in the case of representations while if I am right abouthow knowledge is organized cognitive scientistsrsquo ten-dencies to develop theories of concepts should becurbed (for some recent attempts see eg Gallese ampLakoff 2005 Martin 2007 Prinz forthcoming)
One might wonder whether the use of concept reallyimpedes the progress of cognitive science Strohmingeramp Moore rightly note that I provide little actual evidencein support of this claim Couchman et al seem to agreewith this criticism I acknowledge that this claim is partlyspeculative but it strikes me as plausible While the useof concept in cognitive science and the attempts todevelop a unified theory of concepts have not preventedcognitive scientists for making numerous findings aboutconcepts some important questions have not attracted suf-ficient attention such as How are prototypes exemplarsand theories used concomitantly And what happens whenthey yield incompatible judgments I am less convincedthan Couchman et al and Markman that we havealready acquired an extensive knowledge about thesequestions although some noticeable work has alreadybeen conducted (including by Smith and Markman) Ifurther hypothesize that much more work would bedone on these questions if cognitive scientists stopped the-orizing about concepts and started theorizing about proto-types exemplars and theories
[Letters ldquoardquo and ldquorrdquo appearing before authorsrsquo initials refer to target article
Allen S W amp Brooks L R (1991) Specializing the operation of an explicit ruleJournal of Experimental Psychology General 1203ndash19 [BKH arEM]
Anderson J R (1978) Arguments concerning representations for mental imageryPsychological Review 85249ndash77 [aEM]
Anderson J R amp Betz J (2001) A hybrid model of categorization PsychonomicBulletin and Review 8629ndash47 [aEM]
Ashby F G Alfonso-Reese L A Turken A U amp Waldron E M (1998) Aneuropsychological theory of multiple systems in category learning Psycho-logical Review 105(3)442ndash81 [ABM]
Ashby F G amp Ell S W (2002) Single versus multiple systems of learning andmemory In Stevensrsquo handbook of experimental psychology vol4 Method-ology in experimental psychology 3rd ed ed J Wixted amp H Pashler pp 655ndash92 Wiley [aEM]
Ashby F G amp Maddox W T (2004) Human category learning Annual Review ofPsychology 56149ndash78 [aEM]
Ashby F G amp Maddox W T (2005) Human category learning Annual Review ofPsychology 56149ndash78 [JJC BKH]
Barrera M E amp Maurer D (1981) Recognition of motherrsquos photographed face bythe three-month-old infant Child Development 52714ndash16 [YY]
Barsalou L W (1982) Context-independent and context-dependent information inconcepts Memory and Cognition 1082ndash93 [arEM]
Barsalou L W (1985) Ideals central tendency and frequency of instantiationas determinants of graded structure in categories Journal of ExperimentalPsychology Learning Memory and Cognition 11629ndash54 [aEM]
Barsalou L W (1987) The instability of graded structures Implications for thenature of concepts In Concepts and conceptual development Ecological andintellectual factors in categorization ed U Neisser (pp 101ndash38) CambridgeUniversity Press [aEM]
Barsalou L W (1993) Flexibility structure and linguistic vagary in conceptsManifestations of a compositional system of perceptual symbols In Theories ofmemory ed A C Collins S E Gathercole amp M A Conway pp 29ndash101Erlbaum [arEM]
Barsalou L W (1999) Perceptual symbol systems Behavioral and Brain Sciences22(4)577ndash660 [GD SH aEM]
Barsalou L W (2008a) Cognitive and neural contributions to understanding theconceptual system Current Directions in Psychological Science 1791ndash95[aEM]
Barsalou L W (2008b) Grounded cognition Annual Review of Psychology59617ndash45 [aEM]
Barsalou L W (2009) Simulation situated conceptualization and predictionPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Biological Sciences3641281ndash89 [aEM]
