZQ& Jbdkbfweb& ~l`bai ~l {bhpkgsw bwplzb l` 2? 7 :>>0



Db~lmgdb; ^l`bai jg{ Jzčel @iqpziepb +^zlakgdb db jb{i qpzwepwzg l` :8 0

:>>1 i jzlkb pzo ~zg`w{gďb l` 12 2: :>>1I{slzi; Qpbpiqpičei olìŢdkbe CJiH :>>1& :>>0& :>>7 hpp~;,,c{qjb5Qpbpiqpieb wdwpzbŢdkg pzolsidg& Qp jifpgd 2,:>>3& Esbzpbfdi qpbpiqpičei ~zgofg`& jzlkgsi2& :& 1 i 0,:>>1& 0,:>>7& Z[QZQ& hpp~;,,z{qzqjb5 Bep Z[Q ZQ jzlk 22>?-2,:>>1&l` 23 7 :>>15 ^l`bai Z[Q ZQ& ~l {bhpkgsw bwplzb& l` 2? 7 :>>0 ^l`bai C[Q CJiH&l` 22 7 :>>0

^zgphl`db pbjgfb bfb kg akgflsipw qfiew qpzwepwzg iqpzijwpisdgpzolsidg w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi& ~zgmb ~zgpgŴdlk `kgfbpdlqpi I{

pbjgfg qg siì ~lzbqp akgflew~dg pzolsidg w :>>0 i :>>7 olìdiPbel kg ~zlmgp ìqpzijwpisdg pzolsidg ~lzbqpbl {b 19&8' w :>>0&b {b 1?&1' w :>>7 olìdi

Pzgd` ~lzbqpb siqidg ~zlmgpb iqpzijwpisdg pzolsidg w Jlqdii Hgzagolsidi w dgelfiel ~lqfkg`dkih olìdb mlŴg qg si`kgpi i{qfkg`gďg qfieg;

I{slzi; QO CJiH :>>:& :>>1& :>>0 i :>>7 hpp~;,,c{qjb5 QpbpiqpiebwdwpzbŢdkg pzolsidg& Qp jifpgd 2,:>>3& Z[QZQ& Esbzpbfdi qpbpiqpičei ~zgofg`& jzlk0,:>>1& 0,:>>0 i 0,:>>7 Z[QZQ& hpp~;,,z{qzqjb

2:> ^ZGOFG@

^zgphl`db qfieb ~leb{wkg sgfiei ~lzbqp ~zlmgpb ìqpzijwpisdgpzolsidg w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi MgĒwpim& lsbk ~lzbqp dikg plfielzg{wfpbp ~lzbqpb ew~lsdg mlďi& dgol kg siŢg zg{wfpbp kbčbdkb zŴbsdgeldpzlfg zljdih plelsb i ~lsgďbdkb wčgŢďb fgobfdg pzolsidg db pzŴiŢpw

Qgeplzqew qpzwepwzw iqpzijwpisdg pzolsidg Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidgdbkjlfkg ~leb{wkg qfkg`gďb qfieb;



I{slzi; Qpbpiqpičei olìŢdkbe CJiH :>>1& Qbzbkgsl& :>>0& hpp~;,,c{qjb5

Esbzpbfdi qpbpiqpičei ~zgofg`& jzlkgsi 2& :& 1 i 0,:>>1& Z[QZQ& hpp~;,,z{qzqjb5Bep Z[Q ZQ jzlk 22>?-2,:>>1& l` 23 7 :>>15 ^l`bai Z[Q ZQ& ~l {bhpkgsw bwplzb&l` 2? 7 :>>0 ^l`bai C[Q CJiH& ~l {bhpkgsw bwplzb l` 22 7 :>>0

I{ ~zgphl`dg qfieg qg siì `b pzolsidb db sgfiel lqpsbzwkg70&7'& pzolsidb db mbfl 1:&:' i pzolsidb mlplzdim sl{ifimb iolzislm 21&1' l` wew~dlo ~zlmgpb w ìqpzijwpisdlk pzolsidi

:$ Bdbfi{b qb`bŢdkgo qpbdkb pzolsidgw Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi

:$2$ Wflob i {dbčbk pzolsidg w wew~dlk~ziszgì Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg

W qbofg`bsbdkw wflog i {dbčbkb pzolsidg w wew~dlk ~ziszgìJlqdg i Hgzagolsidg bdbfi{izbp ďgml qfkg`gďg ~leb{bpgfkg;

- WčgŢďg pzolsidg w wew~dlk {b~lqfgdlqpi5- WčgŢďg pzolsidg w `l`bdlk szikg`dlqpi (sbfwg b``g`)5- WčgŢďg pzolsbčeih w wew~dlm jzlkw ~ziszg`dih ~zg`w{gďb5- WčgŢďg pzolsidg w wew~dim idsgqpiaikbmb

2:2^ZGOFG@

Jzlk {b~lqfgdih w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi w :>>7 olìdi i{dlqil kg 31:323 zb`dieb (w CJiH 188023& b w ZQ :00:>>)& l` elkih kgw pzolsidi {b~lqfgdl 9?888 zb`dieb (CJiH 712:0& ZQ 00?30)?

Ezgpbdkg wčgŢďb pzolsidg w wew~dlk {b~lqfgdlqpi w Jlqdi i

Hgzagolsidi ~leb{wkg pgd`gdaikw zbqpb i ~zijfiŴbsbdkb qpl~i wčgŢďb{gmbfkb Gszl~qeg wdikg



2:: ^ZGOFG@

I{slzi; Qpbpiqpičei olìŢdkbe JiH 2991-29985 Qpbpiqpičei olìŢdkbe CJiH :>>:&C[Q Qbzbkgsl& :>>:5 Mkgqgčdi qpbpiqpičei ~zgofg` 0,:>>:& Z[Q ZQ& Jbdkbfweb& :>>:5

Idclzmbaikb jz 2-0,:>>0& C[Q Qbzbkgsl& :>>0& hpp~;,,c{qjb5 Qbl~Ţpgdkgqpbpiqpieg zb`b III-IX& :>>1& Zg~wjfičei {bsl` {b qpbpiqpiew ZQ& Jbdkbfweb& :>>1&hpp~;,,z{qzqjb Cg`gzbfdi {bsl` {b qpbpiqpiew; OlìŢdkg qpbpiqpičeg idclzmbaikg([b~lqfgdlqp& dg{b~lqfgdlqp i ~fbďg)& hpp~;,,c{qjb5 Qbl~Ţpgdkg qpbpiqpieg zb`bqg~pgmjbz& :>>7& Zg~wjfičei {bsl` {b qpbpiqpiew ZQ& hpp~;,,z{qzqjb

WčgŢďg pzolsidg w wew~dlk {b~lqfgdlqpi w Jlqdi i Hgzag-olsidi i{dlqifl kg w :>>7 olìdi 27&0?' (w CJiH 21&?'& w ZQ28&11')& `le kg wčgŢďg pzolsidg w {b~lqfgdlqpi w Gszl~qelk wdiki

w 299? olìdi i{dlqifl 23'& w QB@-w 29' i w Kb~bdw 28'WčgŢďg pzolsidg w wew~dlk `l`bdlk szikg`dlqpi (sbfwg

b``g`) w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi w :>>0 olìdi i{dlqifl kg 27'(21&39' w CJiH& 23&3>' w ZQ i :9&2?' w Jzčel @iqpziepw) i ~zgŢfl

kg ~zlqkgčdw qpl~w {gmbfkb Gszl~qeg wdikg i{ 299? ol idg l` 21'@l`bdb (dlslqpslzgdb) szikg`dlqp pzolsidg w Jlqdi i Hgzag-

olsidi w :>>0 olìdi `lqpiofb kg i{dlq l` 2&3 mifikbzì EM (2&>:

? OlìŢdkg qpbpiqpičeg idclzmbaikg ([b~lqfgdlqp& dg{b~lqfgdlqp i ~fbďg)&C[Q JiH& hpp~;,,c{qjb5

Qbl~Ţpgdkg qpbpiqpieg zb`b& qg~pgmjbz :>>7& Zg~wjfičei {bsl` {b qpbpiqpiewZQ& hpp~;,,z{qzqjb



WčgŢďg pzolsbčeih w wew~dlm jzlkw ~zg`w{gďb w Jlqdii Hgzagolsidi w :>>1 olìdi i{dlqifl kg 10&9' WčgŢďg pzolsbčeihw wew~dlm jzlkw ~zg`w{gďb w 299? olìdi w Gszl~qelk wdikii{dlqifl kg :8' Wew~bd jzlk zgoiqpzizbdih ~ziszg`dih ~zg`w{gďbw Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi w :>>1 olìdi i{dlqil kg 017>3& l` elkihqw 272?0 pzolsbčeb ~zg`w{gďb

WčgŢďg pzolsbčeih w wew~dlm jzlkw ~zg`w{gďb w Cg`gzbaikiJiH w :>>7 olìdi i{dlqifl kg 12&?1' Qpl~b wčgŢďb pzolsbčeihw wew~dim ~zg`w{gďimb w zbdikim olìdbmb pzbd{iaikg jifb kgi{w{gpdl siqleb b {b`dkih olìdb ~leb{wkg pgd`gdaikw l~b`bdkb



i{w{gpdl siqleb& b {b`dkih olìdb ~leb{wkg pgd`gdaikw l~b`bdkbi dlzmbfi{baikg ~zgmb qpl~i w Gszl~qelk wdiki& Ţpl ifwqpzizb i

qfkg`gďb qfieb;

I{slzi; QO JiH 2991-29985 QO CJiH :>>:5 QO CJiH :>>1& C[Q Qbzbkgsl& :>>1&hpp~;,,c{qjb OlìŢdkg qpbpiqpičeg idclzmbaikg ‑ Zgoiqpbz ~lqflsdih qwjkgebpb5[b~lqfgdlqp& dg{b~lqfgdlqp i ~fbďg& :>>7& c{qjb

^zgphl`db qfieb ifwqpzizb zbqp wčgŢďb pzolsidg w wew~dlk{b~lqfgdlqpi i w `l`bdlk szikg`dlqpi& q kg`dg qpzbdg& pg qmbdkgdkgwčgŢďb pzolsbčeih w wew~dlm jzlkw ~zg`w{gďb& q `zwog qpzbdg&Ţpl qsg qew~b ~zg`qpbsfkb ~l{ipisdg pzgd`lsg w zb{slkw pzolsidg

w ~zbsaw dkgdg l~pimbfi{baikg w wew~dlk ~ziszg`dlk qpzwepwzi& eblw {gmfkbmb Gszl~qeg wdikg Zbqp qpl~b wčgŢďb pzolsidg w wew~dlk{b~lqfgdlqpi i w `l`bdlk szikg`dlqpi kg ~l{ipisbd pzgd` q lj{izlmdb pl `b qw qb`bŢdkg qpl~g klŢ wsikge mbdkg l` ~zlqkgčdih qpl~b

2:0 ^ZGOFG@



:$:$ Elm~bzbpisdb bdbfi{b zb{slkb i qpzwepwzgpzolsidg Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg i Gszl~g

@b jiqml bdbfi{izbfi elfiel pzolsidb Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg

{blqpbkg w l`dlqw db qbszgmgdw gszl~qew pzolsidw& pg b jiqml ~zgai{dikg `gcidizbfi ~zbsag i pzgd`lsg jw`wďgo zb{slkb jlqbdqel-hgzagolsbčeg pzolsidg& db~zbsip ďgml ezbpew elm~bzbpisdwbdbfi{w qpbdkb pzolsidg JiH q pzolsidlm w Gszl~i

Elm~bzbaikw qgeplzqeg qpzwepwzg ìqpzijwpisdg pzolsidgJlqdg i Hgzagolsidg w l`dlqw db Gszl~qew wdikw dbkjlfkg ifwqpzizbqfkg`gďb qfieb;



qfkg`gďb qfieb;

Fgogd`b; PS = Pzolsidb db sgfiel& PM = Pzolsidb db mbfl& PMS = Pzolsidbmlplzdim sl{ifimb i mlplzdim olzislm I{slzi; Qhbzg lc Mlplz& _hlfgqbfg bd` ZgpbifPzb`gq id Plpbf @iqpzijwpisg Pzb`gq& Gwzlqpbp& :>>3 hpp~;,,g~~gwzlqpbpagagwidp,

~lzpbf,~bog<\~bogi`=2993&1920>987#\`b`=~lzpbf#\qahgmb=^LZPBF#qazggdQpbpiqpičei olìŢdkbe CJiH :>>1 i :>>0& Qbzbkgsl& :>>0 hpp~;,,c{qjb5 Esbzpbfdiqpbp ~zgofg` 2& :& 1 i 0,:>>1& Z[QZQ& hpp~;,,z{qzqjb5 Bep Z[Q ZQ jzlk 22>?-2,

:>>1& l` 23 7 :>>15 ^l`bai Z[Q ZQ& l` 2? 7 :>>0 ^l`bai C[Q CJiH5 @iqpzijwpisgPzb`gq id Gwzl~g”& Gwzl~gbd Almmwdipigq& :>>2

Ebl Ţpl qg siì i{ ~zgphl`dg qfieg& qgeplzqeb qpzwepwzb iqpzijwpisdg pzolsidg Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg w :>>1 olìdi ~zijfiŴifbqg qgeplzqelk qpzwepwzi Gszl~qeg wdikg w ~lofg`w wčgŢďb {b~lqfgdihi ~zlmgpb ~l kgfbpdlqpimb MgĒwpim& eb`b kg w ~ipbdkw qgeplzqebqpzwepwzb jzlkb ~zg`w{gďb& pzolsidb JiH ~leb{wkg `zbqpičbd

zbqelzbe w l`dlqw db Gszl~qew wdikw Dbksgďi zbqelzbe w qpzwepwzi pzolsidg ~zg`qpbsfkb sgfiei ~zlagdp jzlkb ~zg`w{gďb pzolsidg db sgfiel w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi& Ţplweb{wkg db čidkgdiaw `b kg pzolsidb db sgfiel wqipdkgdb ezl{ sgfiei

2:3 ^ZGOFG@

jzlk mbdkih ~zg`w{gďb Sgfiei zbqelzbe pbelĒgz ~zg qpbsfkb i {blqpbkbdkg jzlkb mbfl~zl`bkdih w l`dlqw db jzlk sgfg~zl bkdih ~zg w{gďb

Qplob ji jw`wďi zb{slk pzolsidg pzgjbl jipi w ~zbsaw lezw~dkb-sbdkb sgfg~zl`bkdih ~zg`w{gďb i ~lsgďbdkw dkihlsg sgfičidg& b qmb-

dkgdkw zgfbpisdlo wčgŢďb w wew~dlm jzlkw pzolsbčeih ~zg`w{gďbQgeplzqeb qpzwepwzb ~zlmgpb ìqpzijwpisdg pzolsidg

~leb{wkg wčgŢďg pzolsidg db sgfiel 77'& pzolsidg db mbfl qb1:' i pzolsidg mlplzdim sl{ifimb qb 21' Qgeplzqeb qpzwepwzb

~zlmgpb w Gszl~qelk wdiki kg jifb 70' pzolsidb db sgfiel& :9'pzolsidb db mbfl i 2?' pzolsidb mlplzdim sl{ifimb

I ` iì ` f pi ep e p ep p



I{ dbsg`gdlo qg siì `b qg zgfbpisdb qgeplzqeb qpzwepwzb ~zlmgpb

pzolsidg w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi ~zijfiŴifb qpzwepwzi w Gszl~qelkwdiki MgĒwpim& b~qlfwpdg sgfičidg ~zlmgpb ~leb{wkw `zbqpičdl{blqpbkbdkg pzolsidg Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg {b pzolsidlm Gszl~qegwdikg Qplob kg szfl sbŴdl `b qg w dbzg`dlm ~gzil`w lqiowzbkwmbezlgeldlmqei wskgpi {b zb{slk akgflew~dg ~ziszg`g ebel ji qg

~lzg` zgfbpisdg qpzwepwzg ~zlmgpb ~l~zbsifb i qpzwepwzb b~qlfwpdihsgfičidb ~zlmgpb (siqidb ~zlmgpb ~l ~zg`w{gďw i ~l zb`diew)

Qgeplzqeb qpzwepwzb {b~lqfgdih w ìqpzijwpisdlk pzolsidi

Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg ~leb{wkg qfičdlqp qb qpzwepwzlm w Gszl~qelkwdiki& lqim pzolsidg mlplzdim sl{ifimb

Jzlk {b~lqfgdih i jzlk ~zl`bsdiab w pzolsidi db mbfl mlowqg si`kgpi i{ qfkg`gďg pbjgfg;

Pbjgfb jz 0; Elm~bzbpisdb bdbfi{b jzlkb ~zl`bsdiabi {b~lqfgdlqpi w pzolsidi db mbfl(jg{ pzolsidg mlplzdim sl{ifimb)

Db~lmgdb; - Jzlk ~zl bsdiab ljwhsbpil kg i qbmlqpbfdg pzolsidqeg zb dkg (QPZ& ljzpdieg)- Jzlk ~zl`bsdiab w GW dbsg`gd kg ~zgmb; Flszgpb i zwoi& Pzolsidb& qpz 083I{slzi; Zgpbifido id phg Agdpzbf Gwzl~gbd Alwdpzigq 2993& Gwzl~gbd Almmwdipigq&299?& ~bogq 9-2:5 ‖@iqpzijwpisg Pzb`gq id Gwzl~g”& Gwzl~gbd Almmwdipigq& :>>2&

~bog 23>5 Qhbzg lc Mlplz& _hlfgqbfg bd` Zgpbif Pzb`gq id Plpbf @iqpzijwpisg Pzb`gq&Gwzlqpbp& :>>3 hpp~;,,g~~gwzlqpbpagagwidp,~lzpbf,~bog<~bogi`=2993&192 0 >987#

