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PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION-MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST
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PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Dec 16, 2015

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Page 1: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION-MAKING FRAMEWORK

Claude NapierSr. Structural EngineerResource Center - Structures TST

Page 2: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Learning Outcomes

• Understand the ABC viable concepts• Understanding of barriers/obstacles to install

PBES in hours or days • Understanding of needs/opportunities to

install PBES in hours or days• Knowledge of PBES decision-making

framework

2

Page 3: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Learning Outcomes• Be able to use flowchart and/or matrix

questions for decision making to identify important considerations to determine best course of action for bridge construction

• List and define rapid onsite construction factors

• List and define other factors impacting the decision to use ABC or prefabricated structures

3

Page 4: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Learning Outcomes

• List and define the different costs factors influencing the PBES decision

• Be a champion to promote PBES Technology

4

Page 5: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

ABC Viable Concepts• Ground up• Material Choices• Equipment• Prefabrication• Access-logistics• Pre-assembly• Pre-purchase & fabricate• Off site Assembly• Off site roll-in or lift-in

5

Page 6: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

ABC Viable Concepts

• Incremental launching• Longitudinal versus transverse components• Contracting techniques to be considered:

– performance related specifications– warranties– design/build– cost + time– lane rental– incentive/disincentives– value engineering

6

Page 7: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

ABC Viable Concepts• Alternatives for construction

– Construction during non-peak hours• Nighttime closures• Week-end closures

– Total or partial closures– Lane closures or detours

• Public relations: keep traveling public, businesses, politicians, etc informed

7

Page 8: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Why ABC-PBES?

ABC-PBES offers significant advantages over Cast-in-place construction. ABC-PBES results into:

• Reduced onsite construction time• Minimized traffic disruption – from months to days• Reduced Environmental impact • Improved work zone safety – improved worker

safety• Lower First and Life-Cycle Costs• Improved product quality – controlled environment,

cure times, easier access, etc.

Page 9: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Question: Barriers to routinely install PBES in hours or days?

Prefabricated Bridges to Accelerate ConstructionSurvey to Sample State Bridge Engineers

Page 10: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Question: What would help most to use PBES?Prefabricated Bridges to Accelerate Construction

Survey to Sample State Bridge Engineers

Page 11: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Questions: Barriers to routinely install PBES in hours or days? What would help most to use PBES?

Prefabricated Bridges to Accelerate ConstructionSurvey to Sample State Bridge Engineers

Page 12: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Framework for PBESDecision-Making Users

• Decision makers for bridge type• Implementers

– Designers– Project Managers

Page 13: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Framework for PBESDecision-Making – Format

• Introduction• Flowchart

– Decision-Making at a Glance• Matrix

– Decision-Making Questions• Decision-Making Considerations

– Questions with Discussion and References

Page 14: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Framework for PBESDecision-Making – In General

• PBES are better– Due to improved quality control off-site and off-the-

critical-path fabrication• PBES are faster• PBES are safer• PBES have lower initial costs

– Due to significantly reduced traffic control, risks, environmental impacts, user delay costs

Page 15: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Framework for PBES Decision-Making Specific Project Considerations

• Better• Faster• Safer• Is prefabrication the best solution for this

specific project ?– Lower initial costs ?– Long lasting ?

Page 16: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

AT

A

GLANCE

Decision Making

Flowchart

Page 17: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

RAPID ONSITE CONSTRUCTION FACTORSTraffic Volume / Emergency / Commerce / User Delay ???

Page 18: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

OTHER FACTORSWorker Safety / Wetlands-Air Quality-Noise /

Endangered Species / Multiple Similar Sections ???

Page 19: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

PBES CONSTRUCTION COSTS LESS ???

Page 20: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

AT

A

GLANCE

Decision Making

Page 21: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Decision-Making Matrix Example Questions

Question Yes Maybe No

High traffic volume?

Emergency replacement?. . .

Worker safety concerns?. . .

High daily traffic control costs?. . .

Page 22: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Decision-Making Matrix• One or two factors may warrant use of PBES• Alternatively, user may assign weights to

factors• In any case, a majority of “Yes” responses

indicates PBES offers advantages

Page 23: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Considerations in Selecting PBES – Categories

• Rapid Onsite Construction Factors• Other Factors• Costs Factors

Page 24: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Considerations Category:Rapid Onsite Construction

• High ADT/ADTT?• Emergency bridge replacement?• Evacuation route, or over a railroad or navigation

channel?• Requires lane closures, detours or temporary

bridge?• If closed, or detour distances long?• Impacts critical path of total project?

Page 25: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Considerations Category:Rapid Onsite Construction, cont’d.