Barsalou L W amp Hale C R (1993) Components of conceptual representationFrom feature lists to recursive frames In Categories and conceptsTheoretical views and inductive data analysis ed I van Mechelen J AHampton R S Michalski amp P Theuns pp 97ndash144 Academic Press[JAH]
Barsalou L W Simmons W K Barbey A K amp Wilson C D (2003) Groundingconceptual knowledge in modality-specific systems Trends in CognitiveSciences 784ndash91 [aEM]
Berndt R S Haendiges A N Burton M W amp Mitchum C C (2002) Gram-matical class and imageability in aphasic word production Their effects areindependent Journal of Neurolinguistics 15353ndash71 [GD]
Binder J Westbury C McKiernan K Possing E amp Medler D (2005) Distinctbrain systems for processing concrete and abstract concepts Journal of Cog-nitive Neuroscience 17905ndash17 [GD]
Bird H Howard D amp Franklin S (2003) Verbs and nouns The importance ofbeing imageable Journal of Neurolinguistics 16113ndash49 [GD]
Blair M amp Homa D (2003) As easy to memorize as they are to classify The 5-4categories and the category advantage Memory and Cognition 311293ndash1301 [JJC]
Blondin-Masse A Chicoisne G Gargouri Y Harnad S Picard O amp MarcotteO (2008) How is meaning grounded in dictionary definitions Paper presentedat TextGraphs-3 Workshop ndash 22nd International Conference on Compu-tational Linguistics 18 August 2008 [SH]
Bloom P (2000) How children learn the meanings of words MIT Press [EL]Boulenger V Hauk O amp Pulvermuller F (2009) Grasping ideas with the motor
system Semantic somatotopy in idiom comprehension Cerebral Cortex191905ndash14 [aEM]
Boyd R (1989) What realism implies and what it does not Dialectica 435ndash29[RS]
Boyd R (1991) Realism anti-foundationalism and the enthusiasm for naturalkinds Philosophical Studies 61127ndash48 [aEM RS]
Boyd R (1999) Kinds complexity and multiple realization Philosophical Studies9567ndash98 [aEM]
Braisby N (2005) Similarity and categorisation Getting dissociations inperspective In Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual CognitiveScience Society ed K Forbus D Getner amp T Regier pp 150ndash55Erlbaum [CG]
Buresh J S amp Woodward A L (2007) Infants track action goals within and acrossagents Cognition 104287ndash314 [YY]
Burge T (1979) Individualism and the mental Midwest Studies in Philosophy473ndash121 [rEM]
Burge T (1986) Individualism and psychology Philosophical Review 95(1)3ndash46 [GR]
Butterworth G Jarrett N amp Hicks L (1982) Spatiotemporal identity in infancyPerceptual competence or conceptual deficit Developmental Psychology18435ndash49 [HAV]
Cangelosi A amp Harnad S (2001) The adaptive advantage of symbolic theft oversensorimotor toil Grounding language in perceptual categories Evolution ofCommunication 4(1)117ndash14 [SH]
Caramazza A (1986) On drawing inferences about the structure of normalcognitive systems from the analysis of patterns of impairedperformance The case for single-patient studies Brain and Cognition541ndash66 [aEM]
Carey S (1985) Conceptual change in childhood MIT Press [TL]Carey S (2009) The origin of concepts Oxford University Press [EMar]Carey S amp F Xu (2001) Infantsrsquo knowledge of objects Beyond object files and
object tracking Cognition 80(1ndash2)179 [AJJ]Carlson G N amp Pelletier F J (1995) The generic book University of Chicago
Press [SSK]Carmichael C amp Hayes B K (2001) Prior knowledge and exemplar encoding in
childrenrsquos concept acquisition Child Development 721071ndash90 [BKH]Chao L L amp Martin A (1999) Cortical representation of perception
Chaput H H amp Cohen L B (2001) A model of infant causal perception and itsdevelopment In Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Conference of theCognitive Science Society ed JD Moore amp K Stenning pp 182ndash87Erlbaum [YY]
Chin-Parker S amp Ross B H (2002) The effect of category learning on sensitivityto within-category correlations Memory and Cognition 30(3)353ndash62[ABM]
