SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORATION PRECONSTRUCTION SURVEY MANUAL PRECONSTRUCTION SURVEYING PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS FOR ENGINEERING & DESIGN Revised October, 2012
SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORATION
PRECONSTRUCTION SURVEY MANUAL
PRECONSTRUCTION SURVEYING PROCEDURES AND
STANDARDS FOR ENGINEERING & DESIGN
Revised October, 2012
PREFACE
This Preconstruction Survey Manual has been developed as a guide to provide uniform design
practices for Department and consultant personnel conducting surveys and aerial mapping for
Department projects. Many of these standards are intended to mirror the standards found in the
Standards of Practice Manual for Surveying in South Carolina and Chapter 5 of the Federal Highway
Administration’s Project Development and Design Manual. The designer/surveyor should attempt to
meet all criteria and practices presented in the Manual.
This manual presents most of the information normally required for preparation of survey
requirements for a roadway project; however, it is impossible to address every situation that the
designer will encounter. Additional survey requirements are also covered in the SCDOT Highway
Design Manual, which outlines certain procedures and special cases. REF: HDM AS REQUIREMENT
All surveying must meet or exceed the standards set forth in the most current revision of the
Standards of Practice Manual for Surveying in South Carolina.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.0 SAFETY .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.0 AERIAL SURVEYING AND MAPPING PROCEDURES .................................................................................................................................. 6
2.01 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY & MAPPING – GENERAL .................................................................................................................... 6 2.02 ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS / CADD STANDARDS ................................................................................................................... 8 2.03 CAMERA REQUIREMENTS/CALIBRATION REPORT .................................................................................................................. 9 2.04 AERIAL TRIANGULATION REPORT AND CERTIFICATION .......................................................................................................... 9 2.05 ORTHOPHOTO FILES .............................................................................................................................................................. 11
2.06 QA/QC ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.07 AERIAL MAPPING DELIVERABLES .......................................................................................................................................... 12
3.0 PRECONSTRUCTION SURVEY GUIDELINES............................................................................................................................................. 13 3.01 PRECONSTRUCTION SURVEY ELEMENTS ............................................................................................................................... 13 3.02 PUBLIC NOTIFICATION ........................................................................................................................................................... 15 3.03 GEOMETRIC PLANNING ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 3.04 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND MAPPING ................................................................................................................................ 15 3.05 PROJECT SURVEY CONTROL .................................................................................................................................................. 16 3.06 EXISTING ROADWAY SURVEYS / PAVEMENT DTMS .............................................................................................................. 28 3.07 DRAINAGE SURVEYS .............................................................................................................................................................. 30 3.08 HORIZONTAL / BEST FIT ALIGNMENTS .................................................................................................................................. 32
3.09 PROPERTY AND RIGHT OF WAYS SURVEYS ........................................................................................................................... 33 3.10 BRIDGE / CULVERT SURVEYS ................................................................................................................................................. 35 3.11 RAILROAD SURVEYS .............................................................................................................................................................. 44
3.12 PLANIMETRIC SURVEYS ......................................................................................................................................................... 45 3.13 TOPOGRAPHIC (DTM) SURVEYS ............................................................................................................................................ 46 3.14 SUBSURFACE UTILITY ENGINEERING SURVEYS ...................................................................................................................... 46 3.15 ENVIROMENTAL SURVEYS ..................................................................................................................................................... 46 3.16 PRECONSTRUCTION SURVEY STAKING & MONUMENTS ....................................................................................................... 49 3.17 QA-QC & GROUND TESTS ...................................................................................................................................................... 52
4.0 DATA COLLECTION FEATURE CODES & PROCEDURES ........................................................................................................................... 53 4.01 GENERAL OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................................. 53 4.02 FEATURE CODES .................................................................................................................................................................... 53
4.03 SUE FEATURE CODES ............................................................................................................................................................. 71 4.04 SCDOT CADD WORKSPACE .................................................................................................................................................... 74
5.0 SURVEY FILES DELIVERABLES ................................................................................................................................................................ 75 APPENDIX A – PHOTOGRAMMETRIC CERTIFICATION ................................................................................................................................. 76 APPENDIX B – PROJECT COORDINATE FILE ................................................................................................................................................. 77 APPENDIX C – CULVERT SKETCH ................................................................................................................................................................. 78 APPENDIX D – COMMON DRAINAGE STRUCTURES..................................................................................................................................... 79 APPENDIX E – COMMON CURB & GUTTER TYPES ....................................................................................................................................... 82 APPENDIX F – RIGHT OF WAY MARKERS AND MONUMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 84 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 85 WORKS CITED .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 85
INDEX ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 86
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
4
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1 AERIAL SURVEY FLIGHT SCALES ......................................................................................................... 6
Figure 3 SURVEY WORKFLOW ....................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 5 PROJECT CONTROL LAYOUT ............................................................................................................ 16
Figure 7 PRIMARY SURVEY CONTROL (PSC) CAP ........................................................................................... 17
Figure 9 SURVEY CONTROL ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................. 18
Figure 11 FHWA POSITIONAL ACCURACY CHART .......................................................................................... 18
Figure 13 FHWA TERRESTRIAL SURVEY METHODOLOGY CHART .................................................................. 18
Figure 15 SC GPS POSITIONAL ACCURACY CHART ......................................................................................... 19
Figure 17 RTN MAP, 2011 .............................................................................................................................. 19
Figure 19 NAD83 (NSR2007) MAP ................................................................................................................. 20
Figure 21 CROSS SLOPE VERIFICATION LAYOUT ............................................................................................ 25
Figure 23 SURVEY CONTROL NETWORK FOR REHAB EXAMPLE MAP ............................................................ 26
Figure 25 CROSS SLOPE VERIFICATION CONTROL ......................................................................................... 27
Figure 27 Final Survey Report Spreadsheet Tabs .......................................................................................... 27
Figure 29 HIGHWAY SURVEY EXAMPLE ......................................................................................................... 28
Figure 30 ROADWAY SURVEY DETAIL – CROSS SECTION ............................................................................... 29
Figure 32 OUTFALL DRAINAGE SURVEY DETAIL – CROSS SECTION ............................................................... 30
Figure 34 OUTFALL DITCH SURVEY EXAMPLE ................................................................................................ 30
Figure 36 OUTFALL DRAINAGE SURVEY DETAIL – CROSS SECTION .............................................................. 31
Figure 38 OUTFALL DITCH SURVEY EXAMPLE 2 ............................................................................................. 31
Figure 40 OUTFALL DRAINAGE ALIGNMENT ................................................................................................ 32
Figure 42 HIGHWAY BRIDGE SURVEY EXAMPLE ............................................................................................ 35
Figure 44 BRIDGE SURVEY DETAIL – PLAN VIEW ........................................................................................... 36
Figure 46 BRIDGE SURVEY DETAIL – CROSS SECTION VIEW ......................................................................... 37
Figure 48 BRIDGE SURVEY DETAIL – WATER ELEVATIONS ........................................................................... 38
Figure 50 BRIDGE DTM SURVEY – CROSS SECTION VIEW .............................................................................. 39
Figure 51 CULVERT SURVEY DETAIL – PLAN VIEW ........................................................................................ 40
Figure 53 CULVERT SURVEY EXAMPLE .......................................................................................................... 41
Figure 55 MINOR DRAINAGE WINGWALL .................................................................................................... 42
Figure 57 CATCH BASIN LOCATIONS ............................................................................................................. 43
Figure 59 RAILROAD SURVEY EXAMPLE ........................................................................................................ 45
Figure 61 FLOOD PLAIN LOCATION METHODS .............................................................................................. 47
Figure 62 Wetland area example on bridge survey ....................................................................................... 48
Figure 64 RIGHT OF WAY STAKE DETAIL ........................................................................................................ 49
Figure 66 RIGHT OF WAY PLAT ...................................................................................................................... 51
Figure 68 SURVEY CONTROL GRAPHIC LEGEND ............................................................................................ 55
Figure 70 TYPE 1 CATCH BASIN ..................................................................................................................... 79
Figure 72 TYPE 9 CATCH BASIN ..................................................................................................................... 79
Figure 74 TYPE 15 CATCH BASIN ................................................................................................................... 80
Figure 76 TYPE 16 CATCH BASIN ................................................................................................................... 80
Figure 78 TYPE 17 CATCH BASIN ................................................................................................................... 81
Figure 80 TYPE 18 CATCH BASIN ................................................................................................................... 81
Figure 82 VERTICAL FACE CURB .................................................................................................................... 82
Figure 84 MOUNTABLE CURB ....................................................................................................................... 82
Figure 86 OGEE CURB ................................................................................................................................... 82
Figure 88 ISLAND CURB ................................................................................................................................ 83
Figure 90 Right of Way Cap Detail ................................................................................................................. 84
Figure 92 Right of Way Monument Detail ..................................................................................................... 85
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
5
1.0 SAFETY
Land Surveyors and Survey parties perform their work in many hazardous environments. SCDOT
promotes safe work places and recognizes the responsibility of safety for each individual. THE
CONSULTANT IS COMPLETELY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SAFETY PROCEDURES AND THE SAFETY OF ITS
EMPLOYEES. When working within SCDOT right of ways, perform all survey work in compliance the
Manual of Uniform Traffic Control (MUTCD) and the SCDOT Work Zone Safety Manual. Surveyors
should always wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) appropriate to their task. Common PPE are
as listed below:
Eye and Face Protection – Safety glasses, etc.
Foot Protection – Safety-Toed footwear in construction zones
Hand Protection
Head Protection – Hard Hats
Hearing Protection - Earplugs
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has many informative publications
available on their website, www.osha.gov. The following are a few suggestions for maintaining a safe
surveying work place:
In the event of a serious accident or injury – call 911 immediately, then follow your firm’s safety procedure.
Do not enter Confined Spaces without proper permits, training, and equipment
Maintain a well-stocked First Aid Kit in all survey vehicles
Maintain a fire extinguisher in all survey vehicles
Maintain MSDS paperwork for any applicable chemicals
Tag broken equipment and do not use.
Obey all Motor Vehicle laws
Wear SCDOT approved safety vest and hats
The South Carolina Occupational Safety and Health Administration (SCOSHA) manages and regulates
the OSHA operations in South Carolina. Please visit their website, www.scosha.llronline.com for more
information about state specific rules and regulations.
The Federal Highway Administration’s Project Development and Design Manual, Chapter 5A.1
contains a Code of Safe Surveying Practice that details pertinent safety procedures and practices.
For more information or questions pertaining to Work Place Safety, please contact the SCDOT
Occupational Safety and Health Department at 803-737-1161.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
6
2.0 AERIAL SURVEYING AND MAPPING PROCEDURES
Photogrammetry is the science and technology of obtaining reliable information about physical
objects and the environment by interpreting, measuring, and recording aerial photographic imagery.
The SCDOT requirements for photogrammetry shall meet the FGDC standards and requirements as
outlined in “Appendix A”.
2.01 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY & MAPPING – GENERAL
The following are provided as general information and are subject to change, as the Department
deems appropriate. It is anticipated that work to be performed, unless specified otherwise, will be
required to comply with applicable provisions of the FGDC requirements.
Photo Flight Plotting Contour Forward Pixal Ortho
Scale Height Scale Interval Model Resolution Scale
1"=__ (ft) 1"=__ (ft) Coverage (ft) 1"=__
50 300 10' 1 180 x 315 0.04 10
167 1002 20 1 601 x 1052 0.1 20
200 1200 20 1 720 x 1260 0.17 30
300 1800 30 1 1080 x 1890 0.25 40
400 2400 40 1 1440 x 2520 0.33 50
500 3000 50 2 1800 x 3150 0.42 70
600 3600 60 2 2160 x 3780 0.5 80 Figure 1 AERIAL SURVEY FLIGHT SCALES
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
7
2.01.01 MAPPING AND DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS
All mapping will be furnished by the consultant as Bentley 2D or 3D design files. Planimetric features
will be furnished in a 2D design file. Topographic features will be furnished in 3D design file. Both
planimetric and topographic features will be placed on separate, segregated levels as specified by the
Department. Terrain model data will be submitted as Bentley 3D design files with spot elevations and
break lines placed on separate levels. Break lines representing the Department’s edges of pavement,
curb and gutter, sidewalks or raised medians will be placed on a level separate from all other break
lines.
All digital files will be fully compatible with the Department’s Bentley system as well as Microstation
and Geopak design software. Design files shall be based on the following for English working units:
1. Design files shall be based on the following for English working units:
2. Master Units: ft
3. Sub Units: in
4. Sub Units per Master Unit: 12 in per ft.
5. Positional Units per Sub Unit: 1000 Pos. Units per in.
NOTE: For the State of South Carolina, the official conversion factor to convert meters to feet is based
on the International Foot (1 meter = 3.280839895 or 1 foot = 0.304800000 meter).