2:?^ZGOFG@

\`b`=~lzpbf#\qahgmb=^LZPBF#qazggd QO CJiH :>>1& hpp~;,,c{qjb5Mkgqgčdi qpbpiqpičei ~zgofg` 1,:>>:& qpz 00& Z [Q ZQ5 Qbl~Ţpgdkg Z[Q ZQ jz >2& l`221:>>15 @l~iq Z[Q ZQ jzlk 22>?-2,:>>1& 23>7:>>15 Bep C[Q CJiH jzlk >?-1:9-39>,>1& 1>>7 :>>15 Bep lzg{dg w~zbsg CJiH jzlk 2>,>:-09-2?3?,>1-BŮ l` 03:>>15Qpbpiqpičei fgpl~iq :>>7& Qpbpiqpičdi wzb` Zg~wjfieg Qflsgdikg hpp~;,,qpbpqi5 Qpbpiqpičei

fkgpl~iq :>>7& @zŴbsdi {bsl` {b qpbpiqpiew Zg~wjfieg Hzsbpqeg& hpp~;,,`{qhz

I{ ~zgphl`dg pbjgfg qg mlŴg si`kgpi `b jzlk ~zl`bsdiab db2>$>>> qpbdlsdieb w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi {blqpbkg {b lqpbfim

~l`zwčkgm Gszl~g& bfi dg w sgfielk mkgzi ebl lqpbfi idìebplziJzlk {b~lqfgdih ~l ~zl`bsdiai w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi w

:>>1 olìdi i{dlqi :&1 zb`dieb MgĒwpim& bel qg iqefkwčg qbml-p f p če ` k ` e ` f ` k ih ` ď j k



qpbfdg pzolsbčeg zb`dkg& ld`b el` mbfl~zl`bkdih ~zg`w{gďb jzlk

{b~lqfgdih ~l ~zl`bsdiai i{dlqi 1&0 zb`dieb Jzlk {b~lqfgdih ~l ~zl`bsdiai kg {dbpdl mbdki w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi dgol w Gszl~-qelk wdiki i w db~zg`dim pzbd{iaikqeim {gmfkbmb Pl kg zg{wfpbpmbdkg ~zlqkgčdg sgfičidg ~zl`bsdiab l` dkihlsg sgfičidg wzb{sikgdim {gmfkbmb

Elm~bzbaikb mbfl~zl`bkdlo ~zlmgpb ~l kg`dlk ~zl`b-sdiai i ~l ofbsi qpbdlsdieb mlŴg qg si`kgpi i{ qfkg`gďg pbjgfg;

Pbjgfb jz 7; Elm~bzbpisdb bdbfi{b ~zlmgpb w pzolsidi dbmbfl& ~l ~zl`bsdiai i ~l qpbdlsdiew(jg{ pzolsidg mlplzdim sl{ifimb)

Db~lmgdb; - W ~l`baimb diqw ljwhsbďgdg qbmlqpbfdg pzolsidqeg zb`dkg- Jzlk ~ziqwpdih qpbdlsdieb w JiH- + W ~l`bpeg wefkwčgdb pzolsidb db mbfl mlplzdim sl{ifimb i olzislm

I{slzi; Zgpbifido id phg Agdpzbf Gwzl~gbd Alwdpzigq 2993& Gwzl~gbdAlmmwdipigq& 299?& ~bogq 2> i 275 Qhbzg lc Mlplz& _hlfgqbfg bd` Zgpbif Pzb`gqid Plpbf @iqpzijwpisg Pzb`gq& Gwzlqpbp& :>>3 hpp~;,,g~~gwzlqpbpagagwidp,~lzpbf,

~bog<\~bogi`=2993&1920>987#\`b =~lzpbf#\qahgmb=^LZPBF#qazggd5Qpbpiqpi

čei olìŢdkbe CJiH :>>1 i :>>7 hpp~;,,c{qjb5 Mkgqgčdi qpbpiqpičei ~zgofg`1,:>>:& qpz 00& Z[Q ZQ5 Qbl~Ţpgdkg Z[Q ZQ jz >2& l` 22 1 :>>15 @l~iq Z[Q ZQ jzlk22>?-2,:>>1& 23 7 :>>15 Esbzpbfdi qpbpiqpičei ~zgofg`& jz 2& :& 1 i 0,:>>1 i 0,:>>7& Z[QZQ& Jifpgd qpbpiqpieg wdwpzbŢdkg pzolsidg& Z[[Q ZQ& hpp~;,,z{qzqjb5 Qpbpiqpičdifgpl~iq :>>7& Qpbpiqpičdi wzb` Zg~wjfieg Qflsgdikg& hpp~;,,qpbpqi5 Qpbpiqpičeifkgpl~iq :>>7& @zŴbsdi {bsl` {b qpbpiqpiew Zg~wjfieg Hzsbpqeg& hpp~;,,`{qhz

2:8 ^ZGOFG@



I{ ~zgphl`dg qfieg mlŴg qg si`kgpi `b kg ~zlmgp ~l {b~l-qfgdlm w akgflew~dlk iqpzijwpisdlk pzolsidi w Jlqdi i Hgzag-olsidi w :>>1 olìdi (~zl`wepisdlqp zb`b w pzolsidi) diŴi {b1&1 ~wpb dgol w Gszl~qelk wdiki W :>>7 olìdi lfb{i l {dbpdlo

~lzbqpb ~zl`wepisdlqpi w ìqpzijwpisdlk pzolsidi Jlqdg i Hgzag-olsidg& db disl mbdki {b qbml `sb ~wpb w l`dlqw db GW w :>>1olìdi

^zlmgp ~l {b~lqfgdlm w pzolsidi db sgfiel kg {b 0&1 ~wpbmbdki w :>>1 olìdi w l`dlqw db GW& b q pzolsidlm mlplzdimsl{ifimb {b :&? ~wpb mbdki w :>>7 w l`dlqw db GW w :>>1 olìdi

^zlmgp ~l {b~lqfgdlm w pzolsidi db mbfl w Jlqdi i Hgzag-



^zlmgp ~l {b~lqfgdlm w pzolsidi db mbfl w Jlqdi i Hgzag

olsidi kg w :>>1 olìdi mbdki {b :&? ~wpb dgol w GW& b q pzol-sidlm mlplzdim sl{ifimb {b 2&7 ~wpb mbdki w :>>7 w l`dlqwdb GW w :>>1 olìdi

^zlmgp ~l {b~lqfgdlm w pzolsidi mlplzdim sl{ifimb imlplzdim olzislm w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi kg mbdki {b :&? ~wpbw l`dlqw db Gszl~qew wdikw

Pbjgfb jz 3; Elm~bzbpisdb bdbfi{b ~zlmgpb

~l ~zg`w{gďw& w GWZ

+ ^l`bpbe db jb{i ~zlakgdg jzlkb ~zg`w{gďb w ZQ i qpsbzdlo jzlkb w CJiHI{slz; Iqpl

^zlmgp ~l kg`dlm pzolsbčelm ~zg`w{gďw akgflew~dgìqpzijwpisdg pzolsidg w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi kg `bfgel iq~l`gszl~qelo ~zlqkgeb i ld kg w :>>1 olìdi {b 7&1 ~wpb mbdki l`

~zlqkgeb Gszl~qeg wdikg& b w :>>7 olìdi kg {b 1 ~wpb mbdki l` ~zlqkgeb GW w :>>1 olìdi Pl olslzi `b qw pzolsbčeb ~zg w{gďbw Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi `lqpb mbdkb l` pzolsbčeih ~zg`w{gďb wGszl~qelk wdiki

21> ^ZGOFG@

^zlmgp ~l sgfg~zl`bkdlm ~zg`w{gďw w JiH kg {b 2>&3 ~wpb mbdki l` ~zlqkgeb {gmbfkb GW

^zlmgp ~l mbfl~zl`bkdlm ~zg`w{gďw w JiH kg {b 1&: ~wpb mbdki l` ~zlqkgeb {gmbfkb GW

^zlmgp ~l ~zg`w{gďw pzolsidg mlplzdim sl{ifimb i mlplz-dim olzislm w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi kg 0&0 ~wpb mbdki l` ~zlqkgeb{gmbfkb Gszl~qeg wdikg

Bdbfi{izbdi ~l`bai w~wďwkw db {befkwčbe b pzolsidb db sgfielw Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi bfgel siŢg {blqpbkg {b {gmfkbmb Gszl~qegwdikg dgol pzolsidb db mbfl i pzolsidb mlplzdim sl{ifimb

WčgŢďg pzolsidg w wew~dlk {b~lqfgdlqpi Jlqdg i Hgzag-



o ~ k ~

olsidg i{dlqifl kg w :>>7 olìdi 27&0?' (w CJiH 21&?'& w ZQ28&11')& `le kg wčgŢďg pzolsidg w {b~lqfgdlqpi Gszl~qeg wdikgw 299? olìdi i{dlqifl 23'& w QB@-w 29' i w Kb~bdw 28'

Pbjgfb jz ?; Jzlk {b~lqfgdih ~l kg`dlmpzolsbčelm ~zg`w{gďw

I{slz; Iqpl

Jzlk {b~lqfgdih ~l kg`dlm pzolsbčelm ~zg`w{gďw w Jlqdii Hgzagolsidi w :>>1 olìdi kg {dbpdl mbdki w l`dlqw db {gmfkgGszl~qeg wdikg& lqim pzolsidg db mbfl& o`kg kg jzlk {b~lqfgdih ~l

~zg`w{gďw ~zijfiŴbd GW Mbdki jzlk {b~lqfgdih ~l ~zg`w{gďw&{bkg`dl q mbdkim ~zlmgplm ~l ~zg`w{gďw& ~leb{wkg `b qw pzol-sbčeb ~zg`w{gďb w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi `bfgel mbdkb i qipdikbdgol pzolsbčeb ~zg`w{gďb w Gszl~qelk wdiki

212^ZGOFG@

1$ Dbfb{i i zg{wfpbpi iqpzbŴisbdkb

1$2$ ^zljfgmi i ozgŢeg w `lqb`bŢdklk ~lfipiai pzbd{iaikg

- Pzbd{iaikb pzolsidg l`sikbfb qg w dgzgowfizbdlk mbezl-geldlmqelk lelfidi& elkb kg l~zidikgfb zb{slkw dg`l{slfkgdgpzolsidg i Ţsgzab& čimg kg wq~lzgdb pzbd{iaikb i zb{slkfgobfdg pzolsidg5

- SlĒgdkg ~lfipieg pzbd{iaikg db gdpipgpqeim& b dg db zŴbsdlmdislw& Ţpl kg lsgfl l i{lqpbdeb ~l{ipisdg wflog zŴbsdgsfb`g w pzbd{iaiki i `l zb{fičipih zg{wfpbpb pzbd{iaikg dbkgìdqpsgdlm `zŴbsdlm ~zlqplzw5



kgìdqpsgdlm `zŴbsdlm ~zlqplzw5

- Dgb`gesbpdb ~lfipieb ~zisbpi{baikg pzolsidg& elkb kg lml-owďifb ~zl`bkw zŴbsdlo eb~ipbfb w ~zg`w{gďimb wofbsdlm{b agzpiciebpg& wmkgqpl {b dlsba& čimg kg ~zl~wŢpgdb Ţbdqb{b lqiowzbdkg qzg`qpbsb elkb qw mlofb jipi wqmkgzgdb w ~lq~-

kgŢgdkg pzbd{iaikg i ml`gzdi{baikw ~lqplkgďg pzolsidg5- Sglmb q~lzb ~zisbpi{baikb& elkb kg w wskgpimb dgflkbfdg

eldewzgdaikg `l~zidikgfb klŢ sgďim owjiaimb i sgďgm

~zl~b`bdkw& wmkgqpl jfbolszgmgdlm zgqpzwepwzizbdkw`zŴbsdih ~zg`w{gďb5- Dg`lqpbpbe qlaikbfdih ~zlozbmb {jzidkbsbdkb zb`dieb elki

qw lqpbkbfi jg{ ~lqfb5- Sglmb q~lzb qpbjifi{baikb mbezlgeldlmqelo bmjikgdpb w

Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi& ~lslfkdlo {b wfb{be idl{gmdihelm~bdikb i idpgzdbaildbfi{baikw pzolsidg& Ţpl kg zg{wfpizbfldg{dbpdim ~zifislm qpzbdlo eb~ipbfb

1$:$ @lqb`bŢdki zg{wfpbpi pzbd{iaikg

- Qelzl w aikgflqpi kg i{szŢgdb sfbqdičeb pzbdqclzmbaikb& pbel`b kg ~zisbpdi qgeplz pzolsidg ~lqpbl `lmidbdpbd MgĒw-pim& i ~zisbpdi qgeplz pzolsidg kg lqpb wqipdkgd& jg{ {dbčbk-dikih ljfieb mgĒwqljdlo ~lsg{isbdkb5

- ^zlmkgdb pzgd`b gdlzmdlo zbqpb jzlkb pzolsbčeih ~zg`w{gďb

w pzgd` dkihlslo qmbdkgdkb i qpbjifi{baikg db zgbfbd jzlk&ezl{ eldewzgdaikw i pzŴiŢdw qgfgeaikw5

- Dlzmbfi{baikb wčgŢďb jzlkb pzolsbčeih w wew~dlm jzlkw ~ziszg`dih ~zg`w{gďb5

21: ^ZGOFG@





- ^zlqkgčbd ~zlmgp ~l ~zg`w{gďw pzolsidg mlplzdim sl{i-fimb w JiH w :>>1 olìdi i{dlqil kg 178:8> gwzb& ifi ::&7'l` ~zlqkgčdlo ~zlmgpb ~l iqplm ~zg`w{gďw {gmbfkb GW

- ^zlqkgčbd ~zlmgp ~l {b~lqfgdlm zb`diew (~zl`wepisdlqp

zb`b w pzolsidi) w JiH w :>>1 olìdi i{dlqil kg ???:>gwzb& Ţpl ~zg`qpbsfkb 1>&:' l` siqidg ~zlqkgčdlo ~zlmgpb

~l {b~lqfgdlm w Gszl~qelk wdiki& l`dlqdl ~zlqkgčbd ~zlmgp ~l {b~lqfgdlm diŴi kg {b lel 1&1 ~wpb dgol w GWW :>>7 olìdi `lfb{i `l {dbpdlo ~lzbqpb ~zl`wepisdlqpiw ìqpzijwpisdlk pzolsidi JiH (2:3397 gwzb) db disl mbdki{b qbml `sb ~wpb w l`dlqw db GW w :>>1 olìdi



- ^zlqkgčbd ~zlmgp ~l {b~lqfgdlm w pzolsidi db sgfiel wJiH w :>>1 olìdi i{dlqil kg 2>3?8? gwzb& ifi :1&0' lìqplo ~zlqkgeb w GW

- ^zlqkgčbd ~zlmgp ~l {b~lqfgdlm w pzolsidi db mbfl w JiHw :>>1 olìdi i{dlqil kg 0970> gwzb& ifi 1?' l` iqplo

~zlqkgeb w GW- ^zlqkgčbd ~zlmgp ~l {b~lqfgdlm w pzolsidi mlplzdim

sl{ifimb w JiH w :>>1 ol idi i{dlqil kg 2:2892 gwzl&ifi 1?&3' l` iqplo ~zlqkgeb w GW- ^zlqkgčbd mbfl~zl`bkdi ~zlmgp ~l kg`dlk ~zl`bsdiai w

JiH w :>>1 olìdi i{dlqil kg 2332?: gwzb& Ţpl ~zg`qpb-sfkb 10&7' w l`dlqw db {gmfkg GW W :>>7 olìdi mbfl-

~zl`bkdi ~zlmgp ~l ~zl`bsdiai kg ~lsgďbd db 10:90:gwzb& ifi db disl l` ?2' l` ~zlqkgeb GW w :>>1 olìdi

1$3$ Qpzwepwzb jzlkb {b~lqfgdih~l ~zg`w{gďw i ~l ~zl`bsdiai

- ^zlqkgčbd jzlk zb`dieb ~l ~zg`w{gďw w Jlqdi i Hgzag-olsidi w :>>1 olìdi i{dlqi 1&1 w wew~dlk ìqpzijwpisdlkpzolsidi& :&1 w pzolsidi db sgfiel& 0&7 w pzolsidi db mbfli :&8 w pzolsidi mlplzdim sl{ifimb i mlplzdim olzislm^zlqkgčbd jzlk zb`dieb ~l ~zg`w{gďw w Gszl~qelk wdikii{dlqil kg 7&1 w wew~dlk ìqpzijwpisdlk pzolsidi& 7&? wpzolsidi db sgfiel& 7&1 w pzolsidi db mbfl i 0&9 zb`dieb wpzolsidi mlplzdim sl{ifimb i olzislm

217^ZGOFG@

- ^zlqkgčbd jzlk zb`dieb ~l ~zl`bsdiai w Jlqdi i Hgzag-olsidi w :>>1 olìdi i{dlqi el` ~zg`w{gďb (jg{ QPZ)1&0 zb`dieb& b qb qbmlqpbfdim pzolsbčeim zb`dkbmb :&1zb`dieb& w l`dlqw db 1&3 zb`dieb w Gszl~qelk wdiki

+ + +

- I{ lqdlsdih dbfb{b i zg{wfpbpb iqpzbŴisbdkb mlow qg i{swďiqfkg`gďi lqdlsdi {befkwčai;

- ^lqplkgďb zgfbpisdb qpzwepwzb pzolsidg w wew~dlk ~ziszgìJlqdg i Hgzagolsidg ~leb{wkg qfičdlqp qb qpzwepwzlm wGszl~qelk wdiki MgĒwpim b~qlfwpdg sgfičidg ~leb{wkw



Gszl~qelk wdiki MgĒwpim& b~qlfwpdg sgfičidg ~leb{wkwi{zb{ipw {blqpbflqp ebel pzolsidg pbel i akgflew~dg ~zis-zg`g W `gcidizbdkw jw`wďgo zb{slkb pzolsidg w Jlqdi iHgzagolsidi ~lpzgjdl kg {b`zŴbpi ~lqplkgďg zgfbpisdl wčgŢďgpzolsidg w wew~dlk ~ziszgì& bfi kg ~lpzgjdl ~fbdizbpi b~ql-fwpdi ~lzbqp idìebplzb elki ~leb{wkw disl zb{slkb pzolsidg

Dbzbsdl& ~zg`wskgp {b zbqp idìebplzb l qpbdkw pzolsidg kgqpzbqp mbezlgeldlmqeih idìebplzb w akgflew~dlk ~ziszgì

- Qgeplzqeb qpzwepwzb ìqpzijwpisdg pzolsidg Jlqdg iHgzagolsidg ~zijfiŴifb qg qgeplzqelk qpzwepwzi ìqpzijwpisdgpzolsidg Gszl~qeg wdikg w ~lofg`w wčgŢďb {b~lqfgdih i