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2010) 3323 239httpdxdoiorg101017S0140525X10000555Downloaded from httpwwwcambridgeorgcore Yale University Library on 16 Nov 2016 at 153538 subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use available at httpwwwcambridgeorgcoreterms
Churchland P M (1981) Eliminative materialism and the propositional attitudesJournal of Philosophy 7867ndash90 [aEM]
Cohen B amp Murphy G L (1984) Models of concepts Cognitive Science 827ndash58 [AS]
Collini E Wong C Y Wilk K E Curmi P M G Brumer P amp Scholes G D(2010) Coherently wired light-harvesting in photosynthetic marine algae atambient temperature Nature 463644 [rEM]
Connolly A C Fodor J A Gleitman L R amp Gleitman H (2007) Why stereo-types donrsquot even make good defaults Cognition 1031ndash22 [SSK]
Couchman J J Coutinho M V C amp Smith J D (in press) Rules and resem-blance Their changing balance in the category learning of humans (Homosapiens) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) Journal of Experimental Psy-chology Animal Behavior Processes [JJC]
Crepaldi D Aggujaro S Arduino L S Zonca G Ghirardi G Inzaghi M GColombo M Chierchia G amp Luzzatti C (2006) Noun-verb dissociation inaphasia The role of imageability and functional location of the lesion Neu-ropsychologia 44(1)73ndash89 [GD]
Danks D (2004) Psychological theories of categorization as probabilistic modelsTechnical report CMU-PHIL-157 July 15 2004 [DD]
Danks D (2007) Theory unification and graphical models in human categorizationIn Causal learning Psychology philosophy and computation ed A Gopnikamp L Schulz pp 173ndash89 Oxford University Press [DD rEM]
Devitt M (1981) Designation Columbia University Press [GR]Devitt M (1996) Coming to our senses Cambridge University Press [GR]Devitt M (forthcoming) Experimental semantics Philosophy and Phenomenolo-
gical Research [GR]Diamond A (1985) Development of the ability to use recall to guide action as
indicated by infantsrsquo performance on A-not-B Child Development 56868ndash83 [HAV]
Dove G (2009) Beyond perceptual symbols A call for representational pluralismCognition 110412ndash31 [GD arEM]
Dretske F (1981) Knowledge and the flow of information BlackwellMIT Press[KE GR]
Dunn J C (2008) The dimensionality of the remember-know task A state-traceanalysis Psychological Review 115(2)426ndash46 [BKH]
Dunn J C amp Kirsner K (1988) Discovering functionally independent mentalprocesses The principle of reversed association Psychological Review 9591ndash101 [aEM]
Dunn J C amp Kirsner K (2003) What can we infer from double dissociationsCortex 391ndash7 [aEM]
Edwards K (2009) What concepts do Synthese 170289ndash310 [KE aEM]Edwards K (2010) Concept referentialism and the role of empty concepts Mind
and Language 25(1)89ndash118 [KE]Elder C L (1994) Higher and lower essential natures American Philosophical
Quarterly 31255ndash65 [CG]Evans G (1982) The varieties of reference Oxford University Press [rEM]Evans J S B T (2007) Hypothetical thinking Dual processes in reasoning and
judgement Routledge [aEM]Evans J S B T amp Frankish K eds (2009) In two minds Dual processes and
beyond Oxford University Press [aEM JV]Feeney A amp Heit E eds (2007) Inductive reasoning Experimental Develop-
mental and computational approaches Cambridge University Press [aEM]Feldman J (2000) Minimization of Boolean complexity in human concept learning
Nature 407630ndash33 [SSK]Feldman J (2006) An algebra of human concept learning Journal of Mathematical
Psychology 50339ndash68 [SSK]Field H (2001) Truth and the absence of fact Oxford University Press [KE]Flynn J J Nedbal M A Dragoo J W amp Honeycutt R L (2000) Whence the
red panda Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 17(2)190ndash99 [AJJ]Fodor J A (1974) Special sciences (Or The disunity of science as a working
hypothesis) Synthese 28(2)97ndash115 [KE]Fodor J A (1975) The language of thought Crowell [aEM DAW]Fodor J A (1987) Psychosemantics The problem of meaning in the philosophy of
