PRECISION LIVESTOCK FARMING in India

PRECISION LIVESTOCK FARMING in India

Dr. Manjeet Singh Senior Research Engineer cum Head

Department of Farm Machinery & Power Engineering

Punjab Agricultural University (PAU)

Ludhiana, India

E-mail: [email protected]

M: 09417122896

• World’s highest livestock owner : 512.05 million

• 1st in the total buffalo population : 105.3 million

• 2nd in the population of cattle and goats : 140.5 million

• 2nd largest poultry market in the world : Production of 63 billion eggs and 649 million poultry meat

• 3rd in the population of sheep : 72 millions

• 5th in in the population of ducks and chicken

• 10th in camel population in the world

Indian Livestock Production System

•Cattle population : 196 million

•Buffaloes : 105 million

•Total milk production : 160 million tons

•Annual growth rate : 4%

•Percentage of World’s : 15% (First in World)

Milk Production

•Share of livestock income : 6% (25% of agriculture)

in GDP

Indian Dairy Scenario

• Indian dairy production is characterized as a low input/low output system mostly constituted by small and marginal farmers and landless labourers owning less than 5 cows or water buffaloes.

• In general, milk productivity of dairying animals is very low in comparison to global standards.

• The average milk yield of indigenous cattle and water buffaloes is 2.5 and 5.2 Kg per day respectively.

• The average milk yield for exotic/crossbred cattle is 7.2 kg per day.

• The yield is significantly less than that of 22 and 28 kg per day in U.K. and U.S. respectively.

The lower milk yield is mainly due to • low genetic potential, • lack of nutritional feeds and • inadequate veterinary services.

Indian Dairy Production System

Need Based NutritionArea Specific Mineral Mixture*

Central ZoneDist.:- Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Patiala, Tarantaran, Nawansher & Fatehgarh Sahib

Complete Mineral Supplement for AnimalsSr. No. Minerals Quantity (%)

1 Moisture 5

2 Calcium 22

3 Phosphorus 12

4 Magnesium 4

5 Iodine 0.04

6 Copper 0.14

7 Cobalt 0.009

8 Zinc 1.0

9 Manganese 0.15

10 Silica 2.4

* GADVASAU, LudhianaVaries with Region

South West ZoneDist.:- Ferozepur, Mansa, Bathinda, Muktsar, Faridkot, Moga, Sangrur & Barnala

Complete Mineral Supplement for Animals

Sr. No. Minerals Quantity (%)

1 Moisture 5

2 Calcium 26

3 Phosphorus 09

4 Magnesium 4

5 Iodine 0.05

6 Copper 0.14

7 Cobalt 0.009

8 Zinc 0.8

9 Manganese 0.15

10 Silica 2.4

Need Based NutritionArea Specific Mineral Mixture*

* GADVASAU, LudhianaVaries with Region

Sub-mountian (Kandi) ZoneDist.:- Gurdaspur, Ropar, Hoshiarpur and SAS Nagar

Complete Mineral Supplement for AnimalsSr. No. Minerals Quantity (%)

1 Moisture 5

2 Calcium 24

3 Phosphorus 11

4 Magnesium 4

5 Iodine 0.05

6 Copper 0.16

7 Cobalt 0.009

8 Zinc 1.0

9 Manganese 0.1

10 Silica 2.4

Need Based NutritionArea Specific Mineral Mixture*

* GADVASAU, LudhianaVaries with Region

Need Based NutritionArea Specific Mineral Mixture*

Daily Dose

Young Calves: 20-30 gBulls: 100 g

Dairy Animals

Milk, kg5-7 : 50 g8-10 : 60 g

>11 : 100 gor add 2 kg mineral mixture per 100 kg concentrate mixture

Improves:• Digestion

• Reproductive Efficiency

• Milk Production

• Health* GADVASAU, Ludhiana

• The mobile app, ‘Precision of Dairy Farming’, has been developed by the Department of veterinary and animal husbandry extension Education of the varsity to help dairy farmers to get answers to their queries. The app is being made available in two languages- English and Punjabi.

• This app can be downloaded by Android users and will help farmers in getting expert advice from GADVASU scientists sitting at home. “This app has been developed to address the problems of those farmers who want some advice for their livestock problems,”

MOBILE APP “PRECISION OF DAIRY FARMING”

Central Electronics Engineering

Research Institute (CEERI), Pilani

developed a device will detect

adulterants such as urea, salt,

detergents, boric acid and caustic

soda in 60 seconds.

The portable meter can be used by

dairy farmers, domestic users and

enforcement agencies.

Production cost of the meter is Rs

5,000. A portable scanner for

industrial use is being used by more

than 400 dairies across the country,

which is sold for Rs 100,000 a

device.

For testing adulteration, one needs to take

3 ml of milk, add 10ml of water to it and

use a biochemical capsule in the solution.