~zlmgpb ~l `kgfbpdlqpimb MgĒwpim& qgeplzqeb qpzwepwzb jzlkb ~zg`w{gďb wdwpbz jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčeg pzolsidg ~leb{wkg `zbqpičbd zbqelzbe w l`dlqw db Gszl~qew wdikw& ~lqgjdl w sgfielm wčgŢďw jzlkb ~zg`w{gďb pzolsidg dbsgfiel W jw`wďgm zb{slkw pzolsidg pzgjb lčgeisbpi eldagd-pzbaikw i lezw~dkbsbdkg pzolsbčeih ~zg`w{gďb& ~lqgjdl wpzolsidi db sgfiel Pimg ďg qg sgfiei jzlk mbfih {bmikgdipimbdkim jzlkgm sgďih i qdbŴdikih ~zg`w{gďb& Ţpl ďg `lsgqpii `l l~pimbfdg qgeplzqeg qpzwepwzg

- Owqplďb pzolsbčeg mzgŴg `bfgel kg diŴb w Jlqdi i Hgzag-olsidi dgol w Gszl~qelk wdiki& ebel w ~lofg`w jzlkb ~zg`w-{gďb pbel i w ~lofg`w jzlkb ~zl`bsdiab db 2>>>> qpbdl-

sdieb lzg` diqeg owqplďg& ~lqplkgďb pzolsbčeb mzgŴb kgi wqipdkgdb Lsbesb pzolsbčeb mzgŴb kg zg{wfpbp wew~dg

~ziszg`dg {blqpbflqpi w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi W cb{i sgďgo ~ziszg`dlo zb{slkb pzgjb lčgeisbpi bfkdki zb{slk pzolsbčeg

213 ^ZGOFG@



Db ezbkw& w~zelq qsim ~zljfgmimb i qfbjlqpimb& mlŴgmleldqpbpizbpi b kg ~zsb cb{b pzbd{iaikg pzolsidg {bszŢgdb I{szŢgdb

kg sfbqdičeb pzbdqclzmbaikb& zgfbpisdb qpbjifi{baikb jzlkb i qpzwe-pwzg pzolsbčeih ~zg`w{gďb& ebl i dkihlslo wčgŢďb w wew~dlk ~ziszgì

Pzbd{iaikb pzolsidg w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi wfb{i w `zwowcb{w& w elklk qg lčgewkg idpgd{isdiki zbqp b~qlfwpdih idìebplzb&dkgdb sgďb idpgzdbaildbfi{baikb& ml`gzdi{baikb i eldagdpzbaikbJz{idb lsih ~zlmkgdb {bsiqip ďg ~zsgdqpsgdl l` ~zbsifdlo wqpzlk-qpsb i slĒgdkb `zŴbsdg ~lfipieg i dkgdih zgclzmi w ~zbsaw ~zijfi-Ŵbsbdkb gszl~qeim qpbd`bzìmb i gszl~qeim idpgozbaikbmb



0$ ^zbsai `bfkdkg pzbd{iaikg pzolsidgw Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi

0$2$ DwŴdg ~zlmkgdg i zgowfbaikb mbzegpido lelfidg

Jw`wďdlqp mbezllelfidg w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi ~zg`qpbsfkb jw`wďi zb{slk qipwbaikg w ~lfipičelk& geldlmqelk& `gmlozbcqelki pghdlflŢelk lelfidi

Qb`bŢdkg qpbdkg w ~lfipičelk lelfidi ebzbepgzi{izb ~lqplkbdkg`sbkw gdpipgpb; Cg`gzbaikg JiH i Zg~wjfieg Qz~qeg& elki db qslkimdislimb `ldlqg {beldg i ~lqpbsfkbkw gdpipgpqeg sfb`g Dbk{db-čbkdiki `zŴbsdi lzobdi {b zgowfbaikw fgobfdg pzolsidg& ebl Ţpl qwAbzidqeb w~zbsb& ^lzg{db w~zbsb& Cidbdqikqeb ~lfiaikb i PzŴiŢdbidq~geaikb& jifi qw lzobdi{izbdi db gdpipgpqeim wmkgqpl db `zŴbsdlmdislw [beldi elki zgowfizbkw zb` lsih idqpipwaikb jifi qw pbelĒgz

gdpipgpqeiL` 22:>>3 olìdg db dislw Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg cwdeaildizbW~zbsb {b idìzgepdl l~lzg{isbdkg& q kgìdqpsgdlm eldpzlflm

~lzg{dih i abzidqeih ljbsg{b& Ţpl kg dbk{dbčbkdiki elzbe w zgowfbaiki jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčelo pzŴiŢpb

Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb pzgjb dbqpbsipi ~wpgm ~lfipičel-~zbsdgpzbdqclzmbaikg& elkb ďg zg{wfpizbpi jlfklm zgowfbaiklm pzŴiŢpb ezl{;

- @ldlŢgdkg {beldb elki zgowfizbkw eldpzlfw pzŴiŢpb i zljdl-dlsčbdih plelsb db dislw `zŴbsg Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg5

- I{ozb`dkw i kbčbdkg wflog `zŴbsdih lzobdb elki eldpzlfizbkwpzŴiŢpg i zljdl-dlsčbdg plelsg db dislw Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg5

218 ^ZGOFG@





^lqgjbd {b`bpbe jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčeg sfb`g kgqpwqbofbŢbsbdkg qsih ~lfipičel-~zbsdih i geldlmqeih ~ipbdkb qgszl~qeim qpbd bzìmb& ebel ji qg mlofl zbčwdbpi db wfb{be wgszl~qeg idpgozbaikg i ~lqpbpi qbqpbsdim ~lfipičel-geldlmqeim

cbeplzlm Gszl~g Pge pb`b mlŴgml zbčwdbpi db l{jifkdikgidpgzgqizbdkg qpzbdih idsgqpiplzb {b jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčew~ziszg`w& b pimg i db idpgd{isdiki ~ziszg`di zb{slk$

0$:$ @gcidizbdkg pzolsbčeg ~lfipiegw Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi

W lesizw wew~dih zgclzmqeih ~zbsbab i `gcidizbdkb pzolsbčeg



202^ZGOFG@

~lfipieg& Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb kg {b~lčgfb i dbqpbsifb zb{sikbpiml`gf ~lfipieg idpgd{isdg ml`gzdi{baikg i qpzwepwzdg pzbdqclz-mbaikg pzolsidg& w{ ~gzmbdgdpdl ~l`qpiabdkg eldewzgdaikg ebllqdlsdlo ~lezgpbčb zb{slkb pzolsidg

Efkwčdb l`fweb zgclzmqelo ebzbepgzb pzolsidqeg ~lfipiegl`dlqi qg db l~zg`kgfkgdkg {b ~lfipiew fijgzbfi{baikg pzolsidg ipzŴiŢpb $ Pzolsidqeb ~lfipieb pzgjb jipi wqmkgzgdb w ~zbsaw qpsbzbdkbwskgpb {b zbsdl~zbsdw eldewzgdaikw i dgqmgpbdl cwdeaildizbdkg

pzŴiŢpb[beldqei ~zl~iqi elki zgowfizbkw geldlmqeg l`dlqg Jlqdg i

Hgzagolsidg q idl{gmqpslm elm~bpijifdi qw q ~zl~iqimb gszl~qeih{gmbfkb Pzolsidb kg fijgzbfi{izbdb Wsl{ i i{sl{ kg w ~zbsifw qfl-

jl bd& b i{dimdl qg mlow ~zimikgdipi esbdpipbpisdb lozbdičgdkb el`{bŢpipg `lmbďgo pzŴiŢpb ifi mkgzb {bŢpipg fkwì& Ŵislpidkb i lezwŴgdkb2>

^lfipieb idpgd{isdg ml`gzdi{baikg i ~l`qpiabdkb eldewzgdaikg

`l~zidikgp ďg w iqpl szikgmg i wjz{bdlk qpzwepwzdlk pzbdqclzmbaikipzolsidg$ Dbeld ~zisbpi{baikg `zŴbsdg imlsidg w pzolsidi& sfbqdičeb

qpzwepwzb qg w ~lp~wdlqpi i{mikgdifb Lqpsbzgdi zg{wfpbpi w pzbd{iaiki`lsgfi qw `l iq~lfkbsbdkb ~zsih pzbolsb `kgflsbdkb pzŴiŢdlo mghb-di{mb& ezl{ zb{slk ~zisbpdg qslkidg i eldewzgdaikg w pzolsidiMgĒwpim& pzolsidqeb ~lfipieb mlzb lqiowzbpi mghbdi{mg {bqw{jikbdkg klŢ wsikge ~ziqwpdg dgfgobfdg pzolsidg i dgflkbfdg

eldewzgdaikg

2> Sbdkqelpzolsidqeb elmlzb JiH; ‖Sbdkqeb pzolsidb”& hpp~;,,elm-lzbjihalm,~ziszg`bjih,~zis-jihsbdkqpzohpmf



0$1$ Zgqpzwepwzizbdkg w~zbsfkbdkbi zb{slk mbzegpido eldag~aikg

Pzbd{iaikb pzolsidg lsgfb kg l pzbdqclzmbaikg zbdikih qlaikb-fiqpičeih pzolsbčeih ~zg`w{gďb q `zŴbsdlm qslkidlm w ~zisbpdb

~zg`w{gďb& {bqdlsbdb db ìldičelm ifi ~lkg idbčdlm sfbqdiŢpswLdl Ţpl ~zg`qplki w dbzg`dlm ~gzil`w kgqp cidbdqikqeb eldqlfi-

`baikb& zgqpzwepwzizbdkg w~zbsfkbdkb i zb{slk mbzegpido eldag~aikgw pim ~zg`w{gďimb

W~lzg`l q sfbqdičelm pzbdqclzmbaiklm jisŢih `zŴbsdih ~zg-`w{gďb `lŢfl kg `l geq~fl{isdlo zb{slkb dlsldbqpbfih ~zisbpdihpzolsbčeih ~zg`w{gďb MgĒwpim& i dlsldbqpbfb ~zisbpdb pzolsb-

če ` ď j k i fiči i f č k



čeb ~zg`w{gďb ~l qslmg jzlkw i sgfičidi ~zlmgpb w mdlol qfwčbkgsbqw mbfb pzolsbčeb ~zg`w{gďb& {bqdlsbdb db dgi{ozbĒgdlk qpzbpgoikiw~zbsfkbdkb i dgi{ozbĒgdlm mbzegpido ~ziqpw~w w ~lqflsbdkw

[jlo plob& ljb`sikg szqpg pzolsbčeih ~zg`w{gďb& i ~zisbpi{izbdbi dlsldbqpbfb& mlzbkw zbìpi db zb{slkw qpzbpgoikg w~zbsfkbdkb izb{slkw mbzegpido qiqpgmb ebel ji qg lq~lqljifi `b lòlslzg{bhpkgsimb elki qg mlow lčgeisbpi w ~zlagqw ~lfipičeg i ~ziszg`dgqpbjifdlqpi {gmfkg W jw`wďgm zb{slkw pzolsbčeih ~zg`w{gďb

~lqgjdl pzgjb idqiqpizbpi db dkihlslk pzŴiŢdlk lzikgdpbaikiZgqpzwepwzizbdkg w~zbsfkbdkb w pzolsbčeim cizmbmb w

Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi ~l`zb{wmikgsb gslfwaikw l` efbqičdgew~l~zl`bkdg lzikgdpbaikg ~zgmb qbszgmgdlk mbzegpidoeldag~aiki$ Qb`bŢdkg qpbdkg w~zbsfkbdkb w pzolsidi mlŴg qglebzbepgzi{izbpi ebl cb{b gslfwaikg l` ew~l~zl`bkdg lzikgdpbaikgpzolsidqelo ~zg`w{gďb& elkg kg clewqizbfl ~ipbdkg lqiowzbsbdkb

b`gesbpdlo bqlzpimbdb& db lòlsbzbkwďgm mkgqpw& w lòlsbzbkwďgszikgmg i ~l ~zihsbpfkisim aikgdbmb& ezl{ ~bzaikbfdg bepisdlqpi&~zgmb qbszgmgdlk mbzegpido eldag~aiki& q idpgozbfdim ~zi-qpw~lm qsim bepisdlqpimb$

Wq~kgŢdl cwdeaildizbdkg pzolsidqeih ~zg`w{gďb w qbszgmgdimwskgpimb ~ziszgĒisbdkb {bhpikgsb idpgozbfbd ~ziqpw~ qsim bepisdl-qpimb pzolsidqelo ~zg`w{gďb& w{ ~wdw ~lpzlŢbčew lzikgdpbaikw

[b pzŴiŢdi ebzbepgz mbfl~zl`bkg dgl~hl`bd kg ~zgfb{be dbeldag~p mbzegpido lzikgdpbaikg& b pl {dbči `b ďg qg ~ldw`b zljbi wqfwob& ebl i qbmi ljfiai ~zl`bkg jb{izbpi ~zsgdqpsgdl db ~lpzg-

jbmb i Ŵgfkbmb ~lpzlŢbčb Pbebs ~ziqpw~ ljg{jikgìp ďg ~zgdl-

201^ZGOFG@



i qipdb pzolsbčeb mzgŴb db sgfiel w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi dg mlŴggciebqdl `kgflsbpi db wjz{bdkg zljdih plelsb i zbaildbfi{baikw

~zlmgpdih pzlŢelsb& kgz i{lqpbkw gcgepi geldlmikg ljimbJw`wďi zb{slk pzolsidg db sgfiel w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi

pzgjb jipi ~l~zbďgd zb{slkgm i lqpbfih ~ziszg`dih `kgfbpdlqpi& ~lqgjdl ~zli{sl`dkg i pzolsidg db mbfl Jzlk ~zg`w{gďb pzolsidgdb sgfiel pzgjb qmbdkipi qslkg zgfbpisdl wčgŢďg w wew~dlk pzolsididb lel 1>'& ebl w Gszl~qelk wdiki Lsl qmbdkgdkg pzgjb jipizg{wfpbp pzŴiŢdg qgfgeaikg db lqdlsw zb{slkb ezw~dikih i qdbŴdikihpzolsbčeih ~zg`w{gďb db sgfiel

Db lqdlsw bdbfi{g zb{slkb pzolsidg db sgfiel w zb{sikgdimgszl~qeim i db~zg`dim pzbd{iaikqeim {gmfkbmb& elkw qml ljzb-{flŴifi w ~lqgjdlm ~lofbsfkw mlŴgml ~zlaikgdipi `sb lqdlsdb



{flŴifi w ~lqgjdlm ~lofbsfkw& mlŴgml ~zlaikgdipi `sb lqdlsdb~zbsab jw`wďgo zb{slkb pzolsidg db sgfiel w Jlqdi i Hgzag-olsidi ezl{;

- Eldagdpzbaikw& i- Q~gaikbfi{baikw

Eldagdpzbaikb pzolsidg db sgfiel w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi

lčgewkg qg ezl{ ~zlagqg dkgdlo q~bkbdkb i ~lsg{isbdkb w mbdki jzlk sgďih elm~bdikb& q ezw~dikim i ml`gzdikim sgfg~zl`bkdimeb~baipgpimb& elkg ďg lqpsbzisbpi `bfgel sgďi ljim ~zlmgpb ~l

~zg w{gďw PbelĒgz qg lčgewkg zbqp ~zl`wepisdlqpi pzolsidg dbsgfiel& i{zbŴgdg ezl{ sgďi ljim ~zlmgpb ~l {b~lqfgdlm zb`diew

Wfb{be sgďih idl{gmdih sgfgpzolsbab w Jlqdw i Hgzagolsidw ~zimlzbp ďg `lmbďg sgfgpzolsag db idpgozbaikg i lezw~dkbsbdkg&ebl dgmidlsdlqp {b l~qpbdbe db pzŴiŢpw Mdlob pzolsidqeb ~zg`w-{gďb db sgfiel elkb diqw lzobdi{baikqei& pghdičei i eb`zlsqeilq~lqljfkgdb b ljbsfkbkw ~zlmgp db sgfiel w qefb`w qb {bhpkgsimbw qbszgmgdim wskgpimb pzgjbkw ~lqpg~gdl qifb{ipi q pzŴiŢdg qagdg

[b ~l`qpiabdkg zbaildbfi{baikg zljdih plelsb dgl~hl`db kgzgowfbaikb pzŴiŢpb i zb{slk lòlsbzbkwďih wskgpb ~ziszgĒisbdkb& elki

ji qdbolm geldlmqeg floieg `lsgfi `l i{zbŴbkb wq~kgŢdg dlqilagpzolsidg db sgfiel Zbaildbfi{baikb pzolsidg db sgfiel w Jlqdi i

Hgzagolsidi mlŴg qg lqpsbzipi ezl{ zb{slk kbčih pzolsbčeih ~zg-`w{gďb db sgfiel& elkb ďg zbq~lfbobpi zb{sikgdlm mbpgzikbfdl-pghdičelm lqdlslm i pzbdq~lzpdim qzg`qpsimb& sgfieim ljzpdimqzg`qpsimb& qpzwčdim eb`zlsimb i qb qpzbpgoikqeim ~ziqpw~lm

207^ZGOFG@



Ldl Ţpl qg mlŴg ~zsl wzbìpi w ~zbsaw qbszgmgdlo wljfi-čbsbdkb mbfl~zl`bkg w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi kgqp ml`gzdi{baikb~lqplkgďih ljkgebpb i bqlzpimbdqeb q~gaikbfi{baikb$

@bfkdki zb{slk mbfl~zl`bkg w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi pzgjb `b

qg l`sikb w qefb`w q zb{slkgm ~zli{sl`dkg i ~lpzlŢdkg Dkgd`bfkdki zb{slk ďg qg l`sikbpi w qsg qflŴgdikim wskgpimb `zwŢpsgdl-geldlmqelo lezwŴgdkb& w elkimb ďg qg dkgdb wflob w qdbjìkg-sbdkw ~lsgďbsbpi

Db lqdlsw bdbfi{g zb{slkb mbfl~zl`bkg w qbszgmgdimgszl~qeim i db~zg`dikim pzbd{iaikqeim {gmfkbmb& elkw qml si`kgfiw ~lofbsfkw elm~bzbpisdg bdbfi{g qskgpqeg pzolsidg& mlŴgml

~zlaikgdipi qfkg`gďg lqdlsdg ~zbsag jw`wďgo zb{slkb mbfl-~zl`bkg w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi;