mind MIT Press [KE]Fodor J A (1990) A theory of content and other essays MIT Press [rEM GR]Fodor J A (1992) A theory of content and other essays MIT Press [KE]Fodor J A (1997) Special sciences Still autonomous after all these years
Philosophical Perspectives Mind Causation and World 249ndash63 (Nous 31Suppl) [KE]
Fodor J A (1998) Concepts Where cognitive science went wrong Oxford Uni-versity Press [FK aEM GR SS]
Fodor J A (2003) Is it a bird Problems with old and new approaches to the theory ofconcepts Times Literary Supplement January 17 2003 pp 3ndash4 [aEM]
Fodor J A (2008) LOT 2 The language of thought revisited Oxford UniversityPress [aEM SS DAW]
Forster M amp Sober E (1994) How to tell when simpler more unified or less adhoc theories will provide more accurate predictions British Journal for thePhilosophy of Science 451ndash36 [rEM]
Gallese V amp Lakoff G (2005) The brainrsquos concepts The role of the sensory-motorsystem in conceptual knowledge Cognitive Neuropsychology 21455ndash79[arEM]
Garrod S amp Anderson A (1987) Saying what you mean in dialogue A study inconceptual and semantic co-ordination Cognition 27181ndash218 [ABM]
Garrod S amp Doherty G (1994) Conversation co-ordination and convention Anempirical investigation of how groups establish linguistic conventions Cogni-tion 53181ndash215 [ABM]
Gelman R (2004) Cognitive development In Stevensrsquo handbook of experimentalpsychology vol 3 Memory and cognitive processes ed H Pashler amp D LMedin pp 533ndash60 Wiley [aEM]
Gelman S A (2003) The essential child Origins of essentialism in everydaythought Oxford University Press [TB SSK]
Gelman S A (1988) The development of induction within natural kinds and arti-facts categories Cognitive Psychology 2065ndash95 [aEM]
Gelman S A (2003) The essential child Origins of essentialism in everydaythought Oxford University Press [aEM]
Gelman S A amp Markman E (1986) Categories and induction in young childrenCognition 23183ndash209 [aEM]
Gibson E J (1969) Principles of perceptual learning and development PrenticeHall [HAV]
Giesbrecht B Gamblin C amp Swaab T (2004) Separable effects of priming andimageability on word processing in human cortex Cerebral Cortex 14521ndash29 [GD]
Gigerenzer G amp Regier T P (1996) How do we tell an association from a rulePsychological Bulletin 11923ndash26 [aEM]
Gigerenzer G Todd P M amp the ABC Research Group (1999) Simple heuristicsthat make us smart Oxford University Press [aEM]
Glenberg A M (1997) What memory is for Behavioral and Brain Sciences 201ndash55 [GD aEM]
Glenberg A M amp Robertson D A (2000) Symbol grounding and meaning Acomparison of high-dimensional and embodied theories of meaning Journal ofMemory and Language 43379ndash401 [SH]
Glymour C (1994) On the methods of cognitive neuropsychology British Journalfor the Philosophy of Science 45815ndash35 [aEM]
Goldberg R F Perfetti C A amp Schneider W (2006) Distinct and commoncortical activations for multimodal semantic categories Cognitive Affectiveand Behavioral Neuroscience 6214ndash22 [GD]
Goodwin G P amp Johnson-Laird P N (2010) Conceptual illusions Cognition114253ndash65 [SSK]
Goodwin G P amp Johnson-Laird P N (submitted) Models as the representation ofBoolean concepts [SSK]
Gopnik A (2003) The theory theory as an alternative to the innateness hypothesisIn Chomsky and his critics ed L Antony amp N Hornstein pp 238ndash54Blackwell [aEM]
Gopnik A Glymour C Sobel D Schulz L Kushnir T amp Danks D (2004) Atheory of causal learning in children Causal maps and Bayes nets Psycho-logical Review 1111ndash31 [aEM]
Gopnik A amp Meltzoff A N (1997) Words thoughts and theories MIT Press[TL aEM]
Greene J D Sommerville R B Nystrom L E Darley J M amp Cohen J D(2001) An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral JudgmentScience 2932105ndash108 [aEM]
Griffiths P E (1997) What emotions really are Chicago University Press [aEMAS RS]
Griffiths T L Steyvers M amp Tenenbaum J B (2007) Topics in semantic rep-resentation Psychological Review 114211ndash44 [aEM]