Leave it for one minute. After a minute,

lower a probe attached to the meter into

the solution, press OK button on it, and see

the screen. It will detect any adulteration in

the milk

Portable device to detect adulteration in milk in 60 seconds

• Cows in Madhya Pradesh will be

the first in the country to get an

Aadhaar identity

• About 3,600 workers will visit

every village, block, tehsil and

district to locate cows and fit a

chip on their ear with the unique

identification (UID) number, after

filling a form comprising details of

the animal and uploading it on the

software

Nine Million Cattle in Madhya Pradesh to Get Aadhaar Tags

• Tagged in the ear, the yellow Aadhaar

chip will contain the cow's date of birth,

address, milk yield, reproductive details

and health data, accessible at the click

of a mouse.

• As many as 9 million cattle, including

5.4 million cows, will get Aadhaar tags.

• The target is to give 0.75 million cattle

Aadhaar tags per month across 51

districts of the state.

Nine Million Cattle in Madhya Pradesh to Get Aadhaar Tags

• UID would help keep a check on slaughter and illegal transportation. The

National Dairy Development Board in Gujarat is the nodal agency for cow

Aadhaar in the country.

• The task would be completed in two years and was expected to cost Rs 13

crore, largely funded by the Centre

• It was being carried out under the National Mission on Bovine Productivity. Every

state in the country has to carry out the exercise.

• Like Aadhaar, the UID number given to a cow will not be repeated anywhere in

the country, so that even if it is transported from to another place, its record will

remain intact and can be updated.

• Aadhaar cards of cattle will help in breed improvement, health monitoring and

production. Also, a buyer can check the cow's history and it will help track

missing cattle.

• The Amul model has helped India to emerge as the largest milk producer in the world.

• More than 15 million milk producers pour their milk in 1,44,500 dairy cooperative societies across the country.

• Their milk is processed in 184 District Co-operative Unions and marketed by 22 State Marketing Federations, ensuring a better life for millions.

• Milk procurement doubled in last seven years, from 90.9 lakh litres per day to 176.5 lakh litres per day, this effectively increased the income of its dairy farmers, four-fold in the last seven years.

• Turnover of all products sold under Amul brand was Rs. 38,000 croresor US$ 6 Billion in the year 2016-17.

• It aims to achieve a business turnover of Rs. 50,000 crore and become the largest FMCG organization in India by 2020-21. In the long-term, Amul claims to establish itself as the largest dairy organization in the world.

AMUL MODEL

The Amul Model of dairy

development is a three-

tiered structure with the

dairy cooperative societies

at the village level

federated under a milk

union at the district level

and a federation of member

unions at the state level

AMUL MODEL

Production:

150 tonnes

per day of

skim milk

powder

120 tonnes

per day of

dairy

whitener/

baby food.

Largest

plant in

Asia for

production

of skim

milk

powder

and dairy

whitener

MILK SILOS AT AMULFED (MOTHER DAIRY) PLANT IN GANDHINAGAR, GUJARAT)

• The plant, to be installed on a turnkey basis by GEA, will process around 90,000 liters per hour of milk to produce multiple value-added products.

• The new plant features GEA’s most advance safety system and uses hygienic architectural design principles to make it one of the most advanced GEA has built to date.

• The plant will be designed to operate in fully automated mode. This includes the powder production, conveying, storage, packing, final packed product conveying and a complete management information system

Interesting Features of AmulFed Plant With GEA

Mechanical Vapor Re-compression (MVR) system: The use of a MVR within the evaporation plant. MVR continuously recycles energy by recompressing the vapor within the evaporator. This reduces energy costs and the CO2 footprint to minimize the environmental load.

Reverse Osmosis (RO) polisher: RO will be used to treat the milk condensate from the evaporation plant and recycle the water for reuse within the plant. This significantly reduces water usage and approaches zero liquid discharge concept.

Clarifying separator: to remove the entire life cycle of bacteria from the milk, thereby ensuring a supply of bacteria-free healthy milk throughout the process cycle.

SANICIPTM bag filters : in series with cyclones to collect powder fines, save product and reduce emissions to the atmosphere.

Sifter :to provide a uniform distribution of the powder particles and, therefore, a more homogenous final product.

Technical Features of AmulFed Plant

• Aseptic blow-fill the latest technology brings the blower and filler together in one

contained system. Instead of sterilizing bottles, the system sterilizes the preforms

with H2O2 before blowing and keeps them in a sterile environment throughout the

process.

• Aseptic blow fill technology has the benefits of allowing lighter-weight bottles

thereby reducing PET consumption and transport costs; allowing greater freedom

in bottle design as there is no distortion during sterilisation; reducing water,

sterilisation media and power consumption. It also occupies less space as there is

no need for air conveyors, bottle sterilisation and rinsing carousels.