~zl`bkg w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi;- Qpzwepwzdb pzbdqclzmbaikb mbfl~zl`bkdih ljfieb5- Zb{slk q~gaikbfi{baikg5- Zb{slk sfbqpipg mbzeg5- Eldagdpzbaikb5- Idpgzdbaildbfi{baikbQpzwepwzdb pzbdqclzmbaikb mbfl~zl`bkdih ljfieb w Jlqdi

i Hgzagolsidi jip ďg i{zbŴgdb ezl{ pzgd` {dbčbkdikgo ~lsgďbdkbwčgŢďb sgďih mbfl~zl`bkdih ljfieb (hi~gzmbzegpb& qw~gzmbzegpb&ìqeldpb)& w{ iqplszgmgdl qmbdkgdkg jzlkb efbqičdih i mbdkihmbfl~zl`bkdih ljfieb

Iqewqpsb db~zg`dih pzbd{iaikqeih {gmbfkb ~leb{bfb qw `b qwsgďi mbfl~zl`bkdi clzmbpi {b qbml kg`dw `gagdikw `lqpiofiwčgŢďg i l 7>' (zb{sikgdg {gmfkg GW i l ?7') pzŴiŢdlo w`kgfbLsbesb idpgd{isdb ~zlmkgdb qpzwepwzg zg{wfpbp kg {dbčbkdikgoidsgqpizbdkb idl{gmdih elm~bdikb& elkg kg {b~bŴgdl dbeld2997 olìdg

Qpzwepwzdb pzbdqclzmbaikb mbfl~zl`bkdih ljfieb w Jlqdi iHgzagolsidi sgď kg gsi`gdpdb Zb{sikgd kg kg`bd jzlk `lmbďihpzolsidqeih (Ţl~ido) agdpbzb& hi~gzmbzegpb i qw~gzmbzegpb& eblŢpl qw fbdai SC Elmgza Qbzbkgsl& Ciq Sipg{& Qfbsikb - Abqh #Abzzy Agdpbz Jbdkbfweb ip`

^lzg` lmbďih& ~ziqwpdi qw i idl{gmdi pzolsidqei agdpzi& hi~gz-mbzegpi i qw~gzmbzegpi& ebl Ţpl qw czbdawqei Idpgzgx& q sgfieimljkgepimb w Qbzbkgsw i Pw{fi& qflsgdqei Mgzebplz w Qbzbkgsw i wPw{fi ip`

20?^ZGOFG@















ebl i lqpbfim zb{sikgdim `zŴbsbmb Q lj{izlm db di{be disl wew- ~dlo ~ziszg`dlo zb{slkb i pzolsidb Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg wsgfiel{blqpbkg {b qbszgmgdlm pzolsidlm

Bdbfi{b wčgŢďb pzolsidg w wew~dlk ~ziszg i Jlqdg i Hgzag-

olsidg ~leb{wkg `b kg ~lqpiodwpl l`zgĒgdl ~zijfiŴbsbdkg wčgŢďbpzolsidg Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg w wew~dlk ~ziszgì ~zgmb qpzwepwziwčgŢďb pzolsidg w wew~dlk ~ziszgì w Gszl~qelk wdiki

Qgeplzqeb qpzwepwzb ìqpzijwpisdg pzolsidg Jlqdg i Hgzag-olsidg w :>>1 olìdi ~zijfiŴifb qg qgeplzqelk qpzwepwzi Gszl~qegwdikg w ~lofg`w wčgŢďb {b~lqfgdih i ~zlmgpb ~l `kgfbpdlqpimbMgĒwpim& eb`b kg w ~ipbdkw qgeplzqeb qpzwepwzb jzlkb ~zg`w{gďb&pzolsidb Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg ~leb{wkg zbqpičbd zbqelzbe w l`dlqw

db Gszl~qew wdikwZgfbpisdb qgeplzqeb qpzwepwzb ~zlmgpb ìqpzijwpisdg



~pzolsidg w :>>1 olìdi qelzl w ~lp~wdlqpi qg ~zijfiŴifb qpzwepwzipzolsidg w Gszl~qelk wdiki MgĒwpim& b~qlfwpdg sgfičidg ~zlmgpb

~leb{wkw `zbqpičdl {blqpbkbdkg pzolsidg Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg {bpzolsidlm Gszl~qeg wdikg

Qgeplzqeb qpzwepwzb {b~lqfgdih w ìqpzijwpisdlk pzolsidi w

Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi w :>>1 olìdi pbelĒgz ~leb{wkg qfičdlqp qbqpzwepwzlm w GW& lqim pzolsidg mlplzdim sl{ifimbPzolsbčeb mzgŴb Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg {dbčbkdl {blqpbkg

{b Gszl~qelm wdiklm Jzlk pzolsbčeih ~zg w{gďbdb 2>>>> qpbdls-dieb pzlqpzwel kg diŴi w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi dgol w lqpbflm gszl~-qelm ~l`zwčkw& ebl zg{wfpbp {blqpbflo zb{slkb ebel akgflew~dg

~ziszg`g pbel i pzolsidg[b wq~kgŢbd dbqpbsbe pzbd{iaikg pzolsidg w Jlqdi i Hgzag-

olsidi dgl~hl`dl kg `b qg dbqpbsi ~lfipičel-~zbsdb pzbdqclzmbaikb&elkb ďg zg{wfpizbpi jlfklm zgowfbaiklm pzŴiŢpb lpzgjdl kg `b qg dbdislw `zŴbsg Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg `gcidizb kgìdqpsgdb pzolsbčeb

~lfipieb& ldgqg kgìdqpsgdb {beldl`bsdb zgowfbpisb i i{szŢi wqpzlk-qpsl kg idqpsgdih `zŴbsdih lzobdb& elki qw db fgŴdi {b idpgozbfdweldpzlfw zljdl-dlsčbdih plelsb db aikgflm ~l`zwčkw JiH

PbelĒgz kg dgl~hl`dl `b qg mkgzbmb mbezlgeldlmqeg

~lfipieg wpkgčg db jzŴi zb{slk ~zli{sl`dkg i wew~dih ~ziszg`dihbepisdlqpi& čimg ji qg ~lsgďbl jzwpl `lmbďi ~zli{sl` i ew~lsdbmlď qpbdlsdiŢpsb& ebl ~zg wskgpi {b qmbdkgdkg b~qlfwpdg {blqpbflqpi

jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčeg pzolsidg

277^ZGOFG@

Pzolsidb Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg pzgjb b dbqpbsi ~wpgm bfkdkgpzbd{iaikg ezl{;

- Zgqpzwepwzizbdkg w~zbsfkbdkb i zb{slk mbzegpido eldag~aikg&ezl{ i{ozb`dkw {bkg`dičeg ~lfipieg mbzegpidob q ~zli{slĒbčimb& db

~zidai~imb sgzpiebfdlo mbzegpidob& Ţpl ďg zg{wfpizbpi gciebqdikimwqefbĒisbdkgm ~zli{sl`dkg qb {bhpkgsimb ezbkdkih ~lpzlŢbčb5- Pzbd{iaikw l` efbqičdg ~zgmb zb{slkw qbszgmgdg pzolsidg&

elkb ďg qg lqpsbzipi ezl{ sgďw q~gaikbfi{baikw w bqlzpimbdqelk ~ldwì& idpgd{isdikw ml`gzdi{baikw i qpzwepwzdw pzbdqclzmbaikw5

- Lezw~dkbsbdkg i eldagdpzbaikw l`dlqdl zb{slk mbdkgo jzlkb sgďih pzolsbčeih qwjkgebpb5

- Zb{slk i ~lsgďbdkg wčgŢďb gfgepzldqeg pzolsidg5

- WslĒgdkg mgĒwdbzl`dih qpbd`bz`b w pzolsidw5- I{zbŴgdikw ofljbfi{baikw i idpgzdbaildbfi{baikw pzolsidg



Zb{slk gfgepzldqeg pzolsidg i wslĒgdkg mgĒwdbzl`dih qpbd-`bz`b w pzolsidw `l~zidikgp ďg jzŴlk idpgzdbaildbfi{baiki i ofljbfi-{baiki jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčeg pzolsidg

Fipgzbpwzb

2 Bogdaikb {b qpbpiqpiew Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg; Qpbpiqpičei jifpgd :,:>>>& 2,:>>1& 3,:>>1 2,:>>0 i 2,:>>7& Qbzbkgsl&hpp~;,,jhbqjb

: Bogdaikb MIJ `ll Qbzbkgsl; JH Mgìb mbzegp mldiplz &olìŢdkb ~wjfiebaikb& :>>1

1 Agdpzbfdb jbdeb Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg; Ewzqdb fiqpb&hpp~;,,ajjholsjb0 Agdpzbfdb jbdeb JiH& hpp~;,,ajjhjb,qpbpiqpieb,ofbsdi\geldlmqei

\idìebplzi,j`~\pbjgfbxfq>9>7:>>37 Agdpzbfdb jbdeb JiH; Qpbdkb wew~dih qpzbdih wfbobdkb w JiH&

2>7 :>>3 hpp~;,,ajjhjb,qpbpiqpieb,cì,qpbdkg\qpzbdih\wfbobdkb w:>>1\:>>0xfq

3 ăw{lsiď& `z Qzgpgd i z ^zg zbo Isbdlsiď; Idlsbaikg w

pzolsidqelm mgdb`Ŵmgdpw& DiŢ& :>>:? @dgsdi bsb{; ‖^zgfimidbzdi zg{wfpbpi w~iqb”& Qbzbkgsl& 1

b~zifb :>>2& qpz :?-18

273 ^ZGOFG@

8 @zŴbsdi {bsl` {b qpbpiqpiew Zg~wjfieg Hzsbpqeg; ‖Qpbpiqpičeifkgpl~iq :>>7” hpp~;,,`{qhz

9 Geldlmqei idqpipwp Qbzbkgsl; Qpzbpgoikb geldlmqelo zb{slkb Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg& mbezlgeldlmqei bq~gep&

cidbfdb sgz{ikb& Qbzbkgsl& 299?2> Gwzl~gbd Almmwdipigq; _hlfgqbfg Pzb`g id phg Gwzl~gbd Galdlmia Bzgb 299? & Gwzlqpbp& 2998

22 Gwzl~gbd Almmwdipigq; Zgpbifido id phg Agdpzbf Gwzl~gbdAlwdpzigq 2993 & Gwzlqpbp& 299?

2: Gwzl~gbd Almmwdipigq; @iqpzijwpisg Pzb`gq id Gwzl~g&Gwzlqpbp& :>>2

21 Gwzl~gbd Almmwdipigq; Qhbzg lc Mlplz& _hlfgqbfg bd`

Zgpbif Pzb`gq id Plpbf @iqpzijwpisg Pzb`gq id Pgzmq lc Pwzdlsgz & Gwzlqpbp& :>>3 hpp~;,,g~~gwzlqpbpagagwidp,~lzpbf



,~bog<\~bogi`=2993&1920>987#\`b`=~lzpbf#\qahgmb=^LZPBF#qazggd=`gpbifzggc#fbdowbog=gd#~zl`wap=Ygbzfigq\dg\id`wqpz y#zllp=Ygbzfigq\dg\id`wqpzy,@,@1,gba22713

20 Gwzl~gbd Almmwdipigq; Qhbzg lc Mlplz& _hlfgqbfg bd` Zgpbif Pzb`gq id Plpbf @iqpzijwpisg Pzb`gq id Pgzmq lc

Gm~flymgdp & Gwzlqpbp& :>>3 hpp~;,,g~~gwzlqpbpagagwidp, ~lzpbf,~bog<\~bogi`=2993&1920>987#\`b`=~lzpbf#\qahgmb=^LZPBF#qazggd=`gpbifzggc#fbdowbog=gd#~zl`wap=Ygbzfigq\dg\id`wqpzy#zllp=Ygbzfigq\dg\id`wqpzy,@,@1,gba2:>08

27 Cg`gzbfdb bogdaikb {b ~zisbpi{baikw; Fiqpb ~zisbpi{izbdih ~zg`w{gďb& Qbzbkgsl& :>>1

23 Cg`gzbfdi {bsl` {b qpbpiqpiew; Qpbpiqpičei olìŢdkbe 2991-2998$ olìdg& Qbzbkgsl& 2998

2? Cg`gzbfdi {bsl` {b qpbpiqpiew; Qpbpiqpičei olìŢdkbe Cg`g-zbaikg JiH 2999$& Qbzbkgsl& 2999

28 Cg`gzbfdi {bsl` {b qpbpiqpiew; Qpbpiqpičei olìŢdkbe Cg`g-zbaikg JiH :>>>$& Qbzbkgsl& :>>>

29 Cg`gzbfdi {bsl` {b qpbpiqpiew; Qpbpiqpičei olìŢdkbe Cg`g-zbaikg JiH :>>2$& Qbzbkgsl& :>>2

:> Cg`gzbfdi {bsl` {b qpbpiqpiew; Qpbpiqpičei olìŢdkbe Cg`g-

zbaikg JiH :>>:$& Qbzbkgsl& :>>: hpp~;,,c{qjb:2 Cg`gzbfdi {bsl` {b qpbpiqpiew; Qpbpiqpičei olìŢdkbe Cg`g-zbaikg JiH :>>1$& Qbzbkgsl& :>>1 hpp~;,,c{qjb,[b~D,[b~i^fbOl`Jhpm

27?^ZGOFG@



1? Pl~ :>> Ofljbf Zgpbifgzq Kbdwbzy :>>0& Galdlmia # QlaibfIdìabplzq& Ofljbf Lwpflle& Bwowqp :>>1& GaldlmiqpIdpgffiogdag Wdip& hpp~;,,qplzgqlzo

18 WQ Agdqwq Jwzgbw& :>>2 Bddwbf Qwzsgy lc Mbdwcbapwzgq&

bd` Bddwbf Zgpbif Pzb`gq Qwzsgy (Zgsiqg` B~zif :>>1)&bd` :>>2 Bddwbf Pzb`g Qwzsgy (Zgsiqg` b~zif :>>1)hpp~;,,agdqwqols,qsq`,zgpfbdd,~`c

19 Sbdkqelpzolsidqeb elmlzb JiH; Sbdkqeb pzolsidb&hpp~;,,elmlzbjihalm& :>>3

0> Sbdkqelpzolsidbqeb elmlzb JiH; ‖Gfgepzldqel ~lqfl-sbdkg”& hpp~;,,elmlzbjihalm

02 _lzf` Jbde& Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb - l` l~lzbseb `l

l`zŴislo zbqpb& _bqhidopld& 299?0: QfwŴjgdi fiqp QCZK ??,88; ‖[beld l ~zg`w{gďimb”& Jgl-

` 2988



ozb`& 298801 QfwŴjgdi fiqp JiH :,9:; ‖[beld l ~zg`w{gďimb”& Qbzb-

kgsl& 299:00 QfwŴjgdi fiqp JiH 11,90; ‖[beld l ~zg`w{gďimb”& Qbzb-

kgsl& 2990

07 QfwŴjgdi fiqp JiH 11,90; ‖[beld l ~zgpslzji `zwŢpsgdgqslkidg”& Qbzbkgsl& 299003 QfwŴjgdg dlsidg Cg`gzbaikg JiH jzlk :?,9?; ‖[beld l

~zisbpi{baiki ~zg`w{gďb”& Qbzbkgsl& 299?

279^ZGOFG@







W@E 10:? % 32

Fkwjlmiz Jgzjgzlsiď

JILGPIEB; ELZIKGDI I ^ZGLEW^BAIKG

JILGPHIAQ ; ZLLPQ BD@ ^ZGLAAW^BPILDQ

QbŴgpbe

Kg bd l` ~ildizb ogdgpičelo idŴgdkgzqpsb& bwf Jgzo& ~lezgdwl

kg iqplzikqew Eldcgzgdaikw mlfgewfbzdih jilflob w Bqiflmbzw(29?7)$ Pbk qew~ kg ~zlŢizil efbqičdw& gelflŢei lzikgdpiqbdw jilgpiew&čiki kg lqdisbč Sbd Zgdqqgfgbz lppgz (29?2)& db dlsl ~lfkg jw`wďih



ogdgpičeih mbdi~wfbaikb$ Sgď zbdi zb{sipbe jilgpieg imbl kg `sb ofbsdb qmkgzb& elki qg ls kg db{isbkw ‖^lppgz-gpieb” i ‖Jgzo-gpieb”$ MlŴg qg zgďi `b pg `sikg fidikg elm~fgmgdpizbkw w ldl Ţpl qg w ~lqfkg`dkg szikgmg db{isb ‖Idpgozbpisdb jilgpieb”& kgìdqpsgdbmwfpiìqai~fidbmb iqpzbŴisbčeb ìqai~fidb Ţpl qg jbsi gpičeim

~ipbdkimb ~zimkgdg dlslo jilflŢelo {dbdkb$

Efkwčdg zikgči ; Jilgpieb& gelfloikb& mlfgewfbzdb jilfloikb& ogdgpičel idŴgdkgzqpsl& Bqiflmbzqeb eldcgzgdaikb& ‖Jgzo-gpieb” i‖^lppgz-gpieb”& idpgozbpisd jilgpieb$

Qwmmbzy

^bwf Jgzo& ~zidai~bf iqalsgzgz lc ‖ogdg pbiflzido”& idipibpg` phg hiqplzia Bqiflmbz Aldcgzgdag lc mlfgawfbz ogdgpiaiqpq (29?7)&hiah gxpgd`g` phg afbqqiabf galfloiabffy lzigdpg` jilgphiaq&

clwd g` jy Sbd Zgdqqgfbgz lppgz (29?2)& pl phg dg cigf` lc cwpwzg ogdgpia mlìciabpild pgahdlfloigq$ Phwq& phg gbzfy `gsgfl~mgdp lc jilgphiaq qhlwf` jg qggd bq aldqiqpido lc pl mbid qpzgbmq&dbmg` hgzg ‖^lppgz-Gphiaq” bd` ‖Jgzo-Gphiaq”$ Ip abd jg qbi` phbp

phg pl fidgq alm~fgmgdp idpl hbp iq zgagdpfy abffg` ‖Idpgozbpisg Jil-gphiaq”& b wdicig` mwfpiìqai~fidbzy zgqgbzah jzbdah gbfido iph gphiabf ~zljfgmq id phg b~~fiabpild lc phg dg jilfloiabf edlfgòg$