Hampton J A (1979) Polymorphous concepts in semantic memory Journal ofVerbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 18441ndash61 [TB aEM]
Hampton J A (1981) An investigation of the nature of abstract concepts Memoryand Cognition 9149ndash56 [aEM]
Hampton J A (1993) Prototype models of concept representation In Categoriesand concepts Theoretical views and inductive data analysis ed I VanMechelen J A Hampton R S Michalski amp P Theuns pp 67ndash95 AcademicPress [aEM]
Hampton J A (1998) Similarity-based categorization and fuzziness of naturalcategories Cognition 65137ndash65 [JAH]
Hampton J A (2001) The role of similarity in natural categorization In Similarityand categorization ed U Hahn amp M Ramscar pp 13ndash28 Oxford UniversityPress [rEM]
Hampton J A (2006) Concepts as prototypes In The psychology of learning andmotivation Advances in research and theory vol 46 ed B H Ross pp 79ndash113 Academic Press [aEM]
Hampton J A (2007) Typicality graded membership and vagueness CognitiveScience 31355ndash84 [aEM]
Hampton J A Storms G Simmons C L amp Heussen D (2009) Feature integrationin natural language concepts Memory and Cognition 371721ndash30 [FK]
Harnad S (1990) The symbol grounding problem Physica D 42335ndash46 [SH]
ReferencesMachery Precis of Doing without Concepts
240 BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2010) 3323
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Harnad S (2005) To cognize is to categorize cognition is categorization In Handbookof Categorization ed C Lefebvre amp H Cohen pp 20ndash42 Elsevier [SH]
Harnad S (2006) Cohabitation Computation at 70 cognition at 20 In Essays inHonour of Zenon Pylyshyn ed D Dedrick pp 245ndash57 MIT Press [SH]
Harnad S (2007) From knowing how to knowing that Acquiring categories byword of mouth Paper presented at the Kaziemierz Naturalized EpistemologyWorkshop (KNEW) Kaziemierz Poland September 2 2007 [SH]
Harnad S (2008) The annotation game On Turing (1950) on computingmachinery and intelligence In Parsing the Turing test Philosophical andmethodological issues in the quest for the thinking computer ed R Epstein ampG Peters pp 23ndash66 Springer [SH]
Hauk O Johnsrude I amp Pulvermuller F (2004) Somatotopic representation ofaction words in human motor and premotor cortex Neuron 41301ndash07[aEM]
Heit E (1994a) Models of the effects of prior knowledge on category learningJournal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition201264ndash82 [BKH]
Heit E (1994b) Similarity and property effects in inductive reasoning Journal ofExperimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition 20411ndash22[AS]
Heit E (2000) Properties of inductive reasoning Psychonomic Bulletin and Review7569ndash92 [aEM]
Heit E amp Hayes B (2008) Predicting reasoning from visual memory In Pro-ceedings of the 29th Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society ed V SloutskyB Love amp K McCrae pp 83ndash88 Erlbaum [BKH]
Hill C (2010) I love Macheryrsquos book but love concepts more Philosophical Studies149411ndash21 [rEM]
Hilton D J amp Slugoski B R (1986) Knowledge-based causal attributionThe abnormal conditions focus model Psychological Review 9375ndash88[TL]
Hoenig K Sim E-J Bochev V Herrnberger B amp Kiefer M (2008) Conceptualflexibility in the human brain Dynamic recruitment of semantic maps fromvisual motor and motion-related areas Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience20(10)1799ndash814 [arEM]
Holcomb P J Kounios J Anderson J E amp West W C (1999) Dual-codingcontext-availability and concreteness effects in sentence comprehension Anelectrophysiological investigation Journal of Experimental PsychologyLearning Memory and Cognition 25721ndash42 [GD]
Homa D Sterling S amp Trepel L (1981) Limitations of exemplar-based gener-alization and the abstraction of categorical information Journal of Exper-imental Psychology Human Learning and Memory 7418ndash39 [JJC]
