Prefiks me-

PREFIX ME-

Presented by:

Itsna Husnia Sari :)

WE ARE GOING TO TALK ABOUT PREFIX ME-

MATERIALS..

1 Awalan me- (Prefix me-)

2 Me- + Kata Kerja (Me- + Verb)

A. Me- + Kata Kerja Transitif (Me- + Transitive Verbs)

B. Me- + Kata Kerja Intransitif (Me- + Intransitive Verbs)

3 Me- + Kata Benda (Me- + Noun)

4 Me- + Kata Sifat (Me- + Adjective)

5 Me- + Kata Bilangan (Me- + Numbers)

6 Me- + Kata Tempat (Me- + Places)

7 Me- + Kata Seru (Me- + Expletive)

Prefix me- is used to form active verbs. You may

combine any nouns, any adjective, numbers, and

even verbs themselves to form another verb.

Prefixing any words with me- would require a

minor spelling change (inflection) in order to

facilitate a smooth transition in pronunciation. The

inflection is based solely on the first letter of the

original word.

THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF CONSONANT

MUTATION, SEE THE TABLE..

NOTE:

Since original Indonesian words have no q, x,

and z, the inflection is adapted from the existing

ones. The q and x words would

follow g rules, z words would follow j words.

Other initial letters (l, m, n, r, w, and y) don't

have spelling changes.

If the word is monosyllabic (only has one

syllable), regardless of the first letter of the

word, the me- always turns into menge-, then

add the word. For example: cat (= paint)

→mengecat (= to paint), bor (= boring tool / drill)

→ mengebor (= to make a hole with drill).

ME- + KATA KERJA (ME- + VERB)

Verbs can be combined with me- prefix. The

meaning is exactly the same as the infinitive. The

semantics may be different depending on the type

of verbs. To refresh our mind, there are two kinds

of verbs in Indonesian:

Transitive verbs (verbs that can have objects)

Intransitive verbs (verbs that cannot have objects,

[almost] equivalent to reflexive verbs)

ME- + KATA KERJA TRANSITIF (ME- + TRANSITIVE VERBS)

Transitive verbs can not be used in a sentence in

their infinitive forms, except for a few words

(e.g. makan (= to eat), minum (= to drink)). So, in

order to use it, you must conjugate it with me- or

some other prefixes.

Example:

Saya memakan roti (= I eat [a slice of] bread)

Dia menulis buku (= He/she writes [a] book(s))

ME- + KATA KERJA INTRANSITIF (ME- + INTRANSITIVE VERBS)

Unlike transitive verbs, only a few of intransitive

verbs can be conjugated with me-.

Example:

Dia menangis (= He/she cries)

Most intransitive verbs must be used in their

infinitive forms (e.g. tidur (= to sleep)) or use

other affixes.

Note that, the sense of transitivity is not the

same with other languages like Spanish. Here

the word tari (= to dance) is considered

intransitive. Wati menari (= Wati dances)

ME- + KATA BENDA (ME- + NOUN)When me- prefix is combined with a noun, the new word could mean one of the following:

To put the noun on some other nouncat (= paint) → mengecat (= to paint)e.g. Bapak mengecat tembok (= Father paint the wall).

To indicate that the subject turns into the noun (most of the times, figuratively)

batu (= stone) → membatu (= to turn to stone)e.g. Dia membatu (= He/she turns to stone [figuratively, to indicate that he/she doesn't move for hours])

kuping (= ear) → menguping (= to turn to ear [i.e. to eavesdrop])

To produce the nounsambal (= chili) → menyambal (= to make chili)Comment: Indonesian rarely use this notion, but Malay do. Indonesian people usually prefer the phrase "membuat sambal" instead.

To do work with the nounbajak (= plow) → membajak (= to plow)Note: Membajak can also mean to hijack.

Note:

The trickiest part of me- is when it is being combined with noun.

Not all nouns can be combined with me- and the meaning is

highly dependant on the culture.

ME- + KATA SIFAT (ME- + ADJECTIVE)

When combined with adjective, the me- prefix indicates the subject changes more into or to turn to the indicated adjective. For example:

Besar (= big) → membesar (= to become bigger)

Kecil (= small) → mengecil (= to become smaller)

Panas (= hot) → memanas (= to become hotter)

Panjang (= long) → memanjang (= to become longer)

Putih (= white) → memutih (= to turn white)

Kuning (= yellow) → menguning (= to turn yellow)

Note: Adjective that describes emotions cannot be combined with me-.

ME- + KATA BILANGAN (ME- + NUMBERS)

The only numbers that can be conjugated

with me- are satu (= one) and dua (= two).

Satu → menyatu (= to unite)

Dua → mendua (= to split into two)

Perhatiannya mendua (= His attention is split

into two [i.e. not focused])

Hatinya mendua (= His heart is split into two

[not loyal])

ME- + KATA TEMPAT (ME- + PLACES)

When combined with places, me- would

indicate that the subject is going to the said

place.

Udara (= air) → mengudara (= to go to the air

[for radio/tv program or airplane])

Laut (= sea) → melaut (= to go to the sea [for

ships/sailors])

Darat (= ground/land) → mendarat (= to land

[for ships/airplane])

Seberang (= across) → menyeberang (= to

cross [the street, sea, river])

ME- + KATA SERU (ME- + EXPLETIVE)

Note that the expletives doesn't mean swear

words here, but rather the words that mimic

sounds. For example: "Moo", "Baa", "Quack", etc.

When expletives are combined with me-, it

indicates that the subject produces the indicated

sound.

Aum (= tiger roar) → mengaum (= to roar like

tigers)

Lenguh (= moo) → melenguh (= to moo like cows)

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION .. ^^