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Predicting &
MonitoringVolcanoes
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What we will learn in this
lesson...
Can we predict when a volcano will erupt?
How are volcanoes monitored?
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Q. What is a scientist who
studies volcanoes called?
A. Volcanologist
Have you got what it takes.....???!!!!
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Why do we need to be ableto predict volcanoes?
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How is predicting volcanoesdifferent to predictingearthquakes?
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Predicting the eruption of
Mount Pinatubo
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.pinat
ubo/
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.pinatubo/http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.pinatubo/http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.pinatubo/http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.pinatubo/http://teachers%27%20domain%20%20mount%20pinatubo%20%20predicting%20a%20volcanic%20eruption.mp4/8/3/2019 Predicting Volcanoes
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First signs a volcano may be going to erupt:
1. Gas and steam
2. Bulging and swelling
3. Tremors (earthquakes) or rumbling
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How do we measure thesewarnings?
SatellitesThese also measure ground movements on the volcano but from
above instead of on the ground. They can detect extremely small
movements. They can also be linked to computers to map lava
flows, mud flows, ash clouds and produce hazard maps from these.
Tiltmeter
As magma rises it can cause a change in the shape of thevolcano. The ground can tilt and bulge where the magma rises.
This is called ground deformation. We can measure this byusing tiltmeters which measures how much the ground has
moved.
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Seismograph
Rising magma and gas can cause vibrations and
trigger earthquakes. Therefore earthquake activity
can often increase before a volcano erupts.
Scientists monitor these earthquakes using
seismographs. As the magma approaches the surface
the tremors will increase. This is perhaps the most reliable sign a volcanois about to erupt.
Gas Sampler
Increased emissions of gas and steam suchas sulphur dioxide from a volcano often
shows that the magma is rising closer to thesurface. However a sudden decrease in
emissions can also indicate that a volcanomay be about to erupt as
their could be a blockage which could result in the build up of pressure.
http://www.sciencephoto.com/images/download_wm_image.html/E392049-Volcanic_gas_sampling-SPL.jpg?id=6939200498/3/2019 Predicting Volcanoes
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Pinatubo = SUCCESS!!! Scientists successfully predicted the eruption. Clark air base wasevacuated and thousands of lives and millions dollars worth of equipmentsaved.
However...this is not always the case ....
Nyiragongo = FAIL!!! Volcano erupted January 17, 2002
Team of scientists was sent there a week earlier after localsnoticed changes in the ground but declared it safe
When the volcano erupted, 40% of the city of Goma was destroyed
and 120,000 people were left homeless.
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC OFCONGO
Mt.
Nyiragongo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svg8/3/2019 Predicting Volcanoes
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Only about 20% of the Worlds
volcanoes are monitored.
BUT!Most of these are in MEDCs.
Volcanoes are often in poorcountries where they cant afford
expensive monitoring equipment ordont have people who are
trained to do so.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svg8/3/2019 Predicting Volcanoes
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Tasks
1. Describe 3 warning signs that a volcano might erupt.
2. Read through the sheet of instruments that can be used to monitorvolcanoes.
- Pick four of these.- Draw them into your book.- Label them and describe how they are used.
3. Why is it important to be able to predict eruptions?
4. Why are poorer countries less good at predicting eruptions thanricher countries?
EXTENSION
What ways can countries prepare if they know a volcano is going toerupt?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svg8/3/2019 Predicting Volcanoes
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What we will learn in this
lesson...
Can we predict when a volcano will erupt?
How are volcanoes monitored?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svg8/3/2019 Predicting Volcanoes
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Today I have learnt
I would like to know more about..
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svg