Horobin K amp Acredolo L (1986) The role of attentiveness mobility history andseparation of hiding sites on stage IV search behavior Journal of ExperimentalChild Psychology 41114ndash27 [HAV]
Horwich P (1998a) Meaning Clarendon Press [KE GR]Horwich P (1998b) Truth 2nd edition Clarendon Press [KE]Jackendoff R (2002) Foundations of language Brain meaning grammar evol-
ution Oxford University Press [EMar]James T W amp Gauthier I (2003) Auditory and action semantic features activate
sensory-specific perceptual brain regions Current Biology 131792ndash96[arEM]
Jonides J Lewis R Nee D E Lustig C A Berman M G amp Moore K S(2008) The mind and brain of short-term memory Annual Review of Psy-chology 59151ndash1532 [NS]
Kable J W Kan I P Wilson A Thompson-Schill S L amp Chatterjee A (2005)Conceptual representations of action in the lateral temporal cortex Journal ofCognitive Neuroscience 171855ndash870 [aEM]
Keil F C (1989) Concepts kinds and cognitive development MIT Press [TBFK aEM AS SS]
Keil F C (2006) Explanation and understanding Annual Review of Psychology57227ndash54 [TL]
Keil F C Carter Smith W Simons D J amp Levin D T (1998) Two dogmas ofconceptual empiricism Implications for hybrid models of the structure ofknowledge Cognition 65103ndash35 [aEM]
Keil F C amp Newman G E (2010) Darwin and development Why ontogeny doesnot recapitulate phylogeny for human concepts In The making of humanconcepts ed D Mareschal P Quin amp S Lea pp 317ndash34 Oxford UniversityPress [FK]
Kelemen D (1999) Function goals and intention Childrenrsquos teleologicalreasoning about objects Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3461ndash68 [TL]
Kellenbach M L Wijers A A Hovis M Mulder J amp Mulder G (2002) Neuraldifferentiation of lexico-syntactic categories or semantic features Eventrelated potential evidence for both Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14561ndash77 [GD]
Kemp C amp Tenenbaum J (2009) Structured statistical models of inductivereasoning Psychological Review 11620ndash58 [BKH]
Khemlani S Leslie S J amp Glucksberg S (submitted) Generics modulate defaultinferences [SSK]
Kiefer M Sim E-J Liebich S Hauk O amp Tanaka J (2007) Experience-dependent plasticity of conceptual representations in human sensoryndashmotorareas Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19525ndash42 [aEM]
Kim J (1992) Multiple realization and the metaphysics of reduction Philosophyand Phenomenological Research 52(1)1ndash26 [KE EL]
Kim J (1998) Mind in a physical world An essay on the mind-body problem andmental causation MIT Press [KE]
Knowlton B J amp Squire L R (1993) The learning of categories Parallel brainsystems for item memory and category knowledge Science 2621747ndash49[SZ]
Knowlton B J Squire L R amp Gluck M A (1994) Probabilistic classificationlearning in amnesia Learning and Memory 1106ndash20 [ABM]
Kripke S (19721980) Naming and necessity Harvard University Press [GR]Kruschke J K (2005) Category learning In The handbook of cognition ed K
Lamberts amp R L Goldstone pp 183ndash201 Sage [BKH]Kulatanga-Moruzi C Brooks L R amp Norman G R (2001) Coordination of
analytical and similarity based processing strategies and expertise in derma-tological diagnosis Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memoryand Cognition 30563ndash72 [rEM]
Lakoff G (1972) Hedges A study in meaning criteria and the logic of fuzzy con-cepts In Papers from the Eighth Regional Meeting Chicago LinguisticSociety Chicago IL pp 183ndash228 Chicago Linguistic Society [FK]
Laurence S amp Margolis E (1999) Concepts and cognitive science In Conceptscore readings ed E Margolis amp S Laurence pp 3ndash82 MIT Press [TLEMar aEM]
Laurence S amp Margolis E (2002) Radical concept nativism Cognition 8625ndash55 [SS]
Lauritzen S L (1996) Graphical models Oxford University Press [DD]Lawler J (1973) Studies in English generics University of Michigan Papers in
