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Prefabricated building 1

Prefabricated buildingPrefabricated building is a type of building that consists of several factory-built components or units that areassembled on-site to complete the unit.

Construction of a prefabricated modular house(Click here for a time-lapse video)

Prefabricated Housing

Uninhabited prefabricated council houses inSeacroft, Leeds, UK

"Prefabricated" may refer to buildings built in components (e.g.panels), modules (modular homes) or transportable sections(manufactured homes), and may also be used to refer to mobile homes,i.e., houses on wheels. Although similar, the methods and design of thethree vary wildly. There are two-level home plans, as well as customhome plans. There are considerable differences in the constructiontypes. Mobile and manufactured houses are constructed in accordancewith the HUD building codes in the U.S. while modular houses areconstructed in accordance with the IBC (International Building Code).

•• Modular homes are created in sections, and then transported to thehome site for construction and installation. These are typicallyinstalled and treated like a regular house, for financing, appraisal and construction purposes, and are usually themost expensive of the three. Although the sections of the house are prefabricated, the sections, or modules, are puttogether at the construction much like a typical home. Manufactured and mobile houses are rated as personalproperty and depreciate over time.

•• Manufactured homes are built onto steel beams, and are transported in complete sections to the home site, wherethey are assembled.

•• Mobile homes built on wheels, that can be moved.Mobile homes and manufactured homes can be placed in mobile home parks, and manufactured homes can also beplaced on private land, providing the land is zoned for manufactured homes.

Manufactured homesConstructing manufactured homes typically involves connecting plumbing and electrical lines across the sections,and sealing the sections together. Manufactured homes can be single, double, or triple-wide, describing how manysections wide it is. Many manufactured home companies manufacture a variety of different designs, and many of thefloorplans are available online. Manufactured homes can be built onto a permanent foundation, and if designedcorrectly, can be difficult to distinguish from a stick-built home to the untrained eye.

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Manufactured homes are typically purchased from a retail sales company, initially assembled by a local contractingcompany, and follow-up repairs performed by the manufactured home company under warranty.A manufactured home, once assembled, goes through a "settling-in" period, where the home will settle into itslocation. During this period, some drywall cracking may appear, and any incorrectly installed appliances, wiring, orplumbing should be repaired, hopefully under warranty. If not covered under warranty, the costs will be borne by theconsumer. For this reason, it is important that the consumer ensure that a reputable and honest contractor is used forthe initial set-up. If any repairs are not completed by the initial set-up crew, the manufacturer will send repair crewsto repair anything covered by the warranty. The secondary repair team must be scheduled, and may not be availableimmediately for most repairs. Just because a manufactured home has been assembled does not mean it isimmediately inhabitable; appropriate ventilation, heating, plumbing, and electrical systems must be installed by aset-up crew, otherwise, the buyer must wait for the manufacturer repair team or do it themselves.

Construction sitesMobile homes and manufactured homes can be placed in mobile home parks, and manufactured homes can be placedon private land, providing the land is zoned for manufactured homes. Many cities have not updated zoningregulations for modern manufactured houses, and thus, may not permit manufactured houses.McDonalds use prefabricated structures for their buildings, and set a record of constructing a building and openingfor business within 13 hours (on pre-prepared ground works) [1].

The History of the prefabricated building

Prefabricated post-war home at Chiltern Open AirMuseum - Universal House, Mark 3, steel frame clad

with corrugated asbestos cement

A 1950s metal UK prefab at the Rural Life Centre,Tilford, Surrey.