The Consultant will use the Department’s specified level structure and cell library.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
8
2.02 ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS / CADD STANDARDS
a) General Photogrammetric surveys are defined as the use of photogrammetry for obtaining
reliable information about physical objects and the environment through the process of
recording, measuring and interpreting images and patterns of electromagnetic radiant energy and
other phenomena. Minimum allowable photogrammetric production procedures and standards
are hereby established for photogrammetric mapping and digital data production.
b) Production procedures for photogrammetric mapping surveys shall be in accordance with the
standards established by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Geospatial Positioning
Accuracy Standard and applicable extensions and revisions. These standards are incorporated by
reference including subsequent amendments and editions.
c) Topographic maps, unless clearly marked as “Preliminary Map”, shall meet FGDC Standards for
horizontal and vertical accuracies. All orthophotos and planimetric maps, unless clearly marked as
“Preliminary Orthophoto” or “Preliminary Map”, shall be produced to meet FGDC Standards for
horizontal accuracies.
d) When the resulting product is a digital (electronic) data set, or a map or document consists of
more than one sheet, a project report will be certified and signed.
e) Ground control for photogrammetric projects shall be in South Carolina Grid coordinates and
distances when the project is tied to Grid.
f) The project map or report shall contain applicable following information:
1) Date of Photography or original data acquisition
2) Scale of Photography
3) Date of document or data set compilation
4) If hard copy product is produced, the maps shall contain a north arrow, map legend, final
document scale and contour interval, as applicable.
5) Coordinate system for horizontal and vertical denoting SI or English units (i.e., NAD 83,
assumed, etc.)
6) A list or note showing the control points used for the project, x, y & z.
7) If other data is included which was obtained by means other than photogrammetry, the
source and accuracy of those items must be clearly indicated.
8) A statement of accuracy complying with FGDC standards.
9) For topographic maps or data sets, contours in areas obscured by man-made or natural
features shall be uniquely identified or enclosed by a polygon clearly identifying the obscured
area. The accuracies of the contours or of the features in this obscured area should be noted
to the extent they deviate from the general accuracy of the map or data set.
10) A vicinity map depicting the project location shall appear on the first sheet of all hard copy
maps or in the report accompanying digital files.
11) Company name, address and phone number.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
9
12) The name of the client for whom the project was conducted
g) A certificate, substantially in the following form, shall be affixed to all maps or reports (See
sample report):
“I, _________________, certify that this project was completed under my direct and responsible
charge from an actual photogrammetric survey made under my supervision: that this
photogrammetric survey was performed to meet Federal Geographic Data Committee Standards
as applicable; that the imagery and/or original data was obtained on ______________; that the
photogrammetric survey was completed on ____________; that contours shown as [broken lines]
may not meet the stated standard; and all coordinates are based on ______________.
h) An electronic copy of any digital data set delivered to the client shall be retained in the
permanent files of the licensee.
2.03 CAMERA REQUIREMENTS/CALIBRATION REPORT
a) The aircraft shall be equipped with a precise aerial camera fitted with a 6” focal length and
Forward Motion Compensation (FMC).
b) The photography shall be flown at 60% forward overlap and shall not contain any excessive tip,
tilt, crab or cloud cover.
c) In areas where water bodies are under tidal influence, aerial photography shall be acquired within
a time not to vary by more than 2 hours from the time of low tide.
d) Aerial photography shall be obtained when shadows are smallest and when the suns inclination
angle is greater than 30 .
e) A current calibration report shall be supplied to the SCDOT.
2.04 AERIAL TRIANGULATION REPORT AND CERTIFICATION
The consultant shall use analytical aerotriangulation methods and procedures to extend and densify
the ground control provided and establish the photo control required for photogrammetric map
compilation as follows:
The analytical computations must result in a minimum root mean square (rms) error at the
control points of one part in ten thousand (1:10,000) of the flight height (AMGL).
A minimum of nine precisely marked supplemental control points shall be established for each
photograph, with six points located as near as possible to the corners and nadir point of the
neat model.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
10
All point marking of the film diapositives shall be accomplished using precision point transfer
devices. All marks shall be drilled clearly through the emulsion of the diapositive, and excess
waste material shall be removed carefully from the surface prior to the mensuration
operation.
The locations of the supplemental and ground control points shall be measured using fully
analytical instruments.
The computer software used shall contain a fully analytical block aerotriangulation program,
and shall incorporate the capability to give appropriate weight factors to the control points on
an individual basis, and to correct for film deformation, atmospheric refraction, Earth
curvature and lens distortion.
Prior to the commencement of photogrammetric map compilation, the Consultant shall
submit to SCDOT a Control Report detailing the results of the analytical aerotriangulation in
the project area.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
11
2.05 ORTHOPHOTO FILES
Digital orthophotos shall be developed from a perspective aerial photograph by differential
rectification methods so that image displacements caused by camera tilt and terrain relief are
removed.
Aerial negatives or diapositives shall be scanned using a precise image scanner. DTM or DEM may be
used to rectify the images depending on the scope of the project by SCDOT.
The resampling of intensity values from the input image to the output one shall be accomplished
using cubic algorithm or equivalent.
In case of multiple images, a mosaic shall be produced and image quality shall be uniform. All
deliverables are to be in Tiff format accompanied by a TFW header.
2.06 QA/QC
The first QA/QC step is to ensure that the triangles and contours generated by GEOPAK Tin Match the
ones provided by the mapper.
The second QA/QC step is to ensure that the DTM accurately represents the terrain. One way of
checking this is to process a profile and association for a known baseline. Ensure that the profile on
the centerline of the roadway and edge of pavement collected during the field surveys conducted
during the mapping phase are accurately reflected in the Tin generated from the compiled DTM.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
12
2.07 AERIAL MAPPING DELIVERABLES
Preconstruction Surveying Consultants will deliver to the DOT files that are compatible with the
Departments CADD and Plan Development Process. All Roadway Project within the Department are
assigned a Project Pin Number. All files submitted by the Consultant will be referenced to a Project
Identification Number (PIN). The types of files and naming conventions are listed below and are
examples of some of the files that might be requested by the Department. The examples shown
assume a PIN of 123456.
123456.txt ASCII comma delineated file of survey points.
123456.dgn 2D Microstation file containing all planimetric mapping.
123456dtm.dgn 3D Microstation file with all breaklines, spot elevations, triangulation and
contours.
123456op.tif Tiff format file containing the orthophoto files.
123456op.tifw Geographic world file.
Note: Any additional surveys submitted for the same project will follow the same naming convention
but will add an A, B, C, etc. Example: for the first additional survey the file name will be 123456a.new,
the second additional survey will be 123456b.new etc.
* Other deliverables such as calibration report, aerial triangulation report will be submitted prior to
commencing the mapping process. The photogrammetric certification project report should also be
signed and certified by the responsible charge supervisor.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
13
3.0 PRECONSTRUCTION SURVEY GUIDELINES
A South Carolina Registered Land Surveyor will be required to be directly responsible for the proper
execution of the surveying work to be performed. The scope of the surveying work to be performed
will be determined by the requirements for the design of the project and preparation of the right of
way and detailed construction plans. The following is provided as supplemental information to other
SCDOT requirements for the design and development of the project.
3.01 PRECONSTRUCTION SURVEY ELEMENTS
Project engineers will analyze projects in depth to determine the exact survey needs accurately
illustrate the proposed improvements on the final Construction Plans. Considerations for the type of
facilities being planned for improvements and the types of surveys required to achieve the project
objective. The following chart depicts the typical work flow for a preconstruction survey:
Figure 3 SURVEY WORKFLOW
The following is a list of survey tasks that may be required for a specific roadway project:
Public Notification (section 3.02)
Geometric Planning (section 3.03) Determine the best surveying methodology.
Aerial Surveys (section 3.04)
Project Survey Control (section 3.05) Establish survey control points and benchmarks.
Pavement DTMs (section 3.06) - All roadway features (edge of pavement/concrete, travel
lanes, breakpoints, crown, etc.) will be located linearly to be used topographically and
planimmetricaly.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
14
Drainage Surveys (section 3.07) - All outfall ditches will be located with break-lines a
minimum of 400’ from roadway.
Horizontal / Best Fit Alignment Surveys (section 3.08) - Establish existing roadway
centerlines and/or proposed or realigned centerlines.
Property and Right of Way Surveys (section 3.09) - Establish existing right of way lines and
locations. Depicts reputed private property sidelines that abut existing right of ways.
Bridge / Culvert Surveys (section 3.10) - Identify specific elements of existing and/or
proposed bridges.
Railroad Surveys (section 3.11) - Identify specific elements along an existing railroad
corridor.
Planimetric Surveys (section 3.12) - Identify and locate cultural and natural topographic
features (trees, buildings, sidewalks, etc.)
Topographic Surveys (section 3.13) - Locates the three dimensional ground topography
within project limits.
Subsurface Utility Engineering (SUE) (section 3.14) - Surveys that identify the precise
location of above and underground utility facilities.
Environmental Surveys (section 3.15) - Surveys that identify specific locations and
boundaries which impact roadway designs (archeological sites, historic sites, wetland,
floodway, wildlife protected areas, etc.)
Right of Way Staking, Monuments, and Plats (section 3.16)
QA-QC & Ground Tests (section 3.17)
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
15
3.02 PUBLIC NOTIFICATION
No survey work is to be performed on property from which right of way may be acquired without
providing a public notification. This is to be done in accordance with the requirements of the
Eminent Domain Procedures Act for the State of South Carolina. Other means of notification are
needed if the work to be performed will be in areas that may cause concerns for security to residents
and property owners.
3.03 GEOMETRIC PLANNING
The proposed survey limits will be analyzed to determine the most efficient methodology of
collecting the required survey data. Usually, determination can be achieved through the use of
available mapping (county aerials, USGS Quads, etc.) and existing roadway plans.
After the survey methods are determined, geometrically lay out the survey control network to
achieve maximum accuracies. All survey control points will be located in safe and accessible locations.
Primary Survey Control should be set out of the proposed construction area. All survey control points
will be set within sight-able distance and view with another survey control point and should be evenly
spaced throughout the project area. Survey Control Networks should be traversable within reason.
3.04 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND MAPPING
The general requirements for aerial photography and mapping from photography are provided in
Chapter 1. The Preconstruction Surveys Engineer or the Assistant Preconstruction Surveys Engineer
must approve any modifications.
Any mapping derived from aerial photography will be supplemented by ground surveying to insure
that the mapping will provide sufficient information, detail, and accuracy needed for the project’s
design and development.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
16
3.05 PROJECT SURVEY CONTROL
The surveying requirements for the horizontal and vertical control are provided below. Many of these
standards are intended to mirror the standards found in the Standards of Practice Manual for
Surveying in South Carolina and Chapter 5 of the Federal Highway Administration’s Project
Development and Design Manual. These requirements may be modified if warranted by project
conditions. The Preconstruction Surveys Engineer or the Assistant Preconstruction Surveys Engineer
must approve any modifications.
3.05.01 SURVEY CONTROL COMPONENTS
Survey Control will consist of Primary Survey Control (PSC), Main Survey Control (MSC) and Secondary
Survey Control (SSC). The main aspects of the different Survey Control are as follows:
Primary Survey Control (PSC) o Positional coordinates are derived solely from extraterrestrial GPS observation. o PSC will be set in Azimuth Pairs at
The beginning and end of projects Spaced appropriately according to project length and Survey Control Class
Main Survey Control (MSC) o Positional coordinates may be derived from terrestrial or extraterrestrial observations o Will be spaced no more than 1,450 ft. apart o Will be inter-visible with at least two other MSC or PSC
Secondary Survey Control (SSC) o Positional coordinates derived from PSC or MSC o Will be considered Temporary
Figure 5 PROJECT CONTROL LAYOUT
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
17
All PSC points will be #5 rebar, at least 18” long, with a 2” dia. aluminum cap and set approximately
flush ground. The aluminum cap should show the Project Control Number (PCN) and PSC point
number. PSC points should be marked by a witness stake with pink flagging.
Figure 7 PRIMARY SURVEY CONTROL (PSC) CAP
3.05.02 PRIMARY AND MAIN SURVEY CONTROL DATUM REFERENCES
Coordinate values should be in the South Carolina State Plane Coordinate System or Geographic
Positions based on the National Coordinate System. Horizontal coordinate values should be in the
North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) NSR 2007 or the most current datum published by the
National Geodetic Survey (NGS). Vertical coordinate values should be in the North American Vertical
Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) or the most current datum published by the National Geodetic Survey
(NGS). If coordinates are not referenced to the National Coordinate System, identify the local
coordinate system used and its relationship to the National Coordinate System. Coordinates shall be
given in either metric or English units. The English unit in South Carolina is the international foot.