Linguistics vol 1 University of Michigan Press [SSK]Logan G D (1988) Toward an instance theory of automaticity Psychological
Review 95492ndash527 [ABM]Logan G D (2002) An instance theory of attention and memory Psychological
Review 109(2)376ndash400 [ABM]Lombrozo T (2006) The structure and function of explanations Trends in Cog-
nitive Sciences 10(10)464ndash70 [TL]Lombrozo T (2009) Explanation and categorization How ldquowhyrdquo informs ldquowhatrdquo
Cognition 110248ndash53 [TL]Lombrozo T (under review) Causal-explanatory pluralism How intentions func-
tions and mechanisms influence causal ascriptions [TL]Lombrozo T amp Carey S (2006) Functional explanation and the function of
explanation Cognition 99(2)167ndash204 [TL]Lombrozo T Kelemen D amp Zaitchik D (2007) Inferring design Evidence of a
preference for teleological explanations in patients with Alzheimerrsquos diseasePsychological Science 18(11)999ndash1006 [TL]
Lopez A Atran S Coley J D Medin D L amp Smith E E (1997) The tree of lifeUniversal and cultural features of folkbiological taxonomies and inductionsCognitive Psychology 32251ndash95 [aEM]
Love B C Medin D L amp Gureckis T M (2004) SUSTAIN A network model ofcategory learning Psychological Review 111309ndash32 [BKH]
Luhmann C C Ahn W amp Palmeri T (2006) Theory-based categorizationunder speeded conditions Memory and Cognition 341102ndash11 [TBrEM]
Machery E (2005) Concepts are not a natural kind Philosophy of Science 72444ndash67 [arEM RS]
Machery E (2006a) How to split concepts Reply to Piccinini and Scott Philosophyof Science 73410ndash18 [aEM]
Machery E (2006b) Review of A Zilhao ed Evolution rationality andcognition A cognitive science for the twenty-first century Notre DamePhilosophical Reviews Retrieved from httpndprndedureviewcfmidfrac146342 [rEM]
Machery E (2006c) Two dogmas of neo-empiricism Philosophy Compass 1398ndash412 [arEM]
Machery E (2007) Concept empiricism A methodological critique Cognition10419ndash46 [GD arEM]
Machery E (2009) Doing without concepts Oxford University Press [TB JJCDD GD KE CG JAH SH BKH AJJ FK SSK EL TL EMar arEMABM GR RS AS SS NS JV HAV DAW YY SZ]
Machery E (forthcoming) Reply to Barbara Malt and Jesse Prinz Mind andLanguage [rEM]
Machery E (2010) Reply to my critics Philosophical Studies 149429ndash36 [rEM]Machery E amp Seppala S (forthcoming) Against hybrid theories of concepts
Anthropology amp Philosophy [arEM]Maddox W T amp Ashby F G (1993) Comparing decision-bound and exemplar
models of classification Perception and Psychophysics 5349ndash70 [SZ]Maddox W T amp Ashby F G (2004) Dissociating explicit and procedure-learning
based systems of perceptual category learning Behavioral Processes66(3)309ndash32 [ABM]
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Mahon B Z amp Caramazza A (2008) A critical look at the embodied cognitionhypothesis and a new proposal for grounding conceptual content Journal ofPhysiology Paris 10259ndash70 [aEM]
Mahon B Z amp Caramazza A (2009) Concepts and categories A cognitive neu-ropsychological perspective Annual Review of Psychology 6027ndash51 [aEM]
Mallon R (2006) ldquoRacerdquo Normative not metaphysical or semantic Ethics116525ndash51 [aEM]
Mallon R Machery E Nichols S amp Stich S P (2009) Against argumentsfrom reference Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 79332ndash56[aEM]
Malt B C (1989) An on-line investigation of prototype and exemplar strategies inclassification Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory andCognition 15(4)539ndash55 [JV]
Malt B C (1994) Water is not H2O Cognitive Psychology 2741ndash70 [aEM]Malt B C (forthcoming) Why we should do without concepts Mind and
Language [rEM]Malt B C amp Sloman S A (2007) Artifact categorization The good the bad and
the ugly In Creations of the mind Theories of artifacts and their represen-tation ed E Margolis amp S Laurence pp 85ndash123 Oxford University Press[aEM]
Malt B C Sloman S A amp Gennari S P (2003) Universality and languagespecificity in