• Aseptic filling most

advanced technology for the

filling of PET bottles with

sensitive beverages.

• An aseptic bottling line

includes: bottle or preform

sterilisation, cap sterilisation,

aseptic filling, contamination

control, and feed systems.

ASEPTIC FILLING INSTALLED IN AMUL DAIRY FROM GEA

Rotary Milking Parlour

Bhagyalaxmi Dairy Farm at PuneIt is equipped with one of India's first Rotary Parlours, which has mechanized thewhole milking process and in turn maximized quality and hygiene.

This world class facility meticulously follows specialized farming,nurturing, breeding and a milking program that makes sure that the milkobtained is wholesome and of the highest quality.

• GEA in India and Hatsun Agro Product Limited (HAP) are developing automated dairy plant in India

• HAP is one of the leading private sector companies in the dairy business in South India. It manufactures and markets dairy and ice cream products under various brands including ‘Hatsun’, ‘Ibaco’, ‘Arun’ and ‘Arokya’.

• This greenfield dairy project is designed to handle 650 thousand litersof milk per day, to produce 300 thousand liters per day of milk in pouches and 150 thousand liters per day of curd.

• The plant is expected to be fully operational by early 2018.

• HAP believes that the dairy industry in India is ready to embrace new technologies & higher hygienic standards and chose GEA as its engineering partner because of its turnkey approach, its innovative technology and its experience of working with GEA in the past.

Automated Dairy Plant at Coimbatore, Tamilnadu (India)

• HAP is a progressive dairy products company and likes to be ahead of the curve in terms of automation, quality and hygiene standards.”

• Apart from specialized equipment from GEA such as separators, homogenizer and flow components, a new and interesting feature of GEA’s offering is the Reverse Osmosis (RO) plant for the concentration of skim milk.

• RO, being a cold process, ensures natural freshness of milk and curd.

• The plant is fully automated for the processing and packaging of liquid milk and curd. Management Information System (MIS) reports can be generated to capture data regarding process parameters, production and packaging making it highly responsive and efficient.

Automated Dairy Plant at Coimbatore, Tamilnadu (India)

Precision Feeding System

Precision Feeding System: Feeding system helps farmers

to feed their livestock precisely, timely and with minimal

expenditure of labour at all times (24x7).

Precision feeding system for dairy Precision feeding system for poultry

Precision Milking Robot: Highly efficient and hygienic. Canhandle up to 65 milch animals per day.

Precision milking robot for dairy

Precision Milking Robot

Automatic Temperature Control: This unit providesadvantage of climate resilience for better productivity.

Automatic temperature control using foggers and forced air circulation

Automatic Temperature Control

E-Brushes: Increases cow comfort and hygiene in the stall.Optimize release of heat through skin and stimulates bloodcirculation. Tail head, head and back: all are effectivelycleaned and brushed with great comfort.

E-Brushes in operation

E-Brushes

Brush starts to rotate on contact at an animal-friendly speed

Wearable sensors for animal health management

• Timely diagnosis of diseases

• Decrease in economic losses

Sensors and wearable technologies can be implanted on animals to

• detect their sweat constituents

•measure body temperature

• observe behavior and movement

• detect stress

• analyze sound

• detect pH and prevent disease

• detect presence of viruses and pathogens

Health Monitoring System

Wearable Devices and Model

Cow collar to detect estrus

Real-time image-basedmodel to calculate walkparameters forlameness detection

Sensors For Automated Detection of Diseases

Sensor Location Output

Mastitis

EC (electrical conductivity) In-line Alert

AMS Sensor (automatic milking system) on-line Alert

EC, milk yield In-line Health alert

Automated detection of estrus

Pedometer Leg Alert

Heat Watch cow sacrum Alert

Detection of locomotion problems in dairy cows

3D Accelerometer Leg Alert

Weighting platform floor Graphs

Video camera next to corridor Images

Detection of metabolic problems in dairy cows

pH electrode Rumen fistulated

Camera system for monitoring broiler behaviour

Camera System for Poultry

Images of bird distributions can be used to calculate the zone occupation indices

Zone Occupation Index

Manure Scraper Robot

Scraper robot cleans the slatted floors ensuring clean,slurry-free surfaces. As a result infection pressure isreduced, hoof diseases and mastitis are guarded againstand animal health is promoted.

Limitations - PLF

• Useful only if the information is interpreted and used effectivelyin decision making

• Slow adoption rate due to uncertain return on investment

• High fixed costs of investment and information acquisition

• Animal ID may sometime read errors

• Equipment failure may occur because technology is sophisticated

• Data transfer error may be due to over-supply of data

• Time-consuming for handling of software programme

• Lack of validated research results concerning the effects ofapplication, high capital input and high costs

• Applicable to a restricted spatial area