(State of South Carolina)
3.05.03 HORIZONTAL CONTROL ACCURACY
The National Geodetic Survey no longer publishes relative accuracies such as first, second or third
order. Instead, accuracies are now published as relative network positional accuracy stated at the
95% confidence level. These positional accuracies are in complete agreement with the Federal
Geographic Data Committee. (State of South Carolina)
The relative horizontal accuracy of the PSC / MSC Control Network should meet the accuracy
Stamp Point Number Here
Stamp SCDOT
Project
Control Number
Here
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
18
standards for a Class A Urban Survey and described in the Standards of Practice Manual for Surveying
in South Carolina. Those requirements are as follows:
Terrestrial (Ground) Survey
Minimum Unadjusted Closure - 1:10,000
Maximum Angular Closure - 15”√Number of Points in Traverse
Extraterrestrial (GPS) Survey
Relative Positional Accuracy - 0.07’+50PPM or 0.07’+1/20,000xPerimeter Figure 9 SURVEY CONTROL ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS
The Survey Control Network Relative Accuracy should meet the standards as published by the FHWA.
The majority of surveying projects will requirement FLH Class B accuracies for the PSC/MSC.
FLH Class PT Series Type of Survey 95% Probability Circle
A 2000 GPS 0.06 ft
B 3000 / 5000 Primary (Terrestrial or GPS) 0.10 ft
C 4000 Secondary (Terrestrial or GPS) 0.25 ft
D 6000 Cadastral (Terrestrial or GPS) 0.25 ft
E 8000 Wing Points (Terrestrial or GPS) 0.30 ft
Figure 11 FHWA POSITIONAL ACCURACY CHART
The following chart details the methodology for achieving accuracy requirements as published by the
FHWA:
PT
Series Points Rejection Limit
Stations Between
Checks Reciprocal Zeniths Traverse
3000 3D /
3R 6" from Mean
12 between Known
(GPS)
3D / 3R, 10" from
Mean
On Known
(GPS)
4000 2D /
2R 8" from Mean
20 between Known
(GPS)
1D / 1R forward &
back
On Known
(GPS)
8000 1D / 1R 5" from Mean n/a forward & back Open OK
Figure 13 FHWA TERRESTRIAL SURVEY METHODOLOGY CHART
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
19
3.05.04 SURVEYING WITH THE SOUTH CAROLINA REAL TIME NETWORK
SCDOT partnered with the South Carolina Geodetic Survey Department (SCGS) in developing the
statewide GPS Real Time Network (RTN) The minimum accuracy standards listed below is referenced
the MANUAL FOR THE PRACTICE OF LAND SURVEYING IN SOUTH CAROLINA.
Type Relative Accuracy (95%) Max PDOP Min # of Satellites Site Calibration
Static GNSS 0.07' + 1:50,000 5 4 N
Property Corner Positions
0.07' + 1:20,000 5 4 N
RTK GNSS 0.07' + 1PPM dist from
Base 3 5 Y
RTN (VRS)
GNSS 0.07' 3 5 N
Figure 15 SC GPS POSITIONAL ACCURACY CHART
All the above Geodetic Surveys will achieve the required minimum accuracy for Land Surveys. (State
of South Carolina)
Figure 17 RTN MAP, 2011
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
20
3.05.04.01 NAD83 (2007)
Below is a map showing the horizontal shift in coordinate values from the older version of NAD83
(COR96) and the current adjustment of NSR2007. (National Geodetic Survey)
Figure 19 NAD83 (NSR2007) MAP
NSR2007 data is available on the NGS marker Datasheets and is recognizable in the highlighted
example below: DE2152 ***********************************************************************
DE2152 DESIGNATION - 10 SL
DE2152 PID - DE2152
DE2152 STATE/COUNTY- SC/LEXINGTON
DE2152 USGS QUAD - POND BRANCH (1986)
DE2152
DE2152 *CURRENT SURVEY CONTROL
DE2152 ___________________________________________________________________
DE2152* NAD 83(2007)- 33 43 59.20799(N) 081 13 15.37614(W) ADJUSTED
DE2152* NAVD 88 - 148.9 (meters) 489. (feet) VERTCON
DE2152 ___________________________________________________________________
DE2152 EPOCH DATE - 2002.00
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
21
3.05.05 VERTICAL CONTROL – PROJECT BENCHMARKS (PBM)
Elevation benchmarks will be established at intervals ranging from 1,000 feet not to exceed 1,600
feet {English} or 487 meters {Metric} near the project alignments or baselines. Level readings for
benchmarks will be to the hundredth of a foot (0.01) {English} or to the millimeter (0.001) {Metric}.
The maximum allowable error of closure for English unit surveys is 0.05 foot multiplied by the square
root of the length of the level run in miles. The maximum allowable error of closure for Metric unit
surveys is 12 millimeters multiplied by the square root of the length of the level run in kilometers.
The elevations will be tied to a minimum of one vertical benchmark in the National Geodetic Control
Network that is classified with appropriate published vertical accuracy. Further ties will be made to all
National Geodetic Control Network benchmarks in the vicinity of the project that can be recovered.
The North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) will be used unless otherwise specified. Any
data that might be used from any previous projects must be verified for accuracy and vertical datum.
Historically, some projects have been oriented to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929
(NGVD29) and some to assumed datum.
In addition to other requirements that may be specified under the SCDOT Highway Design Manual, a
table will be provided within the design and construction plans, which lists all benchmarks set for the
project. This table will state the vertical datum. For each benchmark, the following will be provided:
an approximate northing and easting, an alignment or baseline station and offset reference,
elevation, and description of the mark. Additionally, all elevations for National Geodetic Control
Network benchmarks tied to will be documented.
3.05.06 DOCUMENTATION OF PSC, MSC, AND PBM
A full sized plan sheet will be prepared showing a Project Datum Description, tabulated list of PSCs
and MSCs, an appropriate to the Datum Description, a tabulated list of PBMS, and a Surveyor’s
Certificate in addition to the requirements covered under the SCDOT Highway Design Manual.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
22
3.05.06.01 DATUM DESCRIPTIONS
The coordinate systems developed for each project will be described by a DATUM DESCRIPTION. The
DATUM DESCRIPTION will be one of the following types:
GRID State Plane Coordinate System
LOCALIZED State Plane Coordinate System
ASSUMED Coordinate System***
GRID State Plane Coordinate System (GSPCS) Datum Descriptions will be used for projects that
where the MSC coordinate values are true Grid Coordinates. A Combined Scale Factor will be applied
when measuring horizontal ground distance between these points. A GSPCS Datum Description is as
follows:
THE GRID COORDINATE SYSTEM DEVELOPED FOR THIS PROJECT IS BASED ON NAD83 (ADJUSTMENT
DATA) SOUTH CAROLINA STATE PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEM. A COMBINED SCALE FACTOR FOR
EACH PRIMARY SURVEY CONTROL POINT IS GIVEN AND MUST BE APPLIED TO HORIZONTAL
GROUND DISTANCES. ELEVATIONS FOR THIS PROJECT ARE BASED ON NAVD88 VALUES FOR PBM
NUMBER __ WITH AN ELEVATION OF 123.45’
LOCALIZED State Plane Coordinate System (LSPCS) Datum Description will be used for projects
where the PSC coordinate values have been scaled from grid to reflect ground coordinates. Scale
factors are not applied when measuring horizontal ground distances. The LSPCS Datum Description is
as follows:
THE LOCALIZED COORDINATE SYSTEM DEVELOPED FOR THIS PROJECT IS BASED ON THE
NAD83(ADJUSTMENT DATA) SOUTH CAROLINA STATE PLANE COORDINATE FOR THE PRIMARY
SURVEY CONTROL POINT NUMBER __ WITH A NORTHING OF 123456.7890 AND AN EASTING OF
1234567.8901. THE AVERAGE COMBINED SCALE FACTOR (GROUND TO GRID) IS 0.123456789.
ELEVATIONS FOR THIS PROJECT ARE BASED ON NAVD88 VALUES FOR PROJECT BENCH MARK
NUMBER __ WITH AN ELEVATION OF 123.45’
***ASSUMED Coordinate Systems should only be used when extending or adding to an existing
project that is not tied to SCSPS. Prior approval must be obtained from the SCDOT Preconstruction
Survey Office before an ASSUMED Coordinate System is used.
ASSUMED Coordinate System (ACS) Datum Description will be used for projects that are not based
on South Carolina State Plane Coordinates and reads as follows:
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
23
THIS ASSUMED COORDINATE SYSTEM DEVELOPED FOR THIS PROJECT IS BASED ON PRIMARY
SURVEY CONTROL POINT NUMBER __ WITH A FALSE NORTHING OF 10,000.00 AND A FALSE
EASTING OF 50,000.00. ELEVATIONS FOR THIS PROJECT ARE BASED ON NAVD88 VALUES FOR
PROJECT BENCH MARK NUMBER __ WITH AN ELEVATION OF 123.45’.
-Or-
THIS ASSUMED COORDINATE SYSTEM DEVELOPED FOR THIS PROJECT IS BASED ON PRIMARY
SURVEY CONTORL POINT NUMBER __ WITH A FALSE NORTHING OF 10,000.00 AND A FALSE
EASTING OF 50,000.00. ELEVATIONS FOR THIS PROJECT ARE BASED ON ASSUMED VALUES FOR
PROJECT BENCH MARK NUMBER __ WITH AN ELEVATION OF 123.45’.
3.05.06.02 SURVEY CONTROL DATA TABLES
A table for each project will include the following information for each survey control point:
PSC Control Point Number Station / Offset Northing Easting Elevation Description Combined Scale Factor
MSC Control Point Number Station / Offset Northing Easting Elevation Description
PBM Control Point Id Number Station / Offset Northing Easting Elevation Description
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
24
3.05.07 SURVEY CONTROL REQUIREMENTS FOR INTERSTATE REHABILITATION
In addition to the requirements for Survey Control as described above, the Contractor shall be
responsible for establishing of a Survey Control Network (SCN) for Interstate Rehabilitation and Cross
Slope Verification projects in accordance with the following;
1. All survey work will be performed under the direct supervision of a register South Carolina Professional
Land Surveyor and in accordance with the manual of Practice for Land Surveying in South Carolina
2. SCN will include the following:
a. Primary Survey Control (PSC) will include the following:
i. PSC points will be 18” #5 Rebar with a 2” aluminum cap.
ii. Horizontal coordinates will be SCSPG NAD83 (2007 or current adjustment).
iii. Accuracy Standards found in the SCDOT PSM
iv. PSC pairs will be spaced no greater than 600’ apart
v. All PSC will be tied to the Vertical Control
b. Vertical Control – Project Bench Marks (PBM) will include the following:
i. PBM points will be a Rail Spike, preferably in a tree, out of construction zone
ii. Vertical Datum will be NAVD88
iii. PBMs will be referenced to the nearest Geodetic Vertical Monument
c. Main Survey Control (MSC) will include the following:
i. MSC points will be 8” bridge spikes or similar material
ii. Horizontal and Vertical data established from PSC and PBM
3. Existing Horizontal Alignment (EHA) will include the following:
a. Based on existing construction plan alignment data
b. Best fit of existing construction plan alignment data
4. Reference Horizontal Alignments (RHA) will include the following:
a. Based on existing roadway features as Surveyed
b. Stationing to correspond to the EHA as much as possible
c. Alignment Geometry will comply with the SCDOT Highway Design Manual
d. The EHA & RHA may reflect the exact same information.