231^ZGOFG@



W iqpi mbh& l` dbwčdih q~l{dbkb jzŴg dgol ieb` dbqpbkwwzgĒbki i ~lqpw~ai {b ~zbepičdw ~zimkgdw Qpzbhlsipl kg qezbďgdlszikgmg elkg ~zlpgčg l` iqpzbŴisbčelo ~zldbfbqeb `l dkgolsloljfielsbdkb w qzg`qpsl ~lol`dl {b mbqlsdw w~lpzgjw @kgfb

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ol` kg pb {bkg`diab jifb ~lqplkbdb i `kgflpslzdb& pl qg ~l{ipisdll`zb{ifl db wew~bd ~zlq~gzipgp& ~b i db `gmlozbcqeg ~zifieg& iljzbpdl$ Zb{bzbdkgm ~lfiewfpwzdg {bkg`diag 299:-2997$ dbqpbl

kg i `gmlozbcqei qflm$ Zgsipbfi{baiklm lsg {bkg`diag i dkgdg

zbdikg `kgflpslzdlqpi& dbqpbfi ji wskgpi {b ~ljlfkŢbdkg `gmlozbcqeih pzgd`lsb$ ^lfipičeg gfipg mlzbkw skgzlsbpi `b kg pldwŴdl i i{slìsl& bel Ŵgfg `b qg Qzji& Hzsbpi i JlŢdkbai jilflŢeil`zŴg db ~zlqplzw JiH$

Efkwčdg zikgči; `gmlozbcqei owjipbe& `g~l~wfbaikb& jilflŢebsipbfdlqp& ml`gzdi{baikb& ~lfiewfpwzdb {bkg`diab& zgsipbfi{baikb&

lòlslzdlqp& ~lfipičeg gfipg$

2?7^ZGOFG@

Qwmmbzy

Id phg ~gzil` jgpggd 299: bd` 2997& gdlzmlwq gmlozb~hiaflqq hbq jggd azgbpg` id JiH& abwqido dbpwzbf `g~l~wfbpild bd` mbeido `gmlozb~hia ~gzq~gapisg `g~zgqqido$ @wzido phg ~lqp-

@bypld ~gzil` lc izzbpildbf ~lfipiaq lc gphdia dbpildbfiqm& zgclzmqbzg jgido qflg` `ld bd` pgdqildq bzg jgido azgbpg`& hiahb`ìpildbffy `gpgzilzbpgq `gmlozb~hia qipwbpild$ Mwfpiawfpwzbf almmwdipy lc JiH iq b ml`gf lc alhgzgdp ficg id zgfioilwq bd` gphdia ìsgzqipy iph aldpidwipy lc qgsgzbf agdpwzigq$ _hgdgsgz phiq almmwdipy bq qpbjfg bd` gccgapisg& ip hb` ~lqipisg zgcfgapildqld lsgzbff ~zlq~gzipy& bq gff bq ld `gmlozb~hia qipwbpild& bd`

siag sgzqb$ Jy `gqpzwapild lc mwfpiawfpwzbf almmwdipy `wzido 2992 ‑ 2997& `gmlozb~hia jzgbe`ld bq azgbpg`$ Zgsipbfiqbpildlc phiq almmwdipy bd` ipq alm~gpgdag& lwf` azgbpg aldìpildq

clz im~zlsgmgdp lc `gmlozb~hia pzgd`q$ Ic ~lfipiabf gfipgq bdp clz Qgzjq Azlbpq bd` Jlqdibeq pl jg jilfloiabffy ~zgqgzsg` bp



clz Qgzjq& Azlbpq& bd` Jlqdibeq pl jg jilfloiabffy ~zgqgzsg` bp phg pgzziplzy lc JiH& phgy hbsg pl jgfigsg phbp phiq iq dgagqqbzybd` `lbjfg$

Egy lz`q; `gmlozb~hia flqq& `g~l~wfbpild& jilfloiabf sipbfipy& ml`gzdiqbpild& mwfpiawfpwzbf almmwdipy& zgsipbfiqbpild&zgq~ldqijifipy& ~lfipiabf gfipgq$

Wsl`di ìl

Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb kg `bdbq w qflŴgdlk i pgŢelk `gml-

ozbcqelk qipwbaiki Jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčel qpbdlsdiŢpsl& qb qsgmbdkim dbpbfipgplm& wfb{i w {ldw ~zizl`dg `g~l~wfbaikg& eb`bsiŢg fkwì wmizg dgol Ţpl qg zbĒb i eb`b ~zlagq qpbzgdkb idpgd{isdlpgčg Qgdifi{baikb ebl ofljbfdb ~lkbsb w qbszgmgdlm `zwŢpsw

~zg`qpbsfkb sgfiei qlaikbfdi& geldlmqei& `gmlozbcqei i ~lfipičei ~zljfgm [gmfkb elkb kg qwlčgdb q pim cgdlmgdlm ~lqpbkg mbdkgsipbfdb& owji i ezgbpisdi ~lpgdaikbf iqplszgmgdl eb`b dbzbqpbkw

~zljfgmi sg{bdi {b qpbzg fkw`g i dkihlsl {jzidkbsbdkg

Lsl qsg čgeb i Jlqdw i Hgzagolsidw& bfi q klŢ sgďlm pgŴidlm[gmfkb qg dbfb{i ~zg` mdloim {b`baimb l` elkih {bsiqi dkgdb

jw`wďdlqp Pzgjb `b ljdlsi `zwŢpsgdw elhg{ikw& wq~lqpbsi `kgfl-

2?3 ^ZGOFG@



- ^lfiewfpwzdb {bkg`diab Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg iozb efkwčdwwflow w geldlmqelm& qlaikbfdlm& ewfpwzdlm i `gmlozbc-qelm zb{slkw Eb` ol` kg pb {bkg`diab jifb ~lqplkbdb i`kgflpslzdb& pl qg ~l{ipisdl l`zb{ifl db wew~bd ~zlq~gzipgp&

~b w plm lesizw i db `gmlozbcqeg ~zifieg& i ljzbpdl Q

zb{bzbdkgm ~lfiewfpwzdg {bkg`diag (299:-2997) dbqpbl kg i`gmlozbcqei qflm

- îpbdkg `gmlozbcqeg jw`wďdlqpi Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg pzgjb`b ~lqpbdg ~lfipičei idpgzgq `zwŢpsb i `zŴbsg Pw kg sbŴdb ilòlsbzbkwďb ~l~wfbaikqeb ~lfipieb Qsg kg pl ~lpzgjdl& bfidikg i `lslfkdl Pge ji lŴisfkbsbdkg `kgflpslzdg ~lfiewfpwzdg{bkg`diag Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg ~zli{sgfl dgl~hl`dg wskgpg

{b `gmlozbcqew zgsipbfi{baikw Ljdbsfkbdkg pg {bkg`diag kgdwŴdl i `lqpiŴdl& w Ţpl ~lfipičeg gfipg mlzbkw `b skgzwkw beldg Ŵgfg `gmlozbcqew ebpbqpzlcw elkb ji ~lolìfb i Qzjg iHzsbpg i JlŢdkbegDbsg`gdg ~lqpbseg& qsbeb ~l` qslkim dbqflslm& ljzbĒgdg



Dbsg`gdg ~lqpbseg& qsbeb ~l` qslkim dbqflslm& ljzbĒgdgqw w dbzg`dlm i{fbobdkw

@gmlozbcqei owjiai i ~lqfkgìag

Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb kg 2992 olìdg imbfb dgŢpl siŢg l`01??>>> qpbdlsdieb ^lqfikg `gqgp olìdb& wljičbkgdlo idpgzsbfbi{mgĒw `sb ~l~iqb w Kwolqfbsiki& pl kgqp :>>2 olìdg& lčgeisbdi

~l~iq kg i{lqpbl& pbel `b dgmb {sbdičdg (skgzl`lqplkdg) qpbpiqpiegl ~lqfikgzbpdlm jzlkw Ŵipgfkb w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi ^zlakgdkwkgqg `b kg w plk olìdi w {gmfki jifl 1&7 ifi dbksiŢg 1&8 mifildbqpbdlsdieb @b ji qg {dbfl elfiei kg qpsbzdi gmlozbcqei owjipbe&lsg jzlkeg pzgjb w~lzgìpi q ldim jzlkgm elki ji zg`lsdi ~l~iqqpbdlsdiŢpsb :>>2 olìdg wpszìl `b dikg jifl zbpb Pbk qbm jzlkq siqleim qpg~gdlm ~lw{`bdlqpi dbŢbl i ld i{dlqi 0719>>>& Ţplqg w sgfielk mkgzi ~lefb~b q iqpzbŴisbdkimb Geldlmqelo idqpipwpb wQbzbkgsw 299> olìdg I{ lslo ~lzgĒgdkb ~zli{fb{i `b kg zgbfbd`gmlozbcqei owjipbe w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi :>>2 olìdg ezbkgmmbzpb jil ?19>>> midimbfdl ifi 2>19>>> mbeqimbfdl

Wew~bd gmlozbcqei owjipbe qbqplki qg l` pzi wŴg ozw~g owji-pbeb Kg`dw ozw~w čidi i{owjfkgdi ~zizl`di ~zizbŢpbk& `zwow jzlkwjikgdih i dgqpbfih aisifb& ~loidwfih jlzbab i wmzfih ozbĒbdb {jlo

2?8 ^ZGOFG@

pgŢeih zbpdih wskgpb (~lsgďbdi zbpdi mlzpbfipgp)& i pzgďw ozw~wqpbdlsdiŢpsl ~zlodbdl i{ Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg elkg qg dikg szbpiflw {gmfkw

@gmlozbcqei owjipbe kg sbŴbd ~leb{bpgfk ldlob Ţpb qg qsg`lolìfl& kgz dikg ebzbepgziqpičbd qbml ~l qslklk sgfičidi& sgď

dbzlčipl ~l plmg ebebs kg wčidbe ~zli{sgl db `wolzlčdi zb{slkqpbdlsdiŢpsb Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg Sgfieih owjipbeb lsg szqpg

jifl kg i w ^zslm i w @zwolm qskgpqelm zbpw& bfi ldi diqw imbfii{zbsdl zb{bzbkwďi wpkgabk db `wolzlčdg `gmlozbcqeg plelsgQpbdlsdiŢpsl dbeld 29:2 olìdg ~lsgďbsbfl qg szfl wjz{bdl(:&2' olìŢdkg)& b l` 2908 l 2932 olìdg dgŢpl q~lzikg& bfi i`bfkg ìdbmičdl (2&9' olìŢdkg) Pbel kg wew~bd `gmlozbcqei

owjipbe i{ ^zslo qskgpqelo zbpb& elki kg wpszĒgd 29:2 olìdg&db`ledbĒgd {b dg~wdih ~gp& b i{ @zwolo qskgpqelo zbpb& wpszĒgd2912& {b dgŢpl mbdkg l` kg`bdbgqp olìdb

[b zb{fiew l` lslob& gmlozbcqei owjipbe i{ ~gzil`b l` 299:`l 2997 lìozbl kg `gqpzwepisdw wflow zgmb Bogdaiki {b qpbpiqpiew



o k o o kJlqdg i Hgzagolsidg& qpbdlsdiŢpsl w {gmfki jifkgŴi dg{dbpbd ~lzbqp&elki kg& bel qg w{mw w lj{iz i{skgŢpbki l ~zizl`dlm ~zizbŢpbkw&sgď ezbkgm :>>7 olìdg ~zgqbhdwl i ~lqpbl dgobpisdb sgfičidb

@zwoim zikgčimb& jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčeb ~l~wfbaikb l` ~lčgpeb:>>3 olìdg qg jzlkdl qmbdkwkg& Ţpl {dbči `b w {gmfki siŢg fkwìwmizg dgol Ţpl qg zbĒb Pbel ~zizl`db `g~l~wfbaikb {b~lčidkgqslk ~fgq w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi

Pzgjb db~lmgdwpi `b kg lsb `g~l~wfbaikb zbdikg {bhsbpifbZg~wjfiew Qz~qew& ~b kg ~zizbqp w Cg`gzbaiki JiH wqpsbzi jil

kgìdi i{slz l~ďgo ~lsgďbdkb jzlkb qpbdlsdieb w aikgflk Jlqdi i

Hgzagolsidi Ebel kg `lŢfl `l dboflo ~b`b qpl~g zbĒbdkb i wlslm gdpipgpw& ~zizl`db g~l~wfbaikb qg ~zlŢizifb db čipbsw {gmfkwMlŴg qg ~lqpbsipi ~ipbdkg `b fi qw lsg ~zlmkgdg ~lqfkgìab

`gmlozbcqelo owjipeb i{ ~gzil`b 299: `l 2997 ifi qw zg{wfpbp`gmlozbcqeg pzbd{iaikg elkb qg idpgd{isizbfb klŢ l` 2908 olìdgQsbebel `b kg dgq~lzbd i{skgqpbd wpkgabk `gmlozbcqeg pzbd{iaikg&bfi ls`kg kg `lmidbdpdi cbeplz jil w~zbsl `gmlozbcqei owjipbeLsl dikg pgŢel `leb{bpi bel qg zb{mlpzi ezgpbdkg jzlkb qpbdlsdieb

Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg w mizdl`l~qeim wskgpimb& Ţpl {dbči w lelfdl-qpimb eb`b kg wpkgabk zbpb i `gmlozbcqelo owjipeb iqefkwčgd& bwefkwčgdl `kgflsbdkg `gmlozbcqeg pzbd{iaikg

2?9^ZGOFG@

Geldlmqei idqpipwp w Qbzbkgsw szŢil kg ~zikg zbpb i pbesbiqpzbŴisbdkb W qpwìki —@wolzlčdg ~zlkgeaikg qpbdlsdiŢpsb i zb`dgqdbog Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg `l :>27 olìdg‖ wpszĒgdl kg `b ji

jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčel qpbdlsdiŢpsl imbfl dg~zgei`bd zbqp& ~b ji w olìdi :>27 `lqpiofl jzlk l` 03:2297 Zg{wfpbpi lslo

iqpzbŴisbdkb qw elzgepdi& Ţpl& ~lzg` lqpbflo& ~lpszĒwkg i čidkgdiab`b kg ~zlodl{b {b 2992 olìdw olplsl ~l`kg`dbeb q ~l`bpelmi{ ~l~iqb pg iqpg olìdg Mlkb sfbqpipb iqpzbŴisbdkb ~leb{wkw `b

ji qg qpbdlsdiŢpsl Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg w mizdl`l~qelm ~gzil`wi ~l` wpkgabkgm `gmlozbcqeg pzbd{iaikg ~lsgďbsbfl `l :>:7olìdgPg olìdg ji {b~lčgfb g~l~wfbaikb& bfi gmiozbaikqeb& dbqpbfb{jlo sgďgo dgobpisdlo miozbaikqelo qbf`b (siŢg iqgfkgdih l`

wqgfkgdih) l` ~zizl`dlo ~zizbŢpbkb Bel qg ~zgp~lqpbsi `b plodgobpisdlo miozbaikqelo qbf`b l` :>:7 olìdg siŢg dg ji jifl&ld`b ji qg pzgd` zbqpb qpbdlsdiŢpsb ~zl`wŴil qsg `l ~lflsidg :2sikgeb Lsl {dbči `b ji pge pb`b ezgdwfb ~zizl`db `g~l~wfbaikb&eb`b ~zizl`di ~zizbŢpbk ~lqpbkg dgobpisdb sgfičidb& ebl zg{wfpbp



sgďgo jzlkb wmzfih l` jzlkb zlĒgdih ^zgmb plmg& `gmlozbcqeiowjipbe i{ ~gzil`b 299: `l 2997& elki kg :>>2 olìdg i{dlqil?19>>>& ifi čbe mifild i dgŢpl siŢg& qpsbzdi kg w{zle i{w{gpdg

`gqpzweaikg qpbdlsdiŢpsb Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg

@gmlozbcqeb sipbfdlqp i ml`gzdi{baikb

Geldlmqel-pghdlflŢeb ml`gzdi{baikb i `gmlozbcqei ìdb-mi{bm qw `sb qw~zlpqpbsfkgdb ~zlagqb Dieb`b dg i`w w`zwŴgdlPbml o`kg imb ~wdl `kgag& dgmb ml`gzdlo ~zli{sl`dlo qiqpgmb&b o`kg lsbk ~lqplki `kgab qw zikg`be cgdlmgd W Jlqdi i Hgzag-

olsidi pb ~zlpiszkgčdlqp dikg jifb i{zbŴgdb Mb`b qw geldlmqei ~zgljzbŴbk i dlsi ~zli{sl`di ~lpgdaikbf szŢifi wpkgabk db wq~lzb-sbdkg gmlozbcqelo idpgd{ipgpb& jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčeb ~l~wfb-aikb kg i~be wq~kgfb l`zŴbpi jilflŢew sipbfdlqp l`bai elki qfikg`g

~leb{wkw ebel qg ezgpbl `gmlozbcqei zb{slk w `ljb idpgd{isdihgeldlmqeih i pghdlflŢeih ~zlmkgdb

L` 2908 `l 2992 olìdg jzlk qpbdlsdieb ~lčgpelm ~gzil`b

~lsgďbsbl qg ~l qpl~i l` :&2 ~lqpl& b ezbkgm ~l qpl~i l` >&3 ~lqpl ^zlqkgčbd olìŢdki ~lzbqp i{dlqil kg 2&1 ~lqpl i ezgpbl qgzbsdlmkgzdl jg{ sgfieih l`qpw~bdkb l` pzgd`b [b 01 olìdg qpb-

28> ^ZGOFG@

dlsdiŢpsl Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg ~lsgďbdl kg 2&? ~wpb ^zizl`di ~zizbŢpbk lqiowzbsbl kg pzbkbd zbqp ~l~wfbaikg i `bsbl wqpbfkgd i{dbčbkbd olìŢdki siŢbe iqgfkgdih db` wqgfkgdim& elki qg ~zgfikgsblw geldlmqei zb{sikgdikg bfi `gmlozbcqei ~lqwqpbfg qwqkg`dg {gmfkg