Houses have been built in one place and reassembled in anotherthroughout history. Possibly the first advertised prefab house wasthe Manning Portable Cottage. A London carpenter, H. Manning,constructed a house that was built in components, then shippedand assembled by British emigrants. This was published at thetime (advertisement, South Australian Record, 1837) and a fewstill stand in Australia.[2] One such is the Friends Meeting House,Adelaide.[3] The peak year for the importation of portablebuildings to Australia was 1853, when several hundred arrived.These have been identified as coming from Liverpool, Boston andSingapore (with Chinese instructions for re-assembly).[4] InBarbados the Chattel house was a form of prefabricated buildingwhich was developed by emancipated slaves who had limitedrights to build upon land they did not own. As the building weremoveable they were legally regarded as chattels.[5] Anotherinteresting building was the prefabricated hospital that the BritishArmy deployed in 1855 during the Crimean War designed byIsambard Kingdom Brunel with innovations in sanitation,ventilation and a flushing toilet.[6]

The world's first prefabricated, pre-cast panelled apartment blockswere pioneered in Liverpool. A process was invented by cityengineer John Alexander Brodie, whose inventive genius also hadhim inventing the football goal net. The tram stables at Walton inLiverpool followed in 1906. The idea was not extensively adopted in Britain, however was widely adoptedelsewhere, particularly in Eastern Europe.

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Prefabricated homes were produced during the Gold Rush in the United States, when kits were produced to enableCalifornian prospectors to quickly construct accommodation. Homes were available in kit form by mail order in theUnited States in 1908.[7]

Prefabricated housing was popular during World War II due to the need for mass accommodation for militarypersonnel. The United States used Quonset huts as military buildings, and in the United Kingdom prefabricatedbuildings used included Nissen huts and Bellman Hangars. 'Prefabs' were built after the war as a means of quicklyand cheaply providing quality housing as a replacement for the housing destroyed during the war. The proliferationof prefabricated housing across the country was a result of the Burt Committee and the Housing (TemporaryAccommodation) Act 1944. Under the Ministry of Works Emergency Factory Made housing programme, aspecification was drawn up and bid on by various private construction and manufacturing companies. After approvalby the MoW, companies could bid on Council led development schemes, resulting in whole estates of prefabsconstructed to provide accommodation for those made homeless by the War and ongoing slum clearance.[8] Almost160,000 had been built in the UK by 1948 at a cost of close to £216 million. The largest single prefab estate inBritain[9] was at Belle Vale (South Liverpool), where more than 1,100 were built after World War 2. The estate wasdemolished amid much controversy - the prefabs were very popular with residents - in the mid 1960s.

Amersham Prefab (COAM)-front room showingsolid-fuel fire

Prefabs were aimed at families, and typically had an entrance hall, twobedrooms (parents and children), a bathroom (a room with a bath)  —which was a novel innovation for many British at that time, a separatetoilet, a living room and an equipped (not fitted in the modern sense)kitchen. Construction materials included steel, aluminium, timber orasbestos, depending on the type of dwelling. The aluminium Type B2prefab was produced as four pre-assembled sections which could betransported by lorry anywhere in the country.[10]

Amersham Prefab's Kitchen (COAM)-showingBelling cooker, Ascot wash heater and fridge

The Universal House (pictured left & lounge diner right) was given tothe Chiltern Open Air Museum after 40 years temporary use. The Mark3 was manufactured by the Universal Housing Company Ltd,Rickmansworth.

The United States used prefabricated housing for troops during the warand for GIs returned home. Prefab classrooms were popular with UKschools increasing their rolls during the baby boom of the 1950s and1960s.

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Many buildings were designed with a five-ten year life span, but have far exceeded this, with a number survivingtoday. In 2002, for example, the city of Bristol still had residents living in 700 examples.[11] Many UK councils arebeginning to demolish the last surviving examples of World War II prefabs in order to comply with the UKgovernment's Decent Homes Standard, due to come into effect by 2010. However, there has been a recent revival inprefabricated methods of construction in order to compensate for the United Kingdom's current housing shortage.[12]

Prefabs and the modernist movementArchitects are incorporating modern designs into the prefabricated houses of today. Prefab housing should no longerbe compared to a mobile home in terms of appearance, but to that of a complex modernist design.[13] There has alsobeen an increase in the use of "green" materials in the construction of these prefab houses. Consumers can easilyselect between different environmentally friendly finishes and wall systems. Since these homes are built in parts, it iseasy for a home owner to add additional rooms or even solar panels to the roofs. Many prefab houses can becustomized to the client's specific location and climate, making prefab homes much more flexible and modern thanbefore.There is a zeitgeist in architectural circles and the spirit of the age favors the small carbon footprint of "prefab."Eminent amongst the new breed of off the shelf luxury modernist products is the perrinepod,[14] which has foundfavor worldwide for its green credentials and three day build time.