5. RHA Offset Reference Marking (ORM) will include the following:
a. ORM methods will be conducive to project conditions and may include the following:
I. 36” / 48” stakes marked with white flagging or paint
II. Paint marks on barrier walls
b. Will be marked with referenced RHA station and offset from alignment
c. Will be set at an offset that will be safe and useful for the CEIs
d. Will be set normal to RHA stations at the following locations;
i. Begin & end of Superelevation (SE)
ii. Flat Cross Slopes within SE Transitions
iii. “Remove Crown” stations
iv. Begin & End of maximum SE
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
25
v. Horizontal PCs & PTs
6. Survey Control Report (SCR) will contain the following information;
a. Datum Description for the SCN
b. Declared accuracy of the SCN
c. Values for the PSC that includes:
i. PSC point number
ii. Horizontal Coordinates
iii. Combined Scaled Factors
iv. Elevations
d. Values for the PBM will include the following:
i. PBM Description including a reference number
ii. Approximate Horizontal Coordinates
iii. Elevation
e. Values for the MSC that include:
i. MSC point number
ii. Horizontal coordinates
iii. Elevations
f. Coordinate Geometry for all project alignments (EHA & RHA)
g. Surveyor Certification signed and sealed by a registered South Carolina Professional Land
Surveyor
Figure 21 CROSS SLOPE VERIFICATION LAYOUT
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
26
The contractor will be responsible for the surveyed cross section data of the project in accordance with the
following;
1. All survey work will be performed under the direct supervision of a registered South Carolina
Professional Land Surveyor
2. All located cross section data will be collected from PSC points
3. All located cross section data will be collected from the nearest PSC point.
4. Vertical accuracy for each point along the located cross section shall be within 0.04’.
Figure 23 SURVEY CONTROL NETWORK FOR REHAB EXAMPLE MAP
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
27
The Department reserves the right to verify, at the Departments discretion, any information, data,
accuracies, material, or methodology corresponding to the Survey Controls including, but not limited,
to the following:
1. “Raw” data from data collection software
2. CAD files
3. Written survey notes
4. Daily work logs
Figure 25 CROSS SLOPE VERIFICATION CONTROL
3.05.08 FINAL SURVEY REPORT
A Final Survey Report will be developed for use in the final construction plans to be included in either
the Reference Data Sheet or on a Survey Control Reference Data Sheet. This report should be in a
spreadsheet format like Excel and will have the following components, each on a separate worksheet
or tab;
1. Datum Description - Includes one of the formats shown above in Datum Descriptions
2. Primary Survey Control – Includes data as shown above in Survey Control Data Tables
3. Project Benchmarks – Includes data as shown above in Survey Control Data Tables
4. Main Survey Control – Includes data as shown above in Survey Control Data Tables
Figure 27 Final Survey Report Spreadsheet Tabs
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
28
3.06 EXISTING ROADWAY SURVEYS / PAVEMENT DTMS
All SCDOT Safety recommendations should be followed when collecting survey data on existing
roadway and when on SCDOT right of way.
Existing paved roadway surfaces will be surveyed using break-lines with surveyed points located on a
cross section at predetermined station intervals. Generally most roadways cross-sections include
edge of pavements and crown points. Depending on the existing roadway conditions, number of
lanes, etc, more topographic points will collected. The distance between each located shot of
roadway features should not exceed 50 feet.
Figure 29 HIGHWAY SURVEY EXAMPLE
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
29
In many cases, it is required to replace the existing Edge of Pavement (EP) shots/breaks with ground
surveys and delete the aerial mapping EP Breaklines. Some aerial surveys are performed at low
altitudes and meet accuracy requirements and will not need to be replaced.
ROADWAY LOCATIONS – CROSS SECTION VIEW
Figure 30 ROADWAY SURVEY DETAIL – CROSS SECTION
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
30
3.07 DRAINAGE SURVEYS
Rivers, Stream, Creeks, and Outfall Ditches will all be surveyed in varying distances as per project
scope and engineering requirements. Drainage feature are commonly surveyed up and down-stream
400 feet as measured from the end of the drainage structure. The following are some general
guidelines for locating and collecting cross section survey data.
3.07.01 OUTFALL DITCHES, STREAMS, & CREEKS LESS THAN 3 FEET WIDE
Provide two (2) Top of Bank (TS), Creek (CR), or Ditch (DL) along the top outside edge of feature.
Provide a Drain line (ODL) feature along the deepest section of the feature.
Figure 32 OUTFALL DRAINAGE SURVEY DETAIL – CROSS SECTION
Figure 34 OUTFALL DITCH SURVEY EXAMPLE
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
31
3.07.02 OUTFALL DITCHES, STREAMS, & CREEKS MORE THAN 3 FEET WIDE
Provide two (2) Top of Bank (TS), Creek (CR), or Ditch (DL) along the top outside edge of feature.
Provide two (2) Drain Lines (ODL) along the toe or bottom of the feature.
Figure 36 OUTFALL DRAINAGE SURVEY DETAIL – CROSS SECTION
Figure 38 OUTFALL DITCH SURVEY EXAMPLE 2
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
32
3.08 HORIZONTAL / BEST FIT ALIGNMENTS
3.08.01 RE-ESTABLISHING EXISTING ALIGNMENTS
The SCDOT considers roadways and associated features, as constructed, as monuments to the
existing right of ways and reference alignments. It is a requirement to research and compile all
existing roadway construction and right of ways plans from the SCDOT and county or municipalities.
The surveyor must be able to combine the intent of the original, or most current, plans with the
existing roadway to establish a Best Fit Existing Roadway Alignment. In turn, the surveyor will take
the original, or most current, plans depicting right of ways and create a Best Fit Right of Way using
the Best Fit Roadway Alignment.
3.08.02 ESTABLISHING OUTFALL ALIGNMENTS
Reference alignments are calculated for outfall drainage features. These alignments are created and
calculated as follows:
Alignments generally run South to North
Alignments consist of Non-Tangent lines with Non-Tangent Points of Intersection
NTPI are calculated in the center of and at major bends in the ditches
Extend the Tangent closest to the interesting roadway alignment
Alignments will be named OFL01, OFL02, etc.
Figure 40 OUTFALL DRAINAGE ALIGNMENT
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
33
3.09 PROPERTY AND RIGHT OF WAYS SURVEYS
All surveying of existing Right of Ways shall adhere to the standards, practices, and policies set forth
in the Standards of Practice Manual for Surveying in South Carolina. Base mapping of existing Right of
Ways, Easements, Property, and/or other real property rights must be developed to a sufficient level
of accuracy to support due process for Right of Way appraisal and acquisition. (Survey, 2008)
3.09.01 RE-ESTABLISHING EXISTING RIGHT OF WAYS
The SCDOT considers roadways and associated features, as constructed, as monuments to the
existing Right of Ways and reference alignments. It is a requirement to research and compile all
existing roadway construction and right of ways plans from the SCDOT and county or municipalities.
The surveyor must be able to combine the intent of the original, or most current, plans with the
existing roadway to establish a Best Fit Existing Roadway Alignment. In turn, the surveyor will take
the original, or most current, plans depicting right of ways and create a Best Fit Right of Way using
the Best Fit Roadway Alignment. All existing Right of Ways established for the project must be
referenced to a SCDOT Project File No.
3.09.02 DEPICTING PRIVATE PROPERTY
A thorough search of the public record will be made to identify and review deeds and plats applicable
to the boundaries of the properties that will be affected by the project. Instruments for easements
and rights of way that are part of the public record will also be reviewed and identified. Where
ground conditions indicate the existence of easements or rights of way, sufficient contacts and
research will be made to identify the easement or right of way.
An extensive search will be made to locate all property monuments identified from research and will
be within the limits of any new right of way or construction for the project. All property corners will
be located from MSC points.
Boundary surveys of individual parcels are not normally performed for individual parcels. The side
lines for properties immediately adjacent to SCDOT Right of Ways are generally developed by utilizing
the position of the found monuments, the property boundary information in deeds and plats, ground
evidence of ownership lines, information from property owners, and sources of information for right
of way and easement lines.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
34
Property owner information will be tabulated in an excel spreadsheet (123456prop.xlsx) showing the
following information:
Owner Name(s)
Property and Mailing addresses
Deed Book and Page, Plat Book and Page Reference
Tax Map Reference
Total Acreage per records
Copies of all documents collected will be compiled, organized, and bound into one of two project
notebooks and submitted to the DEPARTMENT:
Deeds / Documents
Plats / Maps
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
35
3.10 BRIDGE / CULVERT SURVEYS
Bridge Surveys will be performed to provide both accurate bridge planimetry and appurtenance
locations as well as DTM information for hydrographic and bridge design.
Figure 42 HIGHWAY BRIDGE SURVEY EXAMPLE
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
36
3.10.01 BRIDGE PLANIMETRY
Bridge structures will be shown in the survey planimetry file. When locating features that are used in
both the plannimetric and DTM files (such as Edge of Pavement, Crown, etc), do not extend them
across the bridge decks. Bridges should be located by four corners for a tangent structure. For curved
structures, outline the structure sufficiently show the location in a plan view. Other pertinent
plannimetric data to be surveyed or mapped are as follows:
Bridge Seams
Abutments (Endwalls, wingwalls, etc)
Centerline Bridge Seats with Elevations
Riding utilities
Low Beam Elevation
High water elevation.
Normal edge of water.
Flood Way & 100 year Flood (Floodplain) location.
BRIDGE LOCATION - PLAN VIEW
Figure 44 BRIDGE SURVEY DETAIL – PLAN VIEW
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
37
3.10.02 ELEVATIONS ON BRIDGE STRUCTURE
Seat elevations of End Bents and Caps will be collected using a Spot Elevation (X) feature code along
with any descriptions necessary.
Figure 46 BRIDGE SURVEY DETAIL – CROSS SECTION VIEW
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
38
3.10.03 WATER ELEVATION LOCATION
Normal Water Elevation (NWE) and High Water Elevation (HWE) are singular point location shots.
When locating the NEW location, note the date and time of survey. When locating the HWE, note the
method of determination.
Figure 48 BRIDGE SURVEY DETAIL – WATER ELEVATIONS
3.10.04 BRIDGE DTM AND HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
In surveying for DTM information, topographic features need to be located as if the bridge decks do
not exist. Breaklines need to be collected along the following features:
Top back of headwalls, endwalls, wingwalls, etc,
Bottom front of headwalls, endwalls, concrete embankments, etc.
Top and bottom of roadway ditches feeding into stream / river
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
39
3.10.05 BRIDGE – STREAM CROSS SECTIONS
Surveyed stream cross-sections will extend a minimum of 500 ft. upstream and downstream of the
proposed bridge location, with cross-section intervals no greater than on 100 ft stations. Include
cross-section data at the proposed bridge face locations (both upstream face and downstream face)
(Survey, 2008). Cross section data will points will include the following:
Top of stream / river banks
Toe or bottom of stream / river banks
Thalweg (lowest point) of stream / river.
3.10.06 BLUE LINE STREAM
A BLUE LINE STREAM is defined as having a consistent flow throughout the year and is marked on a
topographic quad map. Locate these streams with the Blue Line Stream (BLS) feature code.
Figure 50 BRIDGE DTM SURVEY – CROSS SECTION VIEW
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
40
3.10.07 DEEP WATER SURVEYS
SCDOT provides no directive or guideline for deep water channel cross sections. All surveying
procedures and methods are required to meet or exceed the provisions found in the MANUAL FOR
THE PRACTICE OF LAND SURVEYING IN SOUTH CAROLINA. The Department may request proof of
professional competency and/or a special certification for large Hydrographic or Bathymetric surveys.
3.10.08 CULVERT SURVEYS
Survey culverts by locating the inside face of the inlet and outlet sections. If the culvert has Wingwalls
or Headwalls, survey them by locating the top front of beginning and end. If the culvert has a
concrete apron, survey it by locating the out edges. DTM shots are needed at the culvert locations,
apron locations, and behind the wing walls. The following information will need to be included:
Culvert Locations need to include the culvert inside dimensions
Multi-Barrel culverts are located by Barrel.
Wingwall & Headwall locations need to include wall width.
Figure 51 CULVERT SURVEY DETAIL – PLAN VIEW
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
41
3.10.09 CULVERTS IN PERENNIAL STREAMS
For culverts crossing perennial streams, cross-section data of the stream must be collected for a
minimum of 100 ft from the culvert inlet and outlet. Cross-section data will be collected at a
maximum of 25 ft stations. (Survey, 2008).
Figure 53 CULVERT SURVEY EXAMPLE
3.10.10 DRAINAGE PIPES
Locate storm sewer pipes with the following information:
Pipe size
Pipe Material
Invert Elevation
End Treatments (Flared end, Beveled, etc.)
Special field conditions (crushed end, fully silted, etc)
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
42
3.10.11 MINOR HEADWALLS AND WINGWALLS
Locate Minor Structure wing and head walls in the same fashion as major structures. Walls are not
included in the DTM file, so be sure to collect sufficient elevation data around the structures.