‑ Qzjikw i Hzsbpqew

Wdwpbz lslo zb{`ljfkb zlĒgdl kg 187>?7> Ŵisg `kgag& ifi ~zlqkgčdl olìŢdkg 8977: `kgpgpb Jzlk wmzfih kg 21>?712&l`dlqdl qsbeg olìdg ~l 0>0>8 fkwì OlìŢdki ~zizl`di ~zizbŢpbkl` 79200 jil kg dbksgďi w hiqplziki Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg ^zgpgŴbdwpkgabk db lslfiei ~zizl`di ~zizbŢpbk dikg i{szŢil dbpbfipgp dgolmlzpbfipgp Dbimg& qpl~b qmzpdlqpi kg `zbqpičdl qmbdkgdb& siŢgl` 1&0 ~wpb w l`dlqw db ~gzil` l` 28?9 `l 29:2 olìdg& `le qmbdkgdkg qpl~g zbĒbdkb dikg jifl sgďg l` 2&? ~wpb MlŴg qg mizdg`wŢg zgďi b lslfiel qmbdkgdkg qpl~g qmzpdlqpi ~zg`qpbsfkb ofbsdlljifkgŴkg čgpizi `gagdikg ml`gzdi{baikg Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg w`zwolk ~lflsidi :> qplfkgďb Qbsfb`bpi qpw~bdk wmizbdkb w mkgzi `bqg ~zijfiŴi dislw zb{sikgdih {gmbfkb kg `lqpiodwďg elkg kg dbksiŢglmlowďifl `b Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb w~zelq ml`gzdi{baiki {b`zŴi



lmlowďifl `b Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb& w~zelq ml`gzdi{baiki& {b`zŴiq~lqljdlqp ljdbsfkbdkb qpbdlsdiŢpsb

Iqgfkbsbdkg i{ Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg ~lkbsb kg elkb qg qpbpiqpičei

mlŴg ~zbpipi l` 28?9 olìdg Dbksgďi idpgd{ipgp kg `lqpiodwp w ~gzil`w l` 2908 `l 2992 olìdg& eb`b kg wew~dl iqgfkgdl2>03309& b wqgfkgdl 12327? qpbdlsdieb SiŢbe iqgfkgdih db`wqgfkgdim i{dlqi ?1>09:& ifi w ~zlqkgew ~l olìdi dgŢpl mbdkgl` 2?>>> Lsbk olìŢdki siŢbe iqgfkbsbdkb db` wqgfkbsbdkgm sgďi

kg {b siŢg l` Ţgqp ~wpb l` ldlo i{ ~gzil`b l` 28?9 `l 29:2Lsbel sgfiel iqgfkbsbdkg i{ Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg& w~zbsl w plewgeldlmqelo zb{slkb {gmfkg& mlŴg qg ljkbqdipi pimg `b qw qwqkg`dg

{gmfkg - Hzsbpqeb i Qzjikb& ~zgmb elkim kg gmiozbaikqeb qpzwkbdbksiŢg pgefb& jifg ~ziszg`dl zb{sikgdikg& bfi `gmlozbcqei mbdkgsipbfdg& ~b ih kg pl čidifl ~zisfbčdim {b jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčegmiozbdpg Qsbebel b kg plmg l~zidikgfb i ~lsgďbdb ~lezgpfkislqpqpbdlsdiŢpsb& Ţpl kg dlzmbfdb ~lkbsb w ~zlagqw ml`gzdi{baikg

Dbksgďi ~zlagdp iqgfkgdih imbfi qw Qzji& {bpim Hzsbpi W ~lzg-Ēgdkw q Hzsbpimb& b ~lolplsl qb Qzjimb& wìl JlŢdkbeb w iqgfkb-sbdkw kg bfgel mbdki El` wqgfkbsbdkb lmidbdpdb qpbseb ~zi~b`bozw~i —Kwolqfbsgdi‖& Ţpl dg i{dgdbĒwkg bel qg {db `b qg Jlqdb iHgzagolsidb `lŴisfkbsbfb ebl mwfpiewfpwzdb i mwfpigpdičeb qzgìdb&elkb kg lslk ebpgolziki qpbdlsdiŢpsb dbksiŢg lòlsbzbfb

282^ZGOFG@

[dbčbk ~lfiewfpwzdg {bkg`diag{b `gmlozbcqew jw`wďdlqp

Eb`b qg zb{mbpzb `gmlozbcqeb jw`wďdlqp Jlqdg i Hgzag-olsidg& ~zsl ~ipbdkg elkg qg dbmgďg kgqpg; mlŴg fi qg dgelm

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~lqfkgìčdih sg{bJlqdb i Hgzagolsidb kg `zwečiki qfwčbk Jw`wďi `b qb`bŢdkg

wjz{bdl qpbzgdkg qpbdlsdiŢpsb w dklk dikg zg{wfpbp siqlelo dislb



k k k k ozb{sikgdlqpi i dglmgpbdlo pleb `gmlozbcqeg pzbd{iaikg& pl ji

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~zi~b`dlqpi pg elfgepisdi i`gdpipgp jb{izbdi qw ebel db qlaikbfdlk

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293 ^ZGOFG@

: Si`kgpi d~z Jzbh (2993)& Alhgd (299?)& Aficclz` (299?)& Hbff (2991)&Qbczbd& (2992)& Qezjiq (2999)5 i Jbzebd # Qhgfpld (2998)

1 Jgdgìap Bd`gzqld& Imboidg` almmwdipigq (2983)0 Zlqb Pqbobzlwqidlw& Zgphideido phg aldag~p lc ìbq~lzb; mljifipy&

alddgapisipy bd` almmwdiabpild id b ofljbfi{g` lzf` (:>>0)

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~zlŢflqp jh ìkbq~lzg& kgz& ibel szfl mfb`b& jh ikbq~lzb imb qslkw

hiqplzikw elkb qg klŢ wsikge ~iŢg

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29?^ZGOFG@

7 L Ŵislpw i zb`w Bìfb [wfciebz~bŢiďb ~lofg`bk Imbmlsiď M (2993) JlŢdkbai w gmiozbaiki; mldlozbcikb ‖Jlqbdqeih ~lofg`b”5 Ğifbq& M (2993)Phg Jlqdibe ‑ Bìf [wfciebz~bqia5 i [wfciebz~bŢiď& B (:>>7) Lqszpi$





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:>> ^ZGOFG@

2> îgzzg& Jlwzìgw& Phg Clzmq lc Ab~ipbf (2983)22 iji`2: Zljgzp ^wpdbm& Jlfido Bfldg (:>>>)

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Ofljbfi{baikb i ofljbfdg miozbaikg

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~lqpml`gzdi{bm ( ~lqpml`gzdipy)& i qsg wčgqpbfikg ebl gzb ofljbfi-

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siŢg kg`dlqmkgzbd ~zlagq w elkgm qw qfljl`g& ~lolplsl qfljl`gezgpbdkb& ~zifičdl lozbdičgdg i l`zgĒgdg {gmfklm ~lzikgefb l`dlqdl`zŴbsfkbdqpslm qsbelo ~lkgìdab i čipbsih ozw~b i dbzl`b ^zlagqofljbfi{baikg& ~lolplsl ldbk geldlmqei bq~gep& `l qb`b kg wofb-sdlm jil w elziqp zb{sikgdlo [b~b b l`dlqdl Qkgsgzb& b dbwŢpzj{gmbfkb w zb{slkw i ldlob Ţpl qg čgqpl db{isb Pzgďi qsikgp ifigeldlmqel-{blqpbfi Kwo Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb& siŢg w `zwŢpsgdl-

~lfipičelm qmiqfw dgol oglozbcqei& dbfb{i qg dgo`kg i{mgĒw

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čidkgdiab kg& `b ~bzbczb{izbml Oglzogb Lzgffb& `b qw dgei fkwìwsikge —siŢg kg`dbei‖ l` zwoih20 @zŴbsfkbdi Jlqdg i Hgzagolsidg&ebel w szikgmg zbpb pbel i `l `bdb `bdbŢdkgo& iqewqifi qw Ţpb

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21 ^lofg`bpi dgeg l` sl`gďih pglzgpičbzb ofljbfi{baikg d~z Mbdczg` Qpgogz&

^bwf Kbmgq& [iomwd` Jbwmbd& Bzkwd B~~b`wzbi (~wdi ~l`bai dbsg`gdi wfipgzbwzi)

20 Oglzog Lzgff& Bdimbf Cbzm (2978)

(dg)kg`dbelqp i jizlezbpqeb ìqezimidbaikb {dbčg i ebel lozbdi-čbsbkw mlowďdlqpi i qfljl`g ezgpbdkb Jg{ lj{izb db dbŢ qwjkgepisdilqkgďbk l qgji ebl elqml~lfipimb& Gwzl~fkbdimb ifi —ozbĒbdimbqsikgpb‖& eb~ikg mdloih {gmbfkb qw lqpbkbfg {bpslzgdg ~zg` dbŢim

~wpdim iq~zbsbmb Lsl qbml ~lpszĒwkg pg{w Qpgsgdb Qhb~idb `b

i`gdpipgp ~lkgìdab i `zwŢpsgdg ozw~baikg dikg qbml qwjkgepisdilqkgďbk dgol kg l`zgĒgd i l` `zwoih i ebel dbq ldi si`g& `gcidizbkwi efbqiciaizbkw27

Ofljbfdi ~zlagqi i flebfdi i`gdpipgpi

I`gdpipgp kg qsbebel kg`db l` agdpzbfdih pgmb i ~zljfgmbeb`b olslziml l ofljbfi{baiki i zgoildbfi{baiki& wefkwčwkwďi p{s

—gwzl~gi{baikw‖& pl kgqp ~zlŢizgdkg GW-b I`gdpipgpqeb eldcw{ikb ibdpboldi{bm i{mgĒw zb{dih clzmi& sgz{ikb i idpgz~zgpbaikb elfg-episdlo i`gdpipgpb dbqpbsfkb jipi kg`bd l` agdpzbfdih ~zljfgmb wJlqdi i Hgzagolsidi23 Elmgdpizbkwďi ~zljfgmbpiew i`gdpipgpb w`bdbŢdklk Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi& Qgdbìd Fbsiď (:>>7; 3>) ~iŢg;‖L`sgď ~zimipisdl i zbq~lkbqbdl& jg{ imbfl qzbmb& {bsfb`bl kg `whgoli{mb elki sbflzi{izb qsg ldg dbzbaikg l ~bpzilpi{mw& `lmlsidi&

iki i` pip p i p k i i jk Ē k čf kih



dbaiki& i`gdpipgpw& idpgzgqdlk ozw~i i wjkgĒwkg čfbdlsg qslkih

’jlzjgdih’ qew~idb `b kg pl kgìdi ~zbsi mlzbf‖@l qb`b qw qg& w siŢg dbszbpb w ml`gzdlk hiqplziki& l~bqdimb

~leb{bfi pbesi —zbq~lkbqbdi‖ i —qizlsi‖ ~ziqpw~i ~ipbdkw i`gdpipgpbo`kg qml kg`dlqpbsdl —~l Jlow i ogdgpiai‖2? MI ‑ mi b LDI -(bdbml)ldi MgĒwpim& ls`kg dg qmikgml iodlzizbpi čidkgdiaw `b

Jlo dg ~zg`qpbsfkb qbml mgpbclzw {b clzmg ~zimlzìkbfdih i`g-dpipgpb& sgď `b zgfioikb klŢ wsikge szfl fbel —l~ikg mbqg‖ i& ebl

Ţpl Bqim Mwkeiď ~l`qkgďb& idqpipwaikg zgfioikg dbqpbsfkbkw jipi

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27 Qhb~id& Q (2990) B Qlaibf Hiqplzy lc Pzwph23 Si`kgpi d~z Zljidqld& O # ljziď& B& Dbpildbfiqm bd` I`gdpipy id ^lqp-

@bypld Baalz`q Jlqdib-Hgz{golsidb (:>>3)5 _gidg& Q _hgd Hiqplzy iq bdiohpmbzg; Fisgq bd` Mgmlzigq lc Gphdia Afgbdqido id Jlqdib-Hgz{golsidb(2999)5 ŽiŴge& Q& Abwohp id Bdlphgz’q @zgbm id Jlqdib (2990)5 Cifi~lsiď& M

Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb; dbksb{dikg oglozbcqeg& `gmlozbcqeg& hiqplzikqeg&ewfpwzdg i ~lfipičeg čidkgdiag (299?)5 i Abm~jgff& @ Dbpildbf @galdqpzwapild;

Silfgdag& I`gdpipy bd` Kwqpiag id Jlqdib& (2998)2? Lsw ~zimlzìkbfdw `gcidiaikw i`gdpipgpb (‖Jlo i ogdgpieb l`zgĒwkw

i`gdpipgp”) čwl qbm dg`bsdl db kg`dlm kbsdlm i{fbobdkw w JiH

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l`zgĒgdi —zgfioikqeim‖ ~zgcieqlm‖ (Bjb{lsiď& :>>3; :>:)28

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L` lqpbfih sgďih ~zljfgmb i i{b{lsb elki {bhpikgsbkw beaikwi db flebfdlm i db ofljbfdlm dislw kgqw ~zljfgm mljifdlqpi& pl

kgqp ezgpbdkb fkwì (i zb`dg qdbog)& i ~zljfgm l`zŴislo zb{slkb& qbqsim qlaikbfdim& geldlmqeim i gelflŢeim bq~gepimb Ibel ldl Ţpl

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28 L wfl{i zgfioikg ebl elhg{isdlo cbeplzb elfgepisdlo i`gdpipgpb ~lofg`bpiIsbd Asipelsiď i @idl Bjb{lsiď (wz) [jlzdie zb`lsb; Zgfioikb i gwzl~qegidpgozbaikg (:>>3)

(i dbkjlobpikgo) člskgeb db qsikgpw Jiff Obpgqb i dkgolsg bdpipg{g&ofljbfdlo pgzlziqpg (pbelĒgz jlobplo) Lqbmg Jid Fb`gdb& dbfb{iqg aikgfi lqpbpbe qsikgpb29 Qplob& ofljbfi{baikb w qsim qslkimclzmbmb dikg i dgďg ~lqpbpi qwelj ewfpwzb i aisifi{baikb ebel plHwdpidopld qslkgszgmgdl ~gqimiqpičdl —~zg`qeb{b‖:> Zikgč kg&

dbimg& l qwmdkislm ~zg`qeb{bdkw":2

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Ezl{ hiqplzikw Ŵislp w Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi& {b dbksgďi jzlk dkgdihŴipgfkb& jil kg wqpbfkgd& dbkčgŢďg q~lz i szfl čgqpl pgŴbe& b dgei bfgeiagdpzi mlďi db Iqplew& Qkgsgzw ifi [b~b`w& ebl i dbzlì i ewfpwzg elkiqw pbml Ŵiskgfi& wofbsdlm qw jifg pgmg l elkimb qg ~zičbfl& mbŢpbfl&i{miŢfkbfl& i db elkg qg ~ldgeb` wofg`bfl ifi qg l` dkih {b{izbfl

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29 Zgdlmizbdi qskgpqei pglzgpičbz ofljbfi{baikg Mbdczg` Qpgogz (Ofljbfiqm

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i Hgzagolsidw i gpdičel čiŢďgdkg ebl `leb{ `b `sikg zb{fičipg ewfpwzg dg mlowmizlfkwjisl elgo{iqpizbpi (qpz :?:)

:2 [b ezipiew Hwdpidopldlsih pg{b& eb` kg JiH w ~ipbdkw& si`kgpi ^lfipieg cbdpb{ikb& bwplzb Gqb`b [olìďb& qpz 221-:22

:: Si`kgpi d~z @ldib& Z :>>3 Qbzbkgsl; B Jilozb~hy5 Qahbzp{& Q (:>>7)Qbzbkgsl Zlqg; B Jbfebd Kgiqh Dlpgjlle 5 i Qgffq& M (2993) Phg Jziòg

Jgpzbyg`; Zgfioild bd` Ogdlai`g id Jlqdib$:1 Si`kgpi d~z Cifi~lsiď (299?)5 Imbmlsiď (2993)5 Flszgdlsiď (:>>2)5 i

Mbhmwpďghbkiď (:>>>)

@bdbŢdkb jh ìkbq~lzb kg w qfičdlk ~l{iaiki& kgz qsbel`dgsdbqpsbzdlqp Ŵislpb w ìkbq~lzi kg sg{bdb {b Ŵislp w ~bzbfgfdimewfpwzdim ~zlqplzimb:0 ^lkbm elki qg čgqpl elziqpi {b l~iqisbdkglsbeslo qpbdkb w elkgm miozbdpqeg {bkg`diag Ŵisg kg —`sl-ewfpwzdlqp‖ (ji-awfpwzbfiqm)& Ţpl dikg lslfkdl ~zgai{db ebpgolzikb&

pl kgqp dg ~zg`qpbsfkb qsw elm~fgeqdlqp Ŵislpb miozbdbpb Dbimg&pbk Ŵislp i{mgĒw ewfpwzb dikg qbm ~l qgji —`slewfpwzdlqp‖& pl kgqp ~zb{bd ~zlqplz w elmg qg sikg ewfpwzg qwqzgďw Pbk ~zlqplz i{mgĒwewfpwzb& ebel dbŢ {gmfkbe QbŢb Hgmld:7 zgčg& ezgizb ~lqgjdwmiozbdpqew ewfpwzw& ifi ldl Ţpl Hlmi Jhbjhb db{isb —ewfpwzdbhijzi`dlqp‖:3 Pbk ewfpwzdi mgĒw~zlqplz kg mlŴ`b dbkidpgzgqbdpdikii dbksijzbdpdiki `zwŢpsgdi mifkg w {gmfkbmb wqgfkgdiŢpsb& pg dgčwì `b kg mdlol ~wpb jil i{slz idq~izbaikg ~iqaimb ebl Ţpl kg

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~lsg{isbdkg jlqbdqeg ikbq~lzg q mbpialm ebl i ~lsg{isbdkg Jlqdg



i Hgzagolsidg& ~zgel ìkbq~lzg& w qsg `zwog ofljbfdg plelsgMljifdb i ljzb{lsbdb jh ìkbq~lzb kg kg`bd l` efkwčdih fkw`qeihcbeplzb elki obzbdpizbkw `b Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb dgďg {blqpbpi wlsim ofljbfdim ~zlagqimb

Jzbid `zbid i jzbid obid

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:>7^ZGOFG@

:0 Si`kgpi Czig`mbd& K Ml`gzdipy bd` I`gdpipy (2991) i Awfpwzbf I`gdpipybd` Ofljbf ^zlagqq (2990)5 Oi``gdq B Ml`gzdipy bd` Qgfc I`gdpipy (2992)čZb~~lzp& D # @bqld& B (g`q)& Miozbdpq lc I`gdpipy (2998) Hbfiflsiah HB Wdirwg I`gdpipy (:>>7) i Bwqqig Jlqdibdq czlm Ogzmbdy (:>>3)