• Close during off-peak traffic periods?• Requires rapid recovery from natural or

manmade hazards, or rapid completion of future repair/rehab?

• Construction time restrictions due to adverse economic impact?

• Weather limits CIP construction?• Are spans under 200 ft.?

Page 26: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Considerations in Selecting PBES – Categories

• Rapid Onsite Construction• Other Factors

– Safety Concerns– Environmental Issues– Standardization– Site Issues

Page 27: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Considerations Category:Other Factors

• Safety Concerns– Worker safety concerns? (e.g. adjacent power

lines, high heights, or over water)• Environmental Issues

– Environmentally sensitive area? (e.g. wetlands, air quality, and noise)

– Natural or endangered species?– Historic bridge?

Page 28: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Considerations Category:Other Factors, cont’d.

• Standardization– Multiple similar spans?– Bridges grouped for economy of scale– Available state or national prefabricated bridge

standards?– Regional off-the-shelf components using

stockpiled standards?– Incorporation of aesthetic or context-sensitive

design requirements?

Page 29: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Considerations Category:Other Factors, cont’d.

• Site Issues– Problems with delivery of ready-mix concrete?– Knowledgeable available contractors?– Available prefabricators?– Contractor options for prefabrication?– Delivery to the site?

Page 30: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Considerations Category:Other Factors, cont’d.

• Site Issues, cont’d.– Accessibility at the site?– Prefab foundations & substructures?– Formwork & falsework requirements?– Straight/skewed/curved alignment?– Requires seismic connections?– Available connection details?

Page 31: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Considerations in Selecting PBES – Categories, cont’d.

• Costs– Maintenance of Traffic– Contractor’s Operations– Owner Agency’s Operations– Service Life

• Available Online Resources

Page 32: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Considerations Category: Costs• Maintenance of Traffic

– Changing traffic control plan?– Delay-related user costs a concern?

• Contractor’s Operations– Innovative contracting strategies?– Use of innovative equipment?– Contractor costs for insurance/bonding?

Page 33: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Considerations Category:Costs, cont’d.

• Owner Agency’s Operations– Necessary staffing?– Bridges grouped for economy of scale?– Broader use?– Adequate prefabrication time in contract?

• Service Life

Page 34: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

FHWA Decision-Making Framework

Page 35: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Utah DOT Decision Chart

Page 36: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Framework Available Online

General Information• http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/prefab/ Publications• Framework For PBES Decision-Making

Page 37: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Why Use PBES Technologies?

• Prefabricated Bridge Advantages:• Faster (offsite & off critical path)• Safer (for traveling public & construction &

inspection personnel)• Better Quality (controlled environment)• Lower Cost (Costs comparable to or lower

than conventional construction)

Page 38: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Polling Question #1• Select the items that are ABC Viable Concepts.

a. Prefabrication of standard elementsb. Cast-in-place is planned on bridge alignmentc. Pre-assemblyd. Off site assemblye. Weekend or night time closures are planned.

Page 39: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Polling Question #2• Select the obstacles to installing PBES in hours

or days.a. Lack of education and trainingb. Lack of standards & specificationsc. Construction industry is geared up for

prefabd. Potential higher cost & limited resourcese. Durability is not a concern

Page 40: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Polling Question #3• Select the major components of the PBES

decision making framework.a. Decision-making flowchartb. Life cycle cost analysis toolc. Decision-making matrix of questionsd. Decision-making consideration questions

and discussionse. All of the above

Page 41: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Polling Question #4• Select the items that are onsite construction

factors.a. Low traffic volumesb. Emergency repair project on high ADT routec. Project has negative impact on major industryd. Highway work is on the critical path of project

and bridge is not.e. There are significant user delays if lane is closed

for construction.

Page 42: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Polling Question #5• If rapid onsite construction is not required for

a project, select the other factors that may make prefabrication the preferred solution.a. Bridge is high over the water and near high

voltage lines.b. Endangered speciesc. Wetlandsd. Repetitive superstructure spans and

substructure typese. All of the above

Page 43: PREFABRICATED BRIDGE ELEMENTS & SYSTEMS (PBES), DECISION- MAKING FRAMEWORK Claude Napier Sr. Structural Engineer Resource Center - Structures TST.

Summary and final concluding remarks Use PBES Decision-Making Framework to help accelerate

bridge construction and help change America’s driving experience and meet the customers’ needs.

Claude Napier, Senior Structural Engineer

804-775-3327, [email protected]

• Louis Triandafilou, Senior Structural Engineer

• 410-962-3648, [email protected]

Resource Center, Structures TST