Figure 55 MINOR DRAINAGE WINGWALL
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
43
3.10.12 INLET STRUCTURES
Curb Inlets are generally located with a minimal amount of shots depicting the following information:
Center Top of Structure with structure code and description of type or size
Curb Flow Line Elevation Shot
Figure 57 CATCH BASIN LOCATIONS
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
44
Drop inlets are located similarly to catch inlets:
Center Top of Structure with structure code and description of type or size
Center Top Elevation Shot
Grates larger than 3’x3’ should be located by corners as well
Locate concrete aprons with Concrete codes
3.11 RAILROAD SURVEYS
All projects that require land acquisition or encroachment permits from a Railroad Company will
require the following survey information for plan development:
Location of all railroad appurtenances
Existing drainage structures and flow patterns
Railroad right of way
All mile markers within the project or reference to the nearest railroad mile marker (milepost
shot must tie to something)
If a project involves a parallel encroachment on the railroad right of way, include the following
information in the survey:
Distance to tracks (all measurements are referenced from the centerline of the tracks)
Cross sections from the project to mainline tracks with ground line & top of rail elevations
Topography to the mainline tracks
All drainage structures and channels between the road project and mainline tracks with
elevations of flow line and top of structures
Nearest railroad right of way line to road project
If a project involves a grade separating crossing, include the centerline of the railroad a minimum of
200 feet left and right of the roadway survey centerline with appropriate topography and cross
section at 25 foot intervals.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
45
Figure 59 RAILROAD SURVEY EXAMPLE
3.12 PLANIMETRIC SURVEYS
All cultural (man-made) and natural features pertinent to the roadway project will be located and
mapped. These items include, but are not limited to the following:
Roadways, curb and gutter, paved areas
Sidewalks, trails
Buildings, canopies, decks, steps
Signs, mailboxes, columns, flag poles
Stately trees, ornamental trees, wooded area boundaries, shrubs
Fences, walls, guard rails,
Streams, rivers, lakes, marshes
Utility poles, telephone pedestals, meter boxes
All planimetric features should include descriptions of its material, type, species, size, condition, etc.
On projects where aerial survey was used, it will be necessary classify the planimetric features shown
in the mapping (building type, tree species and sizes).
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
46
3.13 TOPOGRAPHIC (DTM) SURVEYS
Within the pre-determined survey corridor, three dimensional data will be collected for all
topographic breaklines, natural and cultural (man-made) features, and ground survey data. All
measurements along longitudinal features or breaklines will be taken at regular intervals, not to
exceed 50 ft spacing between shots.
3.14 SUBSURFACE UTILITY ENGINEERING SURVEYS
The standard survey practice of accurately finding the location and elevation of all aboveground
utility topography will be required for most projects. For other projects, where the location of
underground utilities is considered critical to the design process, Subsurface Utility Engineering (SUE)
services shall be used.
SUE is a method for identifying the location of subsurface utilities at various levels of quality. Each
quality level is defined by the thoroughness, accuracy and methods used in gathering the subsurface
utility information.
SUE Survey Feature codes are included in this manual. Please refer to the current revision of the
SCDOT SUE CADD Manual for CAD leveling and drafting resources.
3.15 ENVIROMENTAL SURVEYS
Environmental areas, such as protected species habitats, will be located as directed by the
environmental engineers. Make note of delineation or area collection methodology.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
47
3.15.01 FLOODPLAIN SURVEYS
SCDOT references Chapter 5.4.4.3 of the FHWA Project Development and Design Manual for the
required standards for surveying and mapping flood plains. Some major aspects of these standards
are as follows;
Cross-section data must include full width of the flood valley
Cross-sections should indicate the general slope & topography of the plain
Aerial surveys are often the best way to provide a comprehensive depiction of the floodplain
The figure below depicts the methodology used by FEMA for their Flood Hazard Mapping Program.
Figure 61 FLOOD PLAIN LOCATION METHODS
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
48
3.15.02 WETLAND AREAS
Wetland surveys are generally the surveyed location of an environmental engineer’s flagged
delineation of wetland areas. Locate flags noting the flag color and design and the flag number. Make
note of wetlands located by other methods (soils, vegetation, etc)
Figure 62 Wetland area example on bridge survey
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
49
3.16 PRECONSTRUCTION SURVEY STAKING & MONUMENTS
Many surveying Scope of Services will include Right of Way Staking. Effective January 01, 2011, all
new contracts that call for acquiring new right of way will include re-establishing Right of Way
Monuments and the setting of new Right of Way Monuments on the existing and new right of ways.
3.16.01 RIGHT OF WAY STAKING
TEMPORARY RIGHT OF WAY STAKING –The CONSULTANT will STAKE the designed project Right of
Way for the purpose of Right of Way acquisition and utility relocations as directed by the
DEPARTMENT. The total area STAKED will not exceed the linear equivalence of twice the entire
project Right of Way length. All Right of Way break points including POTs, PCs, PTs, and Transition
Right of Way points will be STAKED. The Right of Way along extended Tangents will be STAKED on
100’ stations and Curves will be STAKED at 50 foot stations. Right of Way STAKES will be fabricated as
follows:
36” x 2” x ¾” wooden stake
6” White band painted on the top or white flagging
Alignment side of stake will show Right of Way width – XX RW
Transition Right of Way width will be shown as – TRANS RW
Property side present Station XX+XX.XX
Figure 64 RIGHT OF WAY STAKE DETAIL
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
50
3.16.02 RIGHT OF WAY PLATS
Information for Right of Ways being performed in conjunction, and as a bid item, on a construction
project is provided in a Preconstruction Advisory Memorandum (number eight). This plat will
document the locations of all right of way markers that have been set and reflecting the “as built”
station and offset from the plan centerline. Each plat will be in accordance with the requirements of
Section 49-460-A “A General Boundary Survey” as outlined in the “Standards of Practice Manual for
Surveying in South Carolina.” A copy of the plat will be recorded, by the contractor, in the Register
Mesne Conveyance (RMC) office of the county or counties in which the project resides. The
contractor will provide one copy of the plat on a full sized plan sheet(s) (22” X 36”) and submit to the
resident construction engineer to be included in the as-built plans.
The following is from SCDOT Standard No. 809-105-00 which is to be used for all R/W Markers;
1.1 The Contractor shall prepare a Right of Way Plat signed and sealed by the South Carolina
Professional Land Surveyor in Charge. The plat will document the locations of all Right of Way
markers that have been set and reflecting the as-built station and offset from the plan centerline.
Each plat shall be in accordance with the requirements of the section 49-460-A “General
Boundary Survey” as outlined in the “Standards of Practice Manual for Surveying in South
Carolina”.
1.2 A recordable copy of the Right of Way plat shall be prepared and recorded in the RMC office f the
county or counties in which the project resides. The plat shall also be provided on a full sized plan
sheet (22” x 36”) and submitted to the resident engineer to be included in the As-Built Plans.
2.1 Right of Way (R/W) Markers will be placed to identify the station of the project. R/W Markers
shall be placed plumb and accurately at every ground accessible point along the R/W at the
Points of Curvature and Point of Tangency of curves and at even station intervals. In rural areas,
R/W markers should not be more than 700 feet apart on curves and no more than 1400 apart on
tangents. In urban areas, R/W markers should not be more than 500 feet apart for both curves
and tangents.
2.2 Use type of R/W marker (concrete post or recap & cap) as indicated in the plans or special
provisions.
2.3 R/W markers shall be installed in accordance with the following criteria:
a. At break points in the R/W lines(s)
b. Points of R/W opposite proposed curvature points of control (i.e. PC, PT)
c. Points along R/W which maintain forward and backward line of sight.
d. Maximum distance between any two markers along a continuous R/W line in 1400 ft.
e. Ideally, R/W markers shall not be placed at points which are common to property lines
and/or corners
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
51
The PLS shall set right of way markers along all new right of way lines as well as along any present
right of way being retained by the Department at intervals listed on the SCDOT Standard Drawings.
Right of way markers shall not be placed at points common to side property lines and/or corners. In
the event that the plan reflects a break in the right of way along a side property line the right of way
marker will not be set without the side property line being retraced and established by way of survey.
The PLS shall prepare a plat documenting the location of all Right of Way Markers set and reflecting
the as-built station and offset from the plan alignment. The plat shall show the entire project corridor
as an enclosed strip or parcel of land to include the mainline and all side roads as defined on the
project plan.
Figure 66 RIGHT OF WAY PLAT
3.16.03 RIGHT OF WAY MARKERS
Right of Way Markers (RWM) will be placed to identify the stationing of a project. RWM shall be
placed plumb and accurately at every ground accessible point along the Right of Way (R/W) line at
the point of curvature and point of tangency of curves and at even station intervals. In rural areas,
RWM should not be more the 700 feet apart in curves and no more than 1400 feet apart in tangents.
In urban areas, RWM should not be more than 500 apart for both curves and tangents. RWM should
not be set at points which are common to property lines and/or corners.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
52
3.17 QA-QC & GROUND TESTS
Throughout the project design levels, topographic verification and design location surveys may be
necessary to guarantee design to field conformity and that critical areas and tie-in points reflect the
sufficient level of accuracy (Survey, 2008). Some items that may be subject to testing include, but are
not limited, to the following:
Relocation Alignment tie-in points
New Alignment tie-in points
Designed outfall structure points
Proposed easements or utility location
Construction limits, slope stakes
Critical environmental areas
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
53
4.0 DATA COLLECTION FEATURE CODES & PROCEDURES
This section is provided as a courtesy and is not indented as a requirement for surveying procedures.
Use of the SCDOT Survey Feature Codes will assist in creating CADD mapping and COGO databases
that are fully compatible with SCDOT CADD Standards.
4.01 GENERAL OVERVIEW
Features will be classified as either POINT, a feature whose position can be defined by a single
measurement or total station shot, or LINE (CHAIN), which is a feature shown by a string or series of
connected points. The codes used in the description for electronic data submitted to headquarters
office must be identical to the codes described herein in order for the CADD system to recognize the
applicable features. Except for use of numbers for multiple line features, nothing else can be in or
immediately next to the feature code unless it is separated from the code by a dash at the end of the
code. Example: POT-123+86 where a space separates the Pot feature code from the station number.
Any additional description needed to describe the point can be placed after the feature code
provided a delimiter separates it. This will include such information as size and type of a pipe, size
and type of a tree, height and type of a fence etc. Examples: IP-1CP = 1” dia Crimped Iron Pipe, BM-
20LP = Bench Mark in 20” Loblolly Pine.
4.02 FEATURE CODES
SMD Codes denoted with an asterisk (*) may be amended with L or R to depict left or right of
alignment if required. Example EP can be EPL for left side or EPR for right side or just EP.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
54
4.02.01 GEOMETRIC ALIGNMENT CONTROL
Level Name (Type) SMD Lvl Color Style Weight Cell DTM/ Line
Feature No. PLN Point
RD_HC_CL (Roadway Centerline) 100 149 (0) 6 2D Line
RD_HC_Data (Geometric Data)
101 (0) 2 2D Text
Curve Data 2D Text
Bearing 2D Text
Reference Points 2D Point
Equalities 2D Text
Bearings 2D Text
Beginning and Ending Notes 2D Text
RD_HC_Data_Tic (Station marks) 102 149 (0) 3 2D
RD_HC_txCode (Geometric code) 107 0 (0) 0
ICL: Intersecting Road Centerline to define the alignment of an intersecting road without the
establishment of horizontal curve points. Also used for 300 ft profile along intersecting roads.
PIO: Point of Intersection on Outfall Alignment defines the vertexes for the Outfall Drainage
Alignments (ODL).
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
55
4.02.02 SURVEY CONTROL
Level Name (Type) SMD Lvl Color Style Weight Cell DTM/ Line
Feature No. PLN Point
RD_HC_Survey
114 149 (0) 2
Primary Survey Control PSC PSC 2D Point
Main Survey Control MSC MSC 2D Point
Project Benchmark PBM PBM 2D Point
Geodetic / NGS Control GEO GEO 2D Point
Generic Control Point CP CP 2D Point
Generic Benchmark BM BM 2D Point
RD_HC_Survey_txCode (Survey code) 214 0 (0) 0
Figure 68 SURVEY CONTROL GRAPHIC LEGEND
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
56
4.02.03 BUILDINGS, BUILDING APPURTENANCES, & CHURCHES
Level Name (Type) SMD Lvl Color Style Weight Cell DTM/ Line
Feature Code No. (Bylv) PLN Point
RD_EX_Bldg 115 6 (0) 6
Building (outline) B 2D Line
RD_EX_Bldg_txCode (Survey Codes) 116 0 (0) 0
RD_EX_BldgApp (Appurtenances) 117 6 (0) 2
Air Conditioning Unit AC AC 2D Point
Flood / Ground Light FLT FLT 2D Point
Mail Box MBX MAIL 2D Point
Res. Power Outlet OUT EOUT 2D Point
Satellite Dish SAT SAT 2D Point
Sprinkler SPK SPK 2D Point
Underground Tank (Gas, Septic) UGT UGT 2D Point
Sign Post SP SIGN 2D Point
Sign SN 2D Line
Flag Pole FP FLAG 2D Point
Columns C COL 2D Point
Square Wall Columns WC WC 2D Point
Water Monitoring Well WMW WMW 2D Point
Water Spigot SPG SPG 2D Point
Well WELL WELL 2D Point
Commercial Vacuum VAC VAC 2D Point
Fill cap for Underground Tank CAP CAP 2D Point
Canopy / Overhang on Building CNP 2D Line
Gas Pump Island GPI 2D Line
Wall W 2D Line
Clothes Line CL 2D Line
Above Ground Tank AGT 2D Line
Steps STP 2D Line
Porch Deck BPD 2D Line
Gas Pumps GPP GPP 2D Point
Planter PLT 2D Line
Walkways (non concrete) WLK
2D/3D Line
RD_EX_BldgApp_txCode (Survey Codes) 118 0 (0) 0
RD_EX_BldgChurch 119 6 (0) 6
Church, Synagogue and Mosques (outline) CRC 2D Line
Cemetery (outline) CEM 2D Line
Grave GRV GRV 2D Point
RD_EX_BldgChurch_txCode (Survey) 120 0 (0) 0
RD_EX_BldgSchool 121 6 (0) 6
School, College SCH 2D Line
RD_EX_BldgSchool_txCode (Survey) 122 0 (0) 0
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
57
STP: Steps. Need shot on each side of bottom step with number of risers in additional description.