:7 Bfgeqbd`bz Hgmld; Dlghzg Mbd i Phg Rwgqpild lc Jzwdl:3 PbelĒgz ~lofg`bpi _gzjdgz& # Ml`ll`& P (g`q) 299?& @gjbpido

Awfpwzbf Hyjziìpy:? @Ŵgsb Ebzbhbqbd Si kgpi d~z Qbzbkgsl& Gxl`wq lc b Aipy i @dgsdie qgfi`jg$





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Ofg`bkwďi i{ ~gzq~gepisg {gmfkg ~lzikgefb& čidkgdiab kg `b kgJlqdb i Hgzagolsidb lqpbfb jg{ qelzl čgpszpidg qslob qpbdlsdiŢpsb{jlo ~ziqifdlo zbqgfkbsbdkb Qlaikbfdb i geldlmqeb aikgdb lsih

miozbaikb kg kbqdl si`fkisb& ~lolplsl w mdloim flebfdim qzgìdbmbo`kg qg lqkgpi dg`lqpbpbe plo fkw`qelo cbeplzb w qsbelm ~lofg`w1:W dgeim qzgìdbmb ~lqplki čbe i ~zljfgm lel w`bkb i Ŵgdi`ji&`b dg q~lmidkgml dg`lqpbpbe ljzb{lsbdih i qpzwčdih fkwì čikg

ji qg {dbdkg i iqewqpsl `bfl ~zimikgdipi w ~ljlfkŢbdkw qlaikbfdl-geldlmqeg qipwbaikg w pbesim qzgìdbmb i {gmfki w akgfidi ^lqsim ezipgzikimb& `b qg ~lqfwŴiml efidičeim zkgčdielm& Jlqdb i



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`b qg sgďidb fkwì w ikbq~lzi& ~lolplsl ldih elki imbkw wq~kgŢdgdbwčdg i ~zlcgqildbfdg ebzikgzg w wq~ldw& dg zbčwdb& jbz w lofg`dlszikgmg& szbďbpi {bqpbfdl w Jlqdw i Hgzagolsidw MgĒwpim& ci{ičeiifi pzbkdi ~lszbpbe lsih fkwì - w `bdbŢdkg szikgmg& eb` ~zlqplz iszikgmg ~lqpbkw qsg mbdkg zgfgsbdpdi ‑ dikg w sgfielm jzlkwqfwčbkgsb di dgl~hl`bd Pzbdqcgz ~bmgpi l`dlqdl {dbdkb mlŴgqg i{szŢipi i ezbďim ~ziszgmgdim ~lqkgpbmb i idìzgepdl Ls`kg

:>8 ^ZGOFG@

1: @bhfmbd& A # Pwbphbif& OL (:>>7) Phg fgobay lc gphdia afgbdqido;Phg zgpwzdq ~zlagqq id ~lqp-@bypld Jlqdib-Hgz{golsidb











Jbwmbd& [ (2992)& Ml`gzdipy bd` Bmjisbfgdag& ^lfipy ^zgqq&Abmjziòg

Jbx& M (299?j)& Aisifi{bpild bd` @gaisifi{bpild id Jlqdib ; B abqg-qpw`y czlm b mlwdpbid almmwdipy id Hgzagolsidb&Gphdlfloib Gwzl~bgb& slf :? (:)

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Jfbae& Z (:>>2)& Zgpwzd bd` Zgaldqpzwapild id Jlqdib-Hgz{golsidb; Miqqido Fide& lz Miqpbegd ^zilzipy<& QBIQ Zgsig& Slf :2&

Dwmjgz :& Qwmmgz-Cbff :>>2& phg Klhdq Hl~eidq Wdisgzqipy^zgqq

Jzbh& B (2993)& Abzplozb~higq lc @ibq~lzb; Aldpgqpido I`gdpipigq&Zlwpfgòg& Fld`ld

Jwlzìgw& ^ Phg Clzmq lc Ab~ipbf & w Klhd& Ziahbz`qld (g`)&Hbd`jlle lc Phglzy bd` Zgqgbzah clz phg Qlailfloy lc G`wabpild&Ozggdll` ^zgqq& Dg Ylze& 2983

A K Bzphwz (g` ) (299:) Mbzx’q Ab~ipbf Fbzgdag # _iqhbzp



AK Bzphwz (g`) (299:)& Mbzx q Ab~ipbf & Fbzgdag # _iqhbzp&Fld`ld

Abm~jgff& @ (2998)& Dbpildbf @galdqpzwapild; Silfgdag& I gdpipybd` Kwqpiag id Jlqdib& Wdisgzqipy lc Middgqlpb zgqq& Middgb~lfiq

Aficclz`& K (299?)& Zlwpgq; Pzbsgf bd` Pzbdqfbpild id phg fbpgPgdpigph Agdpwzy Abmjziòg& MB; Hbzsbz` Wdisgzqipy ^zgqq

Alhgd& Z (299?)& Ofljbf @ibq~lzbq - bd Idpzl`wapild& Wdisgzqipylc _bqhidopld ^zgqq& Qgbppfg

Alfia-^giqegz& S (:>>:)& Phg ~zlagqq lc almmwdipy bd` i`gdpipyjwifìdo bmldo zgagdpfy bzzisg` Jlqdibd Mwqfim zgcwoggq id_gqpgzd Bwqpzbfib& Mlpq ^fwzigfq& Dl:2& Mby :>>:

Alwohfbd& Z # Lgdq-Mbdfgy& K (:>>7)& Qwzsisido _bz& Qpbzpido Lsgz; B`b~pbpild l Jlqdibd Zgcwoggq id W~qpbpg Dg Ylze & w

_bxmbd& ^ # Alfia-^giqegz& S (g`q) Hlmgfbd` _bdpg`;Idpgzìqai~fidbzy ^gzq~gapisgq ld Zgcwogg Zgqgppfgmgdp id phg_gqp& Dlsb Qaigdag ^wjfiqhgzq& Dg Ylze

:20 ^ZGOFG@



Hbfiflsiah& H (:>>3j)& Bwqqig Jlqdibdq czlm Ogzmbdy; Zgaldqpzwapido I gdpipy& id Flabf Ofljbf& Slf:& ZMIP ^wjfiqhido

Hbff& Q (299>)& Awfpwzbf I`gdpipy bd` @ibq~lzb& w Zwphgclz`& K(g`) I`gdpipy; Almmwdipy& Awfpwzg& @iccgzgdag& Fbzgdag #_iqhbzp& Fld`ld

Hbsgziď& @Ŵ (2999)& Jlqbdqei Mwqfimbdi w Bwqpzbfiki; Hiqplzikqei ~zgofg` & Ozb~hia [ldg& Mgfjlwzdg

Hgmld& B (:>>>)& Phg Rwgqpild lc Jzwdl& Dbd B Pbfgqg,Zbd`lmHlwqg& Dg Ylze

Hgmld& B (:>>:)& Dl _hgzg Mbd& îab`lz& Lxclz`

Hwdpidopld& Q (2993)& Phg Afbqh lc Aisifi{bpildq bd` phg Zgmbeido

lc _lzf` Lz`gz & Qimld # Qahwqpgz& Dg YlzeImbmlsiď& M (2993)& JlŢdkbai w gmiozbaiki; mldlozbcikb‖Jlqbdqeih ~lofg`b”& JlŢdkbčei idqpipwp [wgziah - l`kgf Qbzbkgsl&Qbzbkgsl

Kbmgq& (:>>3)& Ofljbfiqm& Dbpildbfiqm& Pzijbfiqm& Qbog& Fld`ld

Ebzbhbqbd& @Ŵ (2990)& Qbzbkgsl& Gxl`wq lc b Aipy& El`bdqhbIdpgzdbpildbf& Fld`ld

Ebzbhbqbd @Ŵ (2997) @dgsdie qgfi`jg @wzigwx [bozgj



Ebzbhbqbd& @Ŵ (2997)& @dgsdie qgfi`jg& @wzigwx& [bozgj

Egffy& F (:>>1)& Jlqdibd Zgcwoggq id Jzipbid& Rwgqpildido Almmwdipy& Qlailfloy& Slf 1?& Dl 2& JQB ^wjfiabpildq Fp`

Fbsiď& Q (:>>7)& I{mgĒw ~gzicgzikg i agdpzb& @GQ& Qbzbkgsl

Flszgdlsiď& I (:>>2)& Jlqdib; B Awfpwzbf Hiqplzy& Dg Ylze Wdisgzqipy ^zgqq& Dg Ylze

Fwabq& ZGJ (:>>0)& ‖Idpgzdbpildbf Miozbpild pl phg Hioh IdalmgAlwdpzigq; Qlmg Aldqgrwgdagq clz Galdlmia @gsgfl~mgdp id phgQgdìdo Alwdpzigq”& Bddwbf Jbde Aldcgzgdag ld @gsgfl~mgdpGaldlmiaq

Mbhmwpčghbkiď& Z (:>>>)& Jlqdib phg Oll` & Agdpzbf Gwzl~gbdWdisgzqipy ^zgqq& Jw`b~gqp

Mbfalfm& D (2990)& Jlqdib B Qhlzp Hiqplzy& DYW ^zgqq& DgYlze

:23 ^ZGOFG@

Mbpqwl& H (:>>7)& Jlqdibd Zgcwogg Zgqgppfgmgdp id Qp Flwiq& Miqqwlzi& w _bxmbd& ^ # Alfia-^giqegz& S (g`q) Hlmgfbd`_bdpg`; Idpgzìqai~fidbzy ^gzq~gapisgq ld Zgcwogg Zgqgppfgmgdpid phg _gqp& Dlsb Qaigdag ^wjfiqhgzq& Dg Ylze

Mwkeiď& B (:>>3)& Gwzl~b& zgfioikb i fijgzbfdb `gmlezbaikb& w;

Asipelsiď& I # Bjb{lsiď& @ (g`q) Zgfioikb i gwzl~qeg idpgozbaikg&Mboiqpzbp& Qbzbkgsl

Lzgff& O (2978)& Bdimbf Cbzm& ^gdowid& Fld`ld

^wpdbm& Z (:>>>)& Jlfido Bfldg; Phg Alffb~qg bd` Zgsisbf lc Bmgziabd Almmwdipy& Qimld # Qahwqpgz& Dg Ylze

Zb~~lzp& D # @bqld& B (g`q) (2998)& Miozbdpq lc I`gdpipy; ^gzag~pild lc Hlmg id b _lzf` lc Mlsgmgdp & Jgzo& Lxclz`

Zljidqld& O # ^ljzia& B (:>>3)& Dbpildbfiqm bd` I`gdpipy id ^lqp-@bypld Baalz`q Jlqdib-Hgz{golsidb& Pik`qahzicp sllz Galdlmiqahg gd Qlaibfg Oglozbcig& Slf 9?& Dl 1& phg Zlybf@wpah Oglozb~hiabf Qlaigpy EDBO& Jfbaegff wjfiqhido Fp`&Lxclz`

Qbczbd& _ (2992)& @ibq~lzbq id ml`gzd qlaigpigq; myphq lc hlmgfbd` bd` zgpwzd& w @ibq~lzb 2(2)

Qahiffgz O Jbqah F # Q{bdpld-Jfbda A (2999) Pzbdqdbpildbfiqm;



Qahiffgz O& Jbqah& F # Q{bdpld-Jfbda& A (2999)& Pzbdqdbpildbfiqm; B Dg Bdbfypia Czbmglze clz Wd gzqpbd ido Miozbpild& w SgzplsgaQ # Alhgd& Z (g`q) Miozbpild& @ibq~lzbq bd` Pzbdqdbpildbfiqm&G`bz` Gfobz& ^wjfiqhido Fp`& Ahgfpgdhbm

Qahbzp{& Q (:>>7)& Qbzbkgsl Zlqg; B Jbfebd Kgiqh Dlpgjlle&Qbri, Phg Jlqdibd Idqpipwpg& Fld`ld

Qhb~id& Q (2990)& B Qlaibf Hiqplzy lc Pzwph& Phg Wdsigzqipy lc Ahiabol ^zgqq& Ahiabol

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QezjiŢ& [ (2999)& Fldo-@iqpbdag Dbpildbfiqm-@ibq~lzbq& Hlmgfbd qbd` I`gdpipigq& Bf`gzqhlp& Bqhobpg

Qlgff& P (2993)& Miozbpildq bd` Awfpwzg; B _lzf` Sig& JbqiaJlleq& Dg Ylze

:2?^ZGOFG@

Qpgogz& M (:>>7)& Ofljbfiqm; Mbzegp I`glfloy mggpq Pgzzlziqm&Zlmbd # Fippfgcigf` ^wjfiqhgzq& Fbdhbm

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::: ^ZGOFG@

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::1^ZGOFG@

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II

Hiqplzikqei `leb{ l ~zslm qplfkgďw ~lqplkbdkb ~zsih qfbsgd-

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kg mwfpigpdičeb& mwfpizgfioikqeb i mwfpiewfpwzbfdb Jlqdb i Hgzag-olsidb& {gmfkb jgqezbkdg idq~izbaikg elkb kg w lslm ~lofg`w zbzipgp

w qsikgpw& pl kgqp qskgpqeb ~lqgjiplqp

::0 ^ZGOFG@

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dbkskgzlkbpdikb gpimlfloikb zikgči Qfbsgd& QflsgdSi`kgpi M Imbmlsiď& Jlqdib bd` Hgz{golsidb& gslfwpild lc ipq ~lfipiabf bd` fgobf idqpipwpildq& Qbzbkgsl& Mboiqpzbp& :>>3& qpz 3-?

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~zi~b`b ljlmb& `ljzl kg ifwqpzizbdi cgdlmgd elki kg ~l{dbp ebl jlowmifqpsl ifi ‘Azesb jlqbdqeb‘ Q~gaicičdb Azesb jlqbdqeb ifi jlqbdqeb hgzg{b jifb kg i{zb{ lp~lzb Jlqdg i ‘`ljzih JlŢdkbdb’sfb`bzimb ezŢďbdqeg azesg& i ji{bdpqeg w Eldqpbdpidl~lfkw& iZimqeg kg`dbel pbel Jlqbdqeb azesb kg jifb i{zb{ ljb bq~gepblp~lzb& `whlsdlo i ~lfipičelo& b jlowmifqeb hgzg{b kg dgqpbfb isgďidb qfkg`jgdieb Azesg jlqbdqeg ~ziozfifb kg iqfbm (db~lqg si`kgpi;Klhd SB Cidg& Phg Jlqdibd Ahwzah; B Dg Idpgz~zgpbpild ‑ BQpw`y lc phg Jlqdibd Ahwzah bd` Ipq fbag id Qpbpg bd` Qlaigpy czlmphg 21ph bd` 27ph Agdpwzigq Jlwf`gz; 29?7)0 [b~zbsl& w{imbkwďi w

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~zlčipbpi w dgeim hiqplzikqeim ~zieb{imb w lslk zgoiki

Pglzikb elkw i{dlqg mdloi jlqbdqei hiqplzičbzi i idpgfgepwbfai kgqpg ldb `b kg Azesb jlqbdqeb i{zbsdl jifb sg{bdb db lsbk



q~lmgdwpi ~zlagq iqfbmi{baikg Jlqdg Db lslm jih mkgqpw Ŵgfil ~zi`l`bpi ~lmbfl ~ljlzbsfkgdw sg{w ‑ jbzgm ~gp qplfkgďb qpbzlo`lqfwhb i eldpbebpb ~zikg pwzqeg sfb`bsidg Jlqdlm& jlqbdqegzbdg eldpbepg q kwŴdlm Ipbfiklm i Qiaifiklm Hiqplzikqei& `ljzl kg

~l{dbpb čidkgdiab `b kg ewfpwzlflŢeb zb{dlfielqp i zgfioikqeb

plfgzbdaikb i{ zb{`ljfkb mwqfimbdqeg w~zbsg ~l` Ebfji` ìdbqpiklm jifb pb elkb kg db~zbsifb l` bfgzmb ofbsdi ozb` qiaifikqelo gmizbpb&elki kg pl dbqpbsil jipi i ~l` sfb`bsidlm Dlzmbdb& elki qw lqslkifi

::7^ZGOFG@

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jlobpikih ozb`lsb w Gwzl~i i& qwefb`dl hiqplzičbzw Klhdw Kwfiwqw Dlziahw& ^bfgzml kg ~l` w~zbslm Dlzmbdb ~lqpbl jlobpiki l`pb`bŢdkg Gdofgqeg Bfi& dbeld qbml kg`dlo qplfkgďb dlzmbdqeb

kg idbqpikb Hbwpgsiffg i{wmzfb i kwŴdldkgmbčeb (Qbjib) ìdbqpikbHlhgdqpbwcgdb w~zbsfkbfb kg l` 2290& ~zihsbpbkwďi pbelĒgz bfg-zml ebl ofbsdi ozb` Qiaifikg l` 2::> olìdg MgĒwpim& flebfdimwqfimbdqel-ezŢďbdqei qwelji& elki qw jifi ~lp~bfkisbdi l` eziŴbzb&gqebfizbfi qw pikgelm ~lqfkg`dkgo zb{`ljfkb& i 2::0 olìdg Czg`gziae II& wdwe Zlogzb II& ~zlpkgzbl kg ~zglqpbfg Bzb~g qb Qiaifikg7

Ldl Ţpl kg sbŴdl b ~lpazpbml db lslm mkgqpw kgqp hiqplzikqebčidkgdiab `b kg Jlqdb i Hgzagolsidb qzgìŢdkb kwŴdlqfbsgdqeb

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‑ Jlqdw ‑ i{w{gpelm mgĒw dkg{idim dbkdg~lqg`dikim i dbk-w`bfkgdikim jbfebdqeim `zŴbsbmb3 Lpw`b& {bhsbfkwkwďi qslklk

7 Si`kgpi db~lqg szikg`dw cifl{lcqew edkiow i{ lslo zb{`ljfkb; Ijd Qbj’id

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::3 ^ZGOFG@

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:18 ^ZGOFG@





W@E 123??:0(09?3)(>091)