References[1] http:/ / projects. bre. co. uk/ prefabrication/ prefabrication. pdf[2] Prefab: From Utilitarian Home To Design Icon (http:/ / www. npr. org/ templates/ story/ story. php?storyId=94119708), by Jim Zarroli,

Morning Edition, September 15, 2008, NPR[3] Channel 9 South Australia Pty Ltd > Postcards > Friend's Meeting House (http:/ / www. postcards-sa. com. au/ features2009/

quakers_meeting_house. html) Retrieved 8 September 2011[4] lewis, Miles (1985) "The Diagnosis of Prefabricated Buildings" (http:/ / ashadocs. org/ aha/ 03/ 03_04_Lewis. pdf) Australian Historical

Archaeology 3: 58–68[5] Ali, Arif (1996). Barbados: Just Beyond Your Imagination. Hansib Caribbean. Hansib. ISBN 1-870-51854-3.[6][6] Renkioi: Brunel's Forgotten Crimean War Hospital by Christopher Silver[7] (http:/ / www. chetboddy. com/ Pages/ factorybuilt. html)[8] (http:/ / www. localhistory. scit. wlv. ac. uk/ interesting/ prefabs/ prefabs. htm)[9][9] Belle Vale, Liverpool[10] (http:/ / www. walespast. com/ article-print. shtml?id=73)[11] Gillilan, Lesley (March 23, 2002). "The prefab four" (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ property/ main. jhtml?xml=/ property/ 2002/ 03/ 23/

prefab23. xml). The Daily Telegraph (London). . Retrieved May 22, 2010.[12] (http:/ / www. thisismoney. co. uk/ mortgages/ article. html?in_article_id=407133& in_page_id=8)[13] "Transportable Homes, Explained" (http:/ / www. transportablehomefinance. com. au/ transportableHomeExplained. html). Transportable

home finance. . Retrieved 2008-11-26.[14] (http:/ / www. inhabitat. com/ 2007/ 08/ 10/ prefab-friday-perrinepod/ )

External links• prefabrik ev (http:/ / www. prefabrikevfiyatlari. net)• National Association of Home Builders (US) - "NAHB's Building Systems Council's Concrete, Log, Modular,

and Panelized Homes (http:/ / www. nahb. org/ buildingsystems)• Estate of Prefabs in SE London is listed for preservation (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ artanddesign/ 2008/ sep/

24/ heritage. britishidentity)

Article Sources and Contributors 5

Article Sources and ContributorsPrefabricated building  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=472607521  Contributors: A. B., Alpha Quadrant (alt), Alphachimp, ArcAngel, Auntof6, Britmax, Brunnian,Carlsalter, Changoman, Chemical Engineer, Chriswaterguy, Ckatz, CommonsDelinker, Crabapplecove, Cxcarmany, Davin, Doug Coldwell, Doug butler, Drilnoth, ELNO Checking, EcoHomes,Edward321, Erinwhitt, Gioto, Gogo Dodo, Gokhanege, GraemeL, Handlewiki, Hasanisawi, Hydrox, Iain Stuart, Jklamo, Joel7687, Joshua Issac, Julesd, Kelisi, Kimholder, LOL, Leaderpro,Leutha, Life of Riley, LilHelpa, Lisa-BFWM, Littlerussell, Liverpool-8-boy, Look2See1, Mac, McGeddon, Modbob, Mtaylor848, Mwanner, Noremacmada, Old Moonraker, Omassey, Ottod,Panelize, Piratedemaurice, Richg41, Ridernyc, SDC, Saga City, Signalhead, Sunderedland, TJSchmidt, Terrymetcalfe, Textorus, TheParanoidOne, Tom Allen, Tot12, Tr00st, Trident13,Twopenneth, Van der Hoorn, Van helsing, Wyrdlight, 70 anonymous edits

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