GRV: Single grave location. Give shot at the point that appears to be closest to the survey centerline
and should be used in conjunction with CEM (Cemetery) to show graves that may be affected by the
project.
CEM: Defines cemetery boundary.
SN: Sign. Apply to a wide sign such as a billboard to define each end.
SP: Sign Post.
WEL: Well. Give shot at point on ground closest to the survey centerline. Provide additional
information as needed. For example "WEL PUMP" would designate a well with a pump and "WEL
OPEN" would designate an open well. If the well has a pump house, a point is needed for the well and
then the pump house needs to be shot as a building.
C: Column. One shot at the center of the face closest to the road. Additional description should give
dimensions and type of material. Example: C-24X24BR = 24” square brick column.
W: Wall. First shot coded W for beginning of wall line should give material and height. For example,
W-48BR will mean the first shot on a line of brick wall 48 inches tall. As long as the wall remains the
same material and approximate height, remaining description only needs to be W until you get to the
end, which will then be W to end the line.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
58
4.02.03.01 BUILDING DESCRIPTOR CHART
Construction Material Building
Code Building Usage
Usage
Code
Framed (all siding materials) F Dwelling, Residence D
Stucco S Business B
Brick B Church C
Block K Storage S
Metal M Shed H
Log L Garage G
House Trailer T
Building Condition Condition
Code
Abandoned A
Dilapidated R
Follow the building code shot with description in following order: 1) Number of stories 2) Building
Condition (when applicable) 3) Construction Material and 4) Building Usage.
Example of Building code: B-1AFD = 1 Story Abandoned Framed Dwelling
B-2KB = 2 Story Block Business
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
59
4.02.04 BRIDGES AND DAMS
Level Name (Type) SMD Lvl Color Style Weight Cell DTM/ Line
Feature Code No. (Bylv) PLN Point
RD_EX_Bridge (all) 123 27 (0) 2
Concrete Bridge BRC 2D Line
Wood Bridge BRW 2D Line
Head Wall HW 2D Line
Wing Wall WW 2D Line
Existing Culverts CVL 2D Line
Existing Bridge Piers EBP 2D Point
Existing Bridge Caps EBC 2D Point
RD_EX_Bridge_txCode (Survey) 124 0 (0) 0
RD_EX_Dam 127 223 (0) 4
Dam DAM 2D Line
RD_EX_Dam_txCode 128 0 (0) 0
BRC / BRW: Bridge-Concrete / Wood. Shot needed on each corner of the bridge.
CVL: Culvert. Shot needed on each of four corners. (Sketches in field notes)
DAM: Dam. Used to define the toe of the embankment for a dam where water is impounded away
from the survey centerline. If the centerline is on the dam, the shot should be given at the top edge
of the embankment on the side of the centerline where water is impounded.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
60
4.02.05 EROSION CONTROL AND STORM SEWER
Level Name (Type) SMD Lvl Color Style Weight Cell DTM/ Line
Feature Code No. (Bylv) PLN Point
RD_EX_DR_Inlet (Storm sewer) 133 106 (0) 2
Catch Basin CB CB 2D Point
Drop Inlet DI DI 2D Point
Junction Box JB JB 2D Point
Drainage Man Hole DMH DMH 2D Point
RD_EX_DR_Inlet_txCode (Survey) 134 0 (0) 0
RD_EX_DR_Pipe (Storm Pipes) 135 106 (0) 2
Pipes P PIPE EXIST 2D Line
RD_EX_DR_Pipe_txCode (Survey) 136 0 (0) 0
CD, MD, PD: Followed by size in inches and Pipe Code from list below. I.E. – 12AC = 12” Asbestos
Cement. Elliptical pipes are shown as Height, Width, & Material. I.E. – 14X23RC = 14”x23” Concrete.
JB: Junction Box. Since this cannot be located on the ground surface, this would normally be a
calculated location and a "?" should be placed in the additional description when applicable.
4.02.05.01 PIPE TYPE CODES
Pipe Type Pipe
Code Pipe Type
Pipe
Code
Concrete (Reinforced & other) RC Corrugated Metal CM
High Density Polyethylene HD Corrugated Plastic CP
Polyvinyl Chloride PV Orangeburg Pipe OP
Vitrified Clay VC Steel ST
Asbestos Cement AC Terra Cotta TC
Ductile Iron DI Steel Wrapped Coated SW
Cast Iron CI Truss Pipe TP
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
61
4.02.06 HYDROLOGICAL AND WETLANDS
Level Name (Type) SMD Lvl Color Style Weight Cell DTM/ Line
Feature Code No. (Bylv) PLN Point
RD_EX_H2O (Pond, Lake, Creek, etc) 149 1 (0) 2
Edge of Water (Ponds, Streams, etc) WE 2D/3D Line
Berm Ditch BD* 2D/3D Line
Creek CR* 2D/3D Line
Ditch DT* 2D/3D Line
Marsh MAR 2D/3D Line
Swamp SWP
2D/3D Line
Spring Area SPR 2D/3D Line
Existing Outfall Ditch ODL 2D/3D Line
Ditch Banks DT* 2D/3D Line
High Water Mark WH
2D Point
Normal High Water NHW NHW 2D Line
Retention Pond (Top Bank, Pond) RDP RDP 2D/3D Line
RD_EX_H20_txElev (High Water Elev)
RD_EX_H2O_txCode (Survey) 150 0 (0) 0
RD_EX_H2O_BlueLn (Blueline stream) 151 190 (0) 2
Blue Line Stream
2D Line
RD_EX_H2O_BlueLn_txCode (Survey) 152 0 (0) 0
RD_EX_H2O_WetLd (Wetland, Jursd
area) 153 189 (0) 2
Wetland Boundary WET
2D Line
RD_EX_H2O_WetLd_txCode (Survey) 154 0 (0) 0
*Add L or R to SMD Code to depict left or right of alignment if required.
SPR: Will usually be used to outline a spring area.
CR: Shot at the top of the bank on both sides of creek or stream.
DT: May be used with the ODL to locate one of the edges of an existing ditch along the survey ODL.
BD: Generally applies to the top edge of a berm ditch.
SWP, MAR, WE: Used to define the edge of a swamp, marsh, or body of water.
WH: Single shot at a high water mark.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
62
4.02.07 RIGHT OF WAY AND BOUNDARIES
Level Name (Type) SMD Lvl Color Style Weight Cell DTM/ Line
Feature Code No. PLN Point
RD_EX_DV_Gov (Munc Limits) 137 87 (0) 2
City / Town Limits, County & State
Lines
2D Line
RD_EX_DV_TX_Gov (Area ID) 141 87 (0) 2
City/County/State Text Identification 2D Text
RD_EX_DV_Prop (Lines) 138 0 (0)
Property Lines PROP LINE 2D Line
Easement Lines RW LINE 2D Line
RD_EX_DV_TX_Prop(Owner ID) 142 0 (0) 2
Property Owner Text/Tract # Id 2D Text
RD_EX_DV_Prop_txCode (Survey
Code) 139 0 (0) 0
RD_EX_DV_PropPin (Prop Corners) 140 0 (0) 2
Concrete Monument CM CM 2D Point
Property Corner IP IP 2D Point
RD_EX_DV_PropPin_txCode (Survey) (0)
The ability to determine the location of property corners and lines during the field survey is
dependent upon varying ground evidence conditions, availability of recorded property plats, and
availability of deeds and property descriptions that can readily be identified on the ground from
available evidence. Due to the flexibility that must be afforded, the survey crew chief is to apply his
judgment for the conditions that apply to each land parcel. Codes alone cannot be expected to fully
describe property boundaries.
The following codes apply to coordinate points stored in the electronic data file. This data must still
be accompanied by field drawings by the survey crew of property, copies of plats, tax maps, or other
available documents that can relate property boundaries to the highway project. These drawings,
plats, etc. should have the point numbers labeled on them at the points' corresponding location.
All property corner and right of way shots should include measurement for a description. All
measurements should be from the outer most edge of item. Diameter measurements should always
be measured to the outside edge of pipe.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
63
All property and right of way points will be located to their center-most point of the top of the item.
Disturbed or Bent items should include a description of location method as well as condition and
measurement.
LOP, LOE: Occupational or Easement Line (2 Shots on Line). This will be useful for fence lines or other
ground features that are used as the property or easement line.
4.02.07.01 RIGHT OF WAY AND PROPERTY MARKER DESCRIPTION CHART
Marker Type Code Marker Type Code
Right of Way Concrete Monument RW Misc Property Corner MC
Right of Way Stamped Cap RWC Nail NL
Right of Way Line RWL Nail & Cap NC
Angle Iron AI Occupation Line OP
Axle XL Open Pipe OP
Bolt BT Crimped Pipe CP
Cedar Marker CR PK Nail PK
Concrete Monument CM Railroad Spike RR
Disturbed or Bent Property Corner DB Rebar RB
Etched "X" EX Rod RD
Flat Iron FI Spike SK
Mag Nail MN Square Bolt SB
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
64
4.02.08 ROADS, PAVEMENT, AND CONCRETE
Level Name (Type) SMD Lvl Color Style Weight Cell DTM/ Line
Feature No. (Bylv) PLN Point
RD_EX_Driveway (Non-conc) 129 81 (0) 2
Dirt Drives D 129 81 2 2D/3D Line
Asphalt Drives DP 129 81 2 2D/3D Line
RD_EX_Driveway_txCode (Survey) 130 0 (0) 0
RD_EX_Conc 125 221 (0) 2
Face of Curb CF* 2D/3D Line
Misc Curb, Top of Curb MC* 2D/3D Line
Concrete Median MDC 2D/3D Line
Roadway Crown CRW 2D/3D Line
Sidewalk, Back of Sidewalk SW* 2D/3D Line
Concrete Driveway DC 2D/3D Line
Concrete Pad / Slab CPD 2D/3D Line
RD_EX_Conc_txCode (Survey) 126 0 (0) 0
RD_EX_Road (Edge of pvmt, soil
road,etc) 159 14 (0) 3
Edge of Pavement EP* 2D/3D Line
Edge of Dirt Road ER* 3 2D/3D Line
Valley Gutter VG* 2D/3D Line
RD_EX_Road_txCode (Survey) 160 0 (0) 0
CF: Face of Curb of Curb and Gutter. Give shot at the gutter point of the face. Additional description
with the first point CF should identify whether it is 18 inch or 24 inch wide type. This only needs to be
given with the point to start the line. Example CF-18 = Begin 18” Face of Curb
VG: Valley Gutter. Used for a paved ditch. Give shot at flow line point and provide additional
description with VG to identify width and paving material. If width changes appreciably at other
points, give different widths in additional description.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
65
4.02.09 FENCES & GUARDRAIL
Level Name (Type) SMD Lvl Color Style Weight Cell DTM/ Line
Feature No. (Bylv) PLN Point
RD_EX_Fnce_ChLk 143 6 (0) 2
Chain Link Fence CLFR
CLFL FENCE - CLF 2D Line
RD_EX_Fnce_ChLk_txCode (Survey) 144 0 0 0
RD_EX_Fnce_Other (Non-chain, woven) 145 245 (0) 2
Privacy Fence (Board), Picket, Vinyl FR,FL FENCE LINE 2D Line
RD_EX_Fnce_Other_txCode (Survey) 146 0 (0) 0
RD_EX_GuardRail (Guardrail & Post) 147 22 (0) 2
Guardrail including Connectors GR EX GR RT EX GR
LT 2D Line
Posts or Anchors with Type Description GA GA 2D Point
RD_EX_GuardRail_txCode (Survey) 148 0 (0) 0
The Fence points designate the beginning of a fence line. Should include size and material using the
Fence Type Code as shown below: I.E. – F-84CB = 84” Commercial Chainlink with Barbed Wire.
GR: Give shots along the edge of the guardrail closest to the survey centerline.