Fgkfb Pwzčifl

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{b mgìkg& eldcgzgdaikbmb {b Ţpbm~w i `zwoim ljfiaimb l`dlqb

q kbsdlŢďw wpkgabpi db clzmizbdkg bogd`g& l`dlqdl db qpbsfkbdkgdb kbsdw zbq~zbsw ldih ~ipbdkb elkb qw im l` {dbčbkb i idpgzgqb&`le q `zwog qpzbdg ~lfkg w elkgm qg `ldlqg ~lfipičeg l`fwegwofbsdlm lqpbkg {bpslzgdl {b kbsdlqp @b ji l~zbs`bfi lsw szqpwiqefkwčisbdkb kbsdlqpi i{ ~lqpi{bdkb eldqgd{wqb eb` kg zikgč l`ldlŢgdkw qwŢpidqei jipdih l`fweb& ~lfipičei bepgzi ljičdl qfikg`gbzowmgdp `b kg ‖~lfipičei qiqpgm elmg qw {b `ldlŢgdkg ~lfipičeihl`fweb dgl~hl`dg qpbfdg eldqwfpbaikg qb Ţizlelm ~wjfielm w

~lp~wdlqpi dg~zbepičbd” (Ůpbmjwe& 2999)& ~b qg wmkgqpl qw`kg-flsbdkb w kbsdim gjbpbmb l dgelm ~lfipičelm ~ipbdkw ozbĒbdimb`bkg kgìdl mlowďdlqp `b ~wpgm PS gezbdb ~zbpg {bqkg`bdkb

~bzfbmgdpb ifi `b& q szgmgdb db szikgmg& ~lqpbsg ~ipbdkg dgelml` olqpikw w ~lfipičeim mbob{idimb I dgei ~zg`qpbsdiai mgĒw-dbzl`dg {bkg`diag& eb` kg zikgč l slĒgdkw ~zgolslzb l qw`jid-qeim ~ipbdkimb jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčeg ~lfipieg i `zwŢpsb& imbkw

jlkb{bd `b ji ‖~lfipičbzi mlofi ~llŢpzipi qslkg qpbslsg i qmbdkipi ~zbo plfgzbdaikg i q~zgmdlqpi db ~zgolslzg welfiel jw`w ~l`qpbfdim lelm ‘Sgfielo jzbpb‘ idebzdizbdlo w kbsdlqpi iq~zg` PSgezbdb& kgz ji ih kbsdlqp mlofb qmbpzbpi qfbjim welfiel mikgdkbkw

k ji i č č e ” ( ďeiď



qslkg ~zsljipdg qpbslsg i{ čbqb w čbq plelm ~zgolslzb” (Slďeiď-Bs`boiď& :>>:)& ~b qg mgìki iqefkwčwkw i{ ~zgolslzb Pbel kgdbksgďi ìl ~zgolslzb l wqpbsdim ~zlmkgdbmb w Jlqdi i Hgzag-olsidi w cgjzwbzw i mbzpw :>>3 slĒgd ‖i{b {bpslzgdih szbpb”& b

kbsdlqp kg lqpbsfkgdb `b ‖čipb i{mgĒw zg`lsb” ~zgqq zgfgbqgg: ii{kbsg ~lfipičbzb

Ldl Ţpl kg pbelĒgz jipdl {b~b{ipi kgqp ~lfipičei ìqewzq elki qgqfikgì w kbsdim `gjbpbmb& l`dlqdl kg{ie elkim ~lfipičei bepgziljkbŢdkbsbkw `zwŢpsgdg i ~lfipičeg cgdlmgdg i ~zlagqg w Jlqdi iHgzagolsidi MlŴgml& wskgpdl& zgďi `b kg olslz mzŴdkg mgĒw

~lfipičeim bepgzimb wdgelfiel qmbdkgd w l`dlqw db ~gzil` dg~l-

:00 ^ZGOFG@

: ^zgqq zgfgbqg (gdof) ‑ qbl~ďgdkg {b mgìkg

qzg`dl dbeld zbpb& bfi ob kg {bmikgdil olslz {bmbofkisbdkb ~lfipičeg qpsbzdlqpi i miqpiciaizbdkb ~lfipičeih bepgzb$ Dbimg& elziqpg qg jzlkdi qpzbdi i{zb{i& pwĒiag& dlsg elsbdiag& čgqpl w ~lozgŢdlm{dbčgdkw i ~lozgŢdlm eldpgeqpw (‖`wjil{bd ~ziqpw~ ~zljfgmimb”&‖~zljfgm kg pbzogpizbd” i qf)& čimg qg qpsbzb ~zisi` `b qw ~zljfgmi

jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčeg ~lfipičeg qpsbzdlqpi ezw~di& pgŢel zkgŢisi

i pgŢei {b zb{wmkgpi ‖ljičdim” ozbĒbdimb& Ţpl `bkg qslkgszqpbd‖bfiji” ~lfipičeim bepgzimb {b midimbfdl ìqgmidizbdkg ~lfipičeih ~lzweb l efkwčdim ~ipbdkimb {b Jlqdw i Hgzagolsidw

^lfipičeb kbsdlqp i mgìki

Jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčeb ~lfipičeb kbsdlqp klŢ wsikge kgzb{ìkgfkgdb ~l dbaildbfdlk& eldcgqildbfdlk& ~b i pglziplzikbfdlk

lqdlsi& jbŢ ebl Ţpl kg zb{ìkgfkgd i mgìkqei ~zlqplz KlŢ kg`db jipdb ìcgzgdaikbaikb jh kbsdlqpi kg db p{s —wdwpbzdkw‖ kbsdlqp(ozbĒbdi elki Ŵisg w JiH) i ~zlqplzdl ìqflaizbdw kbsdlqp (elkwčidi jh ìkbq~lzb) Pbel i{ìkgfkgdb kbsdlqp w qpbdkw kg qslkgszqdgb~bpikg i zikgpel db kbsdlk qagdi eziqpbfi{izb qslkg miŢfkgdkg elkg

ji wpkgabfl db ~lfipičeg bepgzg Mdloi bdbfipičbzi w Jlqdi i Hgzag-olsidi ebl ofbsdw qfbjlqp ~lfipičeg elmwdiebaikg dbsl`g w~zbslelmwdiebaikqew dgbepisdlqp ozbĒbdb OzbĒbdi pbelĒgz ljičdl

~zbpg fimipizbd jzlk mgìkb& i pl i{ siŢg zb{flob; zbìkqei ~zlozbmiwofbsdlm qfwŴg {b {bjbsw& ~b gmipizbkw mw{ičei i zgefbmdi

~zlozbm& PS gmiqikg& ~lqgjdl `dgsdiai& qfičg kg`db db `zwow& beb`b qg w dkimb ~ziebŴw dbksbŴdiki dgsdi lobĒbki ldi qg qwpzb`bd



k ~ k k o k ~lkbsg i w `dgsdim dlsidbmb& olplsl w iqplm ljfiew5 eb`b ozb-Ēbdi ~zlčipbkw kg`dg `dgsdg dlsidg ebl `b qw ~zlčipbfi qsg& `le

kg aikgdb qg`mičdg Ţpbm~g& elkb qg wofbsdlm jbsi iqpzbŴisbčeim

dlsidbzqpslm& klŢ wsikge ~zifičdl siqleb {b ~zlqkgčdg jlqbdqel-hgzagolsbčeg ozbĒbdgMlŴgml zgďi `b qw i mgìki& bfi i ~lfipičeb kbsdlqp lqpbsifi

~zifičdl sgfiei i lpslzgd ~zlqplz ~lfipičeim bepgzimb {b —ezgizbdkg`dgsdlo zg`b‖ ~l ~zidai~w; —bogdaikqeb sikgqp % qbl~ďgdkg {bmgìkg % ~zgqq eldcgzgaikb % i{kbsg ofbqdlolslzdieb %zb{olslzi qb geq~gzpimb w qpwìkw l wdb~zikg` {b`bpim pgmbmb‖(Zb`lkelsiď& :>>1) QfwŴjg {b l`dlqg q kbsdlqpimb ~lfipičeihbepgzb {b mdlog mgìkg ~lqpbfg qw sl`gďim i{slzlm idclzmbaikb&

:07^ZGOFG@

b wqfikg` dg`lslfkdg elm~gpgdaikg kbsdlqpi lsbel ezgizbdi qb`zŴbkiqg i zgai~izbkw ebl idclzmbaikg Pbel ~lfipičei bepgzi ezgizbkwqpsbzdlqp& mgìki kg qbml ~lqzg`wkw& b ozbĒbdi ~zihsbpbkw eblolpls čid Mdlob qwŢpidqeb& Ŵislpdb ~ipbdkb& čgqpl lqpbkw {bmb-qeizbdb ~zg` pgmbmb i{ `lmgdb p{s —siqleg ~lfipieg‖ OzbĒbdidiqw qplob w sgfielk mkgzi q~zgmdi b qw`kgfwkw w kbsdlk& ~lfipičelk

elmwdiebaiki& kgz im kg qpslzgd lqkgďbk `b plm geq~zgqisdlmìmgd{iklm ~lfipieg (`befg& elmwdiebaiklm) di db elki dbčid dgmlow wpkgabpi db ldw idqpzwmgdpbfdw ìmgd{ikw (qpsbzdg gcgepg

~lfipičelo `kgflsbdkb) Iqplszgmgdl& —pzbìaildbfdg ozbdiag o`kg ~lfipieb {bszŢbsb& b {bjbsb ~lčidkg siŢg dg szikg`g‖ (Qpzggp&:>>1)& ~b l{jifkdg ~lfipičeg idclzmbaikg jisbkw {bmikgdkgdgidclpbidmgdplm1 & Ţpl kbsdlqpi qbml qpsbzb ~zisi` `b ~zbpgďi

~zisbpdi Ŵislp ~lfipičbzb& {bjbsdg qb`zŴbkg elki l~iqwkw dkihls

zg` abz~gp fycgqpyfg0 i qf {b~zbsl qw`kgfwkw w ~lfipičelm Ŵislpw

[befkwčbe

Jlqbdqelhgzagolsbčeb ~lfipičeb qagdb i elmwdiebaikb dbdklk kg& `befg& w zb{slkw& bfi pbk zb{slk l`sikb qg q~lzl i pzgjbp ďg`lqpb i szgmgdb i db~lzb `b qg qpslzg dgl~hl`di wskgpi {b`gagdpzbfi{izbdw& ~fwzbfiqpičew i siŢgqmkgzdw ~lfipičew elmwdiebaikw

W Jlqdi i Hgzagolsidi klŢ wsikge dikg i{szŢgdb pzbd{iaikb l` ~lfipičelo idclzmizbdkb (w elkgm qw ozbĒbdi ljkgep idclzmbaikg&b ~lfipičei bepgzi dkgd ezgbplz& l`dlqdl qwjkgep ) w ~lfipičelelmwdiaizbdkg (elkg ji ~l`zb{wmikgsbfl ell~gzbaikw i ellzìdbaikw

fipičeih ep i fipiče k pi k k i) @ ji `



~lfipičeih bepgzb i ~lfipičeg kbsdlqpi db kbsdlk qagdi) @b ji `llsg pzbdqclzmbaikg lŢfl& dgl~hl`dl kg zb{sikbpi elmwdiebaikqeg&bfi i ~lfipičeg elm~gpgdaikg i ~lfipičeih bepgzb i ~lfipičeg kbsdlqpi&

~b kg efkwčdb zikgč {b wdb~zgĒgdkg ~lfipičeg elmwdiebaikg wJlqdi i Hgzagolsidi; g`webaikb

:03 ^ZGOFG@

1 Idclpbidmgdp (gdof) - elsbdiab l` idclzmbpild (idclzmbaikb) igdpgzpbidmgdp ({bjbsb) ‑ dbčid ~zieb{isbdkb idclzmbaikb db {bjbsbd dbčid

0 Zg` abz~gp fycgqpyfg (gdof) ‑ Ŵislp db azsgdlm pg~ihw - ofbmwzl{bdŴislpdi qpif& Ŵislp db siqlelk dl{i

Fipgzbpwzb;

- Zb`lkelsiď& Mizlfkwj (:>>1)& ^lfipičeb elmwdiebaikb wQzjiki& db; hpp~;,,$zg~wjfiab$al$yw

- Qbzaidgffi& Wfziah (2998)& ^lfipiesgzmippfwdo wd` @gmlezbpigid `gz Mgìgdogqgffqahbcp & _gqp`gwpqahgz Sgzfbo& _igqjb`gd

- Qpzggp& Klhd (:>>1)& Mbqlsdi mgìki& ~lfipieb i `gmlezbaikb&^lfipičeb miqbl& [bozgj

- Ůpbmjwe& Sfbìmiz (2999)& Idpgzdgp i ~lfipieb& Sgz{bf ~zgqq&Jglozb`

- Slďeiď-Bs`boiď& Kgfgdeb (:>>:)& Qwszgmgdg elmwdiebaikg- dg,qiowzdb iozb qsikgpb& Cbewfpgp ~lfipičeih dbweb& Qbzbkgsl

- Slďeiď-Bs`boiď& Kgfgdeb (:>>:)& ^lfipičel elmwdiaizbdkg i

`gmlezbpqeb eldqlfi`baikb& Agdpbz {b ~zlmlaikw aisifdlo`zwŢpsb& Qbzbkgsl



:0?^ZGOFG@



W^WPB [B BWPLZGELKI @LQPBSFKBKW QSLKG ZB@LSG

[B ‖^ZGOFG@”

^l{isbml bwplzg `b `lqpbsfkbkw qslkg zb`lsg i ~ziflog elkiqb`zŴbkgm lòlsbzbkw lqdlsdim pgmbpqeim l~zg`kgfkgdkimb‖^zgofg`”-b W čbql~iqw ljkbsfkwkgml zb`lsg elki ~l`fikgŴw zgagd{ikii ldg elki dg ~l`fikgŴw plm ~lqpw~ew Zb`lsi qg ebpgolzi{izbkw wqfkg`gďg lqdlsdg ebpgolzikg;

- i{slzdi dbwčdi čfbdai- i{fbobdkb qb dbwčdih i qpzwčdih qew~lsb

- qpzwčdi čfbdai- lqszpi- ~zieb{i- ~zifl{i- ~zikgslì

Ljkbsfkwkgml;

b) i{slzdg dbwčdg čfbdeg elki qb`zŴg `l qb`b dgljkbsfkgdgzg{wfpbpg iqpzbŴisbdkb elkb elzgq~ldìzbkw qb lqdlsdlmmiqiklm čbql~iqb

j) i{fbobdkg qb dbwčdlo i qpzwčdlo qew~b& w{ wskgp b ~zgphl dldikg ljkbsfkgdl w {jlzdiew zb`lsb qew~b



a) qpzwčdg čfbdeg elki dw`g elziqdg ~zikg`flog {b l`zgĒgdgqpzweg i ~zi plmg dg mlzbkw ljbsg{dl qb`zŴbsbpi i{slzdbiqpzbŴisbdkb bwplzb

`) lqszpg db {bdimfkisg i elziqdg ~wjfiebaikg elkg qw w qefb`wqb lqdlsdlm miqiklm čbql~iqb

g) ~zieb{g {bdimfkisih i {b qpzwew elziqdih qpwìkb& {jlzdiebi `zwoih qpzwčdih ~wjfiebaikb

c) elziqdg ~ziflog i{ qpzweg i {b qpzwew b dg mlzbkw ~zg`qpb-sfkbpi i{slzdb iqpzbŴisbdkb

o) ~zikgsl`g `lqb` dgljkbsfkgdih čfbdbeb elki lòlsbzbkw

lqdlsdlk miqiki čbql~iqb

:09^ZGOFG@

@b ji jifi ljkbsfkgdi w čbql~iqw& zb`lsi pzgjbkw iq~wdipi qfkg`gďgwskgpg;

2 Zb`lsi pzgjbkw jipi w ~iqbdlk clzmi (Pimgq Dg Zlmbd&cldp - 2:)& w{ ~ziflo lòlsbzbkwďg iqegpg& elki qg Ţbfkw

~lŢplm ifi gfgepzldqeim ~wpgm

: Dbqflsi pzgjbkw jipi kbqdi i idclzmbpisdi1 Pgeqplsi qpzwčdih zb`lsb pzgjbkw& w qfwčbkgsimb eb`b

gfbjlzizbkw ~lkgìdg qgomgdpg kg`dlo ~zljfgmb& qb`zŴbsbpieldai{dg ~l`dbqflsg

0 W fikgslm olzdkgm wofw dbqflsdg qpzbdiag zwel~iqb pzgjbkwqpbkbpi img i ~zg{img bwplzb& {sbdkg i db{is wqpbdlsg welklk zbì

7 W qfwčbkgsimb eb`b qg elziqpg ezbpiag i qimjlfi& w{ zb`mlzbkw ljbsg{dl jipi ~ziflŴgdb ljkbŢdkgdkb3 Qsbei zb` pzgjb qb`zŴbsbpi dbqfls ~bzbfgfdl db j,h,q i

db gdofgqelm kg{iew& iq~zg` pgeqpb qbŴgp ~zieb{ bwplzqeggfbjlzbaikg pgmg& w pzgďgm fiaw& dg siŢg l` :7> zikgčidb j,h,q i db gdofgqelm kg{iew (ipbfia,ewz{is)& efkwčdgzikgči db j,h,q i db gdofgqelm kg{iew (ipbfia,ewz{is)& ebl

i q~iqbe elziŢpgdg fipgzbpwzg db ezbkw zb`b$ Jg{ dbsg`gdihgfgmgdbpb dikg`bd zb` dgďg jipi ljkbsfkgd$? Ljim zwel~iqb kg lozbdičgd& w ~zbsifw& `l kg`dlo (2)

bwplzqelo pbjbeb,bzeb& l`dlqdl Ţgqdbgqp (23) ebzpiab8 W zb`lsimb ďg qg ~lŢplsbpi kg{ie bwplzb (jlqbdqei& hzsbpqei



ifi qz~qei)& ebl i ~iqml pgeqpb (fbpidiab ifi ďizifiab)

Zb`lsg qfbpi db;Zg`beaikb ‖^zgofg`b”& Wdisgz{ipgp w Qbzbkgsw&Ljbfb Ewfidb jbdb ?,II& ?2>>> Qbzbkgsld,z o-Ēb Cwb`b Mwqfiď& qgezgpbz zg`beaikgpgf; ::2-903& g-mbif; kbsdlqpNwdqb$jb

:7> ^ZGOFG@

Pregled [godina 47, broj 3; maj-avgust 2006.]

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