4.02.09.01 FENCE TYPE CODES
Fence Type Fence
Code Fence Type
Fence
Code
Chainlink C PVC PV
Vinyl V Commercial Chainlink CC
Wrought Iron W Commercial Chainlink with Barbed
Wire CB
Wood Board WB Picket PT
Split Rail SR Privacy PY
Barbed Wire BW Electric Wire EW
Chicken Wire CW Welded Wire WW
Woven Wire WV Mesh Wire MW
Hog Wire HW Smooth Wire SW
Post & Rail PR High Tensile Wire TW
Aluminum AL Wood Lattice WL
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
66
4.02.10 RAILROADS
Level Name (Type) SMD Lvl Color Style Weight Cell DTM/ Line
Feature No. (Bylv) PLN Point
RD_EX_RailRoad 157 7 (0) 2
RR Track RR RAIL ROAD
LINE 2D/3D Line
Signal Box RRB RRB 2D Point
Mile Post RRM RRM 2D Point
Signal RRS RRS 2D Point
Trestle RRT RRT 2D Line
Crossing Arm RRX RRX 2D Point
RD_EX_RailRoad_txCode (Survey) 158 0 (0) 0
RR: Railroad Track. If track crosses the centerline, need to give shots on each rail for a distance of 300
feet or other specified distance left and right of the survey centerline. Each rail must be completed
from beginning to end before another rail can be recorded. If the tracks are left or right of, and in the
general direction of the survey centerline, shots are needed on the rail closest to the survey
centerline only.
RRS: Shot on post at edge point closest to survey centerline.
RRX: Shot on post at edge point closest to survey centerline.
RRM: Give mile number in additional description.
RRT: Give four shots to define the four corners of the trestle beginning with RRTA and ending with
RRTB.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
67
4.02.11 UTILITY FEATURES (NON – SUE)
Level Name (Type) SMD Lvl Color Style Weight Cell DTM/ Line
Feature Code No. PLN Point
RD_EX_UT (Non -SUE) 164 3 (0) 2
Overhead Electric Lines OP ELEC LINE ABOVE 2D Line
Power Poles PP PP 2D Point
Meter Poles MP MP 2D Point
Light Poles LP LP 2D Point
Power Line Tower PLT PLT 2D Point
Electric Transformer Box ETB ETB 2D Point
Electrical Pedestal EPP EPP 2D Point
Traffic Signal Pole TSP TSP 2D Point
Traffic Signal Box TSJ TSJ 2D Point
Overhead Phone Lines OT PHONE LINE
ABOVE 2D Line
U/G Fiber Optic Lines FOL FIBER OPTIC 2D Line
U/G Phone Lines UT PHONE LINE BELOW 2D Line
U/G TV Lines UTV TV LINE
UNDERGROUND 2D Line
Telephone Pole TP TP 2D Point
Telephone Booth TB TB 2D Point
Cell Phone Tower TCW TCW 2D Point
Telephone Pedestal TPED TPED 2D Point
Telephone Box TBX TBX 2D Point
TV Pedestal TV TV 2D Point
Guy Wires GW GW 2D Point
Guy Pole GP GP 2D Point
Misc Pole OP OP 2D Point
U/G Water Lines UW WATER LINE 2D Line
Fire Hydrant FH FH 2D Point
Water Meter WM WM 2D Point
Water Valve WV WV 2D Point
U/G Gas Lines UG GAS LINE 2D Line
Gas Valve GV GV 2D Point
Gas Meter GM GM 2D Point
Existing Sewer Lines SS SANITARY SEWER 2D Line
Septic Tanks UGT UGT 2D Point
Sanitary Sewer Manhole SMH SMH 2D Point
Sanitary Sewer Cleanout Vent SSC SSC 2D Point
Utility Witness Post WTS WTS 2D Point
RD_EX_UT_txCode (Survey Code) 165 0 (0) 0
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
68
UGC: Shows the approximate location of a line of underground utility cable and should provide
additional description.
AGT: Define by giving 4 shots, one at the horizontal position of each corner of a plane through the
center of the tank.
GPI: Need two shots, one at each end of the side facing the survey centerline. Provide width by
additional description.
PP: Give pole number if available in additional description.
TP: Give pole number if available in additional description.
GW: Guy Wire. Shot at the point where wire is fastened to ground.
SS: Sanitary Sewer. Give size, if known in additional information. If shot is not at the flow-line,
designate by placing NFL in additional information. Example: SS-6RCNFL = 6” dia. sanitary sewer line
without the point elevation equal to the flow line.
WL: Give an additional description for size and material.
GL: Shot on ground at approximate location of underground gas line.
ST: Approximate outline of tank should be shot with four shots.
TW: Need point for each of four corners. Also, high voltage power lines.
SAT: Satellite Dish. One shot at point closest to survey centerline.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
69
4.02.12 VEGETATION AND TREES
Level Name (Type) SMD Lvl Color Style Weight Cell DTM/ Line
Feature No. (Bylv) PLN Point
RD_EX_VEG (Vegetation) 166 2 (0) 2
Tree (General use) T T1 2D Point
Pampas Grass PG PAMPAS TPG 2D Point
Shrub S SB1 2D Point
Shrub Line SL SHRUB LINE 2D Line
Hedge Row H SHRUB LINE 2D Line
Wooded Area TL,TR TREE_LINE_LT
TREE_LINE_RT 2D Line
Flower Bed F 2D Line
RD_EX_VEG_txCode (Survey Code) 167 0 (0) 0
Additional distinguishing information is required for all trees. For example, a 48-inch diameter Live
Oak tree would have the description T-48LO
4.02.12.01 SUGGESTED TREE SPECIES DESCRIPTION CODES.
Code Tree Code Tree Code Tree Code Tree
AB American Beech CP Cabbage Palmetto SW Sourwood PM Plum
AE American Elm CT Southern Catalpa TO Turkey Oak PR Pear
AH American Holly CY Bald Cypress VP Virginia Pine HL Honeylocust
AS American Sycamore EH Eastern Hemlock WA White Ash LL Laurel Oak
BC Black Cherry ER Eastern Redbud WB White Basswood LO Live Oak
BE Boxelder FD Flowering Dogwood BB Bayberry LP Loblolly Pine
BJ Black Jack Oak HB American Hornbeam BW Black Walnut MB Red Mulberry
BL Black Locust PC Peach BY Sweet Bay SB Sugarberry
BN Black Willow PM Persimmon CN Swamp Chestnut Oak SC Spruce Pine
BO Black Oak WE Winged Elm CO Chestnut Oak SF Sassafras
BT Black Tupelo WO Water Oak OK White Oak SG Sweetgum
AP Apple WP Eastern Whine Pine OO Overcup Oak AT Apricot
WN Walnut WT Water Tupelo OW Willow Oak MH Longleaf Pine
SH Shagbark Hickory YP Yellow Poplar PE Pecan MN Mockernut Hickory
SL Shortleaf Pine BK Blackberry PH Pignut Hickory NR Northern Red Oak
SM Southern Magnolia BU Blueberry PN Common Persimmon RC Eastern Red Cedar
SO Scarlet Oak CR Cherry PO Post Oak RM Red Maple
SP Slash Pine CU Chestnut PP Pond Pine RB River Birch
SR Southern Red Oak CR Cranberry
Example 12” River Birch = T-12RB
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
70
4.02.13 MISCELLANEOUS
Level Name (Type) SMD Lvl Color Style Weight Cell DTM/ Line
Feature No. (Bylv) PLN Point
RD_EX_Misc (Miscellaneous Data) 155 5 (0) 2
Misc Point MSP MSP 2D Point
Misc Line MSL 2D Line
Misc Graphics (N Arrow, etc) NA 2D
RD_EX_Misc_txCode (Survey) 156 0 (0) 0
NOTE: Do NOT use the Miscellaneous Codes for features that should be used in the DTM.
MSP: Miscellaneous Point can be used for any point for a feature not coded. MSP must be followed
first by a space and then a sufficient description to identify the feature.
MSL: Miscellaneous Line can be used to define and locate a line feature not coded. The starting MSL
must be followed by sufficient description to identify the feature.
4.02.14 TOPOGRAPHIC, BREAKLINES, AND SPOT ELEVATIONS
Level Name (Type) SMD Lvl Color Style Weight Cell DTM/ Line
Feature Code No. (Bylv) PLN Point
RD_DTM_Bkln1 425 14 (0) 0
Breakline BL 3D Line
Bottom of Slope, Toe of Slope BS 3D Line
Drain Field DF 3D Line
Flow-Line of Ditch ODL 3D Line
Roadway Crown CRW 3D Line
Top of Slope, Shoulder Break TS
3D Line
RD_DTM_Elev_Node 4 SPOT 3D Point
Spot Elevation X SPOT 3D Point
Spot Elevation on Roadway Profile CL SPOT 3D Point
RD _DTM_Bkln_txCode (Survey) 0 (0)
BL: Use for any topographic feature of elevation break over ground, pavement, parking, etc.
DF: use for drain field of drainage swales.
ODL: Use for the flow-line of ditch, preferably beginning at the higher end of ditch and running
downstream.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
71
4.03 SUE FEATURE CODES
4.03.01 ELECTRIC UTILITIES
Feature Feature
Code
DTM
PLN
Linear
Point SUE Electric
Record U/G Lines & Labels PLN LINE
Designated U/G Lines & Labels UES PLN LINE
Transformer Box ETBS PLN POINT
Power Manhole PMS PLN POINT
Power Hand Hole PHHS PLN POINT
4.03.02 TELECOMMUNICATION UTILITIES
Feature Feature
Code
DTM
PLN
Linear
Point SUE Telecommunications
Record U/G Lines & Labels PLN LINEAR
Designated U/G Lines & Labels UTS,UTVS PLN LINEAR
Cable TV Pedestal TVS PLN POINT
Telephone Pedestal TPPS PLN POINT
Telephone Manhole TMHS PLN POINT
Fiber Optic Hand Hole FHHS PLN POINT
Telephone Hand Hole THHS PLN POINT
Cable TV Hand Hole TVHHS PLN POINT
4.03.03 UTILITY POLES AND OVERHEAD UTILITIES
Feature Feature
Code
DTM
PLN
Linear
Point
SUE Utility Poles
Power Pole PPS PLN POINT
Meter Pole MPS PLN POINT
Light Pole LPS PLN POINT
Guy Wire GWS PLN POINT
Guy Pole GPS PLN POINT
Transmission Tower PLTS PLN LINEAR
Traffic Signal Junction Box TSJBS PLN POINT
Traffic Signal Pole TSPS PLN POINT
Telephone Pole TPS PLN POINT
Cell Phone Tower CTS PLN LINEAR
Misc Pole OPS PLN POINT
SUE Overhead Utilities
Overhead Lines & Labels OHS PLN LINEAR
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
72
4.03.04 WATER UTLITIES
Feature Feature
Code
DTM
PLN
Linear
Point
SUE Water
Record U/G Lines & Labels PLN LINEAR
Designated U/G Lines & Labels UWS PLN LINEAR
Water Meter WMS PLN POINT
Water Valve WVS PLN POINT
Water Monitoring Well WMWS PLN POINT
Fire Hydrant FHS PLN POINT
Water Manhole WMHS PLN POINT
Water Air Release Valve WARS PLN POINT
Well House WELLS PLN POINT
4.03.05 GAS UTILITIES
Feature Feature
Code
DTM
PLN
Linear
Point SUE Gas
Record U/G Lines & Labels PLN LINEAR
Designated U/G Lines & Labels UGS PLN LINEAR
Gas Meter GMS PLN POINT
Gas Valve GVS PLN POINT
Gas Vent GVTS PLN POINT
Gas Pressure Regulator GRS PLN POINT
Gas Manhole GMHS PLN POINT
4.03.06 SANITARY SEWER UTILITIES
Feature Feature
Code
DTM
PLN
Linear
Point SUE Sewer
Record U/G Lines & Labels PLN LINEAR
Designated U/G Lines & Labels USS,FSS PLN LINEAR
Clean Out SCOS PLN POINT
Manhole SMHS PLN POINT
Air Release Valve SARS PLN POINT
4.03.07 UNGERGROUND / ABOVEGROUND TANKS
Feature Feature
Code
DTM
PLN
Linear
Point SUE Water Tank
A/G & U/G Tanks TNKS PLN LINEAR
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
73
4.03.08 TEST HOLES
Feature Feature
Code
DTM
PLN
Linear
Point
SUE Test Holes
Test Hole Symbols THS PLN POINT
Test Hole Symbols PLN
4.03.09 MICSELLANEOUS
Feature Feature
Code
DTM
PLN
Linear
Point
SUE Misc PLN
Misc Lines, Labels, & Symbols MSLS PLN LINEAR
Text & Abbreviations PLN
SUE Sweep Limit PLN
Sweep Limit Lines PLN LINEAR
Text & Abbreviations PLN
4.03.10 SUE LEVELS
Please see the SCDOT SUE CADD Manual for SUE leveling and drafting resources.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
74
4.04 SCDOT CADD WORKSPACE
The SCDOT provides their CADD Workspace environment files on the SCDOT website at
http://www.scdot.org/doing/cadd_DesignFiles.aspx . Use of this workspace will ensure an efficient
use of the Codes and Levels as provided in this manual. This files that are provided are as follows:
File Type File Size Web Update
DGN Libraries 29 Kb 1-2010
Cell Libraries 348 Kb 1-2010
Color Table 1 Kb 1-2009
Line Styles 7 Kb 1-2010
Fonts 1 Mb 1-2009
Seed Files 25 Kb 1-2010
Border Sheet Reference Files 1.2 Mb 1-2010
Roadway Level Chart 149Kb 1-2010
VBA Apps 349Kb 1-2010
GEOPAK Road V8i Downloads
File Type File Size Web Update
AASHTO K Values (.kvl) 1 Kb 1-2009
D&C Manager Database (.ddb) 70 Kb 1-2010
Geopak Drainage (.dlb) 18 Kb 1-2010
Geopak Labelers (.lsf) 23 Kb 1-2010
Plan Sheet (.psl) and XS Sheet (.xssl) Layout 6 Kb 1-2010
Superelevation Preferences (.sep) 2 Kb 1-2009
Geopak Survey (.smd) 57 Kb 1-2010
3pc (.3pc) 252 Kb 1-2010
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
75
5.0 SURVEY FILES DELIVERABLES
Preconstruction Surveying Consultants will deliver to the DOT files that are compatible with the
Departments CADD and Plan Development Process. All Roadway Project within the Department are
assigned a Project Pin Number. All files submitted by the Consultant will be referenced to a Pin
Number. The types of files and naming conventions are listed below and are examples of some of the
files that might be requested by the Department. The examples shown assume a Pin Number of
123456.
123456.xlsx Project Information Spreadsheet (Section 5.1)
123456deed Bound notebook containing copies of all deeds & documents for project
123456plat Bound notebook containing copies of all plats and maps for project
456.gpk GEOPAK coordinate geometry database file.
123456pp.dgn 2D Microstation file containing all Planimetric Mapping.
123456dtm.dgn 3D Microstation file containing all breaklines, spot elevs, triangulation and
contours.
123456prop.dgn 2D Microstation file containing all property boundaries.
*Sheets may be combined in the most efficient manner.
Note: Any additional surveys submitted for the same project will follow the same naming convention
but will add an A, B, C, etc. Example: for the first additional survey the file name will be 123456a.new,
the second additional survey will be 123456b.new etc.
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
76
APPENDIX A – PHOTOGRAMMETRIC CERTIFICATION
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC CERTIFICATION PROJECT REPORT
Date: ________________ Project Number: _________________
Client Name: ____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
I certify that this project was completed under my direct and responsible charge from an actual photogrammetric survey
made under my supervision; that this photogrammetric survey was performed to meet Federal Geographic Data
Committee Standards as applicable. I further certify:
That the __________ aerial photography was taken on _____________ at a nominal scale of 1”= _____ using a
Wild RC30 aerial camera.
That the data was compiled by standard photogrammetric means using a Wild BC2 analytical stereo plotter. The map
was compiled on __________________.
That this data was compiled to meet ___ feet horizontal accuracy at 95% confidence level and the vertical data was
compiled to meet ____ feet accuracy at 95% confidence level.
That the data was compiled at 1”= ____ with a ____ contour interval. The area compiled as approximately _____
acres located in ________________________________.
That all ground control was obtained by ______________________________________.
Distances shown are grid lengths. To obtain horizontal ground distances, divide by a combined scale and sea
factor of 0.9997756.
Horizontal datum: __________ Vertical datum: ____________
All horizontal coordinates were referenced to the following marks:
NCGS Station Northing Easting Elevation
All vertical coordinates were referenced to the following marks:
NCGS Station Northing Easting Elevation
That all items compiled, except ground control points were obtained using photogrammetric methods.
That the data was compiled by: ________________________________
_____________________________________________
Signature Date
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
77
APPENDIX B – PROJECT COORDINATE FILE
* SURVEY FIRM NAME
* PROJECT COORDINATE FILE NAME
*
*
* PROJECT INFORMATION-
* ROAD/ROUTE: PIN NO:
* COUNTY: FILE NO:
* CITY/TOWN: PROJ. NO:
* LOCAL NAME: ITEM NO:
*
* SURVEY INFORMATION- REGIONAL SUPERVISOR:
* UNITS: CHIEF OF PARTY:
* VERTICAL DATUM: SURVEY NUMBER:
* NORTH ORIENTATION: SURVEY STARTED:
* STATE PLANE COORD: SURVEY ENDED
* SCALE FACTOR: 0.123456789
*
* DESCRIPTION-
*
* COMMENTS:
*
*
* NOTE:
*
* _______________________INDEX OF POINTS___________________________
*
* TRAVERSE CONTROL......................................1-5
* ALIGNMENT CONTROL
* MAINLINE S-10-66 NORTH.............................6-15
* S-10-870..........................................16-17
* S-10-899..........................................18-19
* US 17A............................................20-23
* S-10-66 SOUTH.....................................24-25
* DRAINAGE CONTROL:
* CALFPEN CREEK.....................................26-47
* INLET DITCH NO.1..................................48-52
* BENCHMARKS...........................................53-56
* POWER TRANSMISSION LINE DATA.......................1000-1028
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
78
APPENDIX C – CULVERT SKETCH
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
79
APPENDIX D – COMMON DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
Figure 70 TYPE 1 CATCH BASIN
Figure 72 TYPE 9 CATCH BASIN
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
80
Figure 74 TYPE 15 CATCH BASIN
Figure 76 TYPE 16 CATCH BASIN
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
81
Figure 78 TYPE 17 CATCH BASIN
Figure 80 TYPE 18 CATCH BASIN
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
82
APPENDIX E – COMMON CURB & GUTTER TYPES
Figure 82 VERTICAL FACE CURB
Figure 84 MOUNTABLE CURB
Figure 86 OGEE CURB
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
83
Figure 88 ISLAND CURB
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
84
APPENDIX F – RIGHT OF WAY MARKERS AND MONUMENTS
Figure 90 Right of Way Cap Detail
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
85
Figure 92 Right of Way Monument Detail
BIBLIOGRAPHY
State of South Carolina. (n.d.). South Carolina Society of Professional Land Surveyoyrs. Retrieved
August 23, 2010, from http://scspls.com/pdf/STANDARDS_OF_PRACTICE_MANUAL.pdf
WORKS CITED Survey, F. (2008, February 27). PDDM Chapter 5 - Surveying and Mapping. Retrieved January 2011,
from FHWA: http://flh.fhwa.dot.gov/resources/manuals/pddm/Chapter_05.pdf
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
86
INDEX
1
100 year Flood · 36
1D / 1R · 18
2
2D / 2R · 18
3
3D / 3R · 6, 18
A
Accuracy Requirements / CADD Standards · 8
Accuracy Standards found in the SCDOT PSM · 24
Aerial Surveys · 13
Aerial Surveys XE "Aerial Surveys" (section 3.04) · 13
Aerial Triangulation Report and Certification · 9
aerotriangulation · 9, 10
Alignment · 14, 24, 32, 33, 49, 52, 54
ASSUMED Coordinate System*** · 22
B
Bathymetric · 40
Best Fit · 14, 32, 33
Bibliography 83 · 85
Breaklines · 29, 38, 70
Bridge · 14, 35, 36, 38, 39, 59
C
CAD files · 27
CADD · 8, 12, 46, 53, 73, 74, 75
Camera Requirements/Calibration Report · 9
Combined Scale Factor · 22
Combined Scaled Factors · 25
Construction limits, slope stakes · 52
Coordinate Geometry · 25
Critical environmental areas · 52
Cross section · 39
Cross Slope Verification · 24
cross-sections · 28, 39
Culvert Surveys · 40
Curb Flow Line Elevation Shot · 43
Curve Data · 54
D
Daily work logs · 27
DAM · 59
Data Collection Feature Codes & Procedures 52 · 20, 53, 54,
55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72,
73, 74
Date of document or data set compilation · 8
Date of Photography or original data acquisition · 8
Datum Description · 21, 22, 25, 27
Deeds / Documents · 34
Deliverables · 12
Diapositives · 10
Documentation of Horizontal Control · 22
Documentation of PSC, MSC, and PBM · 21, 22, 23
DP · 64
Drainage · 14, 30, 41, 54, 60, 74, 79
DTM · 11, 35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 54, 55, 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65,
66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73
E
Easement Lines · 62
Environmental · 14, 46
Equalities · 54
Extraterrestrial (GPS) Survey · 18
Eye and Face Protection – Safety XE "Safety" glasses, etc. · 5
F
Feature Codes · 20, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64,
65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74
Flat Cross Slopes within SE Transitions · 24
FLIGHT SCALES · 6
Flood Hazard Mapping Program · 47
flood plains · 47
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
87
Foot Protection – Safety XE "Safety" -Toed footwear in
G
Geographic world file. · 12
Geometric Planning · 13
Geopak · 7, 74
GRID State Plane Coordinate System · 22
H
Hand Protection · 5
Head Protection – Hard Hats · 5
Hearing Protection - Earplugs · 5
High Water · 38, 61
High water elevation. · 36
Highway Design Manual · ii, 21, 24
Horizontal Control Accuracy · 17
Horizontal Control Survey Specifications · 15, 16
Horizontal coordinates · 24, 25
Horizontal Coordinates · 25
Horizontal PCs & PTs · 25
I
Interstate Rehabilitation · 24
Invert Elevation · 41
58
L
LOCALIZED State Plane Coordinate System · 22
Low Beam Elevation · 36
M
Main Survey Control (MSC) · 16, 24
Main Survey Control XE "Survey Control" (MSC) will include
Mapping And Digital Terrain Models · 7
Monuments · 14, 49, 84
N
National Geodetic Survey · 17, 20
Normal edge of water. · 36
Normal Water · 38
O
Orthophoto · 8
Orthophoto Files · 11
Outfall Ditches · 30, 31
Owner Name(s) · 34
P
Pavement DTMs (section 3.06) . · 13
PBM · 21, 27, 55
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC CERTIFICATION PROJECT REPORT · 76
Photogrammetry · 6
Planimetric Surveys · 14
PLATS · 50
Plats / Maps · 34
Preconstruction Survey Guidelines 14 · 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 58, 72, 73
Primary Survey Control (PSC) · 16, 24
Primary Survey Control XE "Survey Control" (PSC) will include
Project Benchmarks –Data Tables · 27
Property · 14, 19, 33, 34, 49, 62, 63
Proposed easements or utility location · 52
Public Notification · 13
Q
QA / QC Procedures · 75
QA/QC · 11
R
Railroad · 14, 44, 63, 66
Re-establishing Existing Alignments · 32
Re-establishing Existing Right of Ways · 33
Reference Points · 54
Relative Accuracy (95%) · 18, 19, 65, 74
Relocation Alignment XE "Alignment" tie-in points · 52
S C D O T P R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S U R V E Y M A N U A L
88
Right of Way Markers · 51
Right of Way PLATS · 50
Right of Way Staking · 14, 49
Roadways, curb and gutter, paved areas · 45
S
Safety · 5, 28
SAFETY PROCEDURES · 5
Scale of Photography · 8
Secondary Survey Control (SSC) · 16
SMD · 54, 55, 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70
South Carolina Geodetic Survey · 19
South Carolina Occupational Safety and Health
Administration · 5
South Carolina Professional Land Surveyor · 24, 25, 26, 50
Standards of Practice Manual for Surveying in South Carolina ·
ii, 16, 18, 33, 50
State Plane Coordinate System · 17, 22
Streams, rivers, lakes, marshes · 45
Subsurface Utility Engineering · 14, 46
Survey Control · 13, 15, 16, 18, 22, 24, 25, 27, 55
SURVEY CONTROL DATA tables · 23
Survey Files Deliverables 74 · 17, 19, 20, 24, 75
Surveying for right of ways · 33
T
Table of Figures 4 · 4
Tax Map Reference · 34
Terrestrial (Ground) Survey · 18
Thalweg (lowest point) of stream / river. · 39
Toe or bottom of stream / river banks · 39
Top of stream / river banks · 39
Topographic Surveys · 14
Topographic, Breaklines, and Spot Elevations · 70
Topography to the mainline tracks · 44
Total Acreage per records · 34
V
Vertical Control – Project Benchmarks (PBM) · 21
vicinity map · 8
W
Wetland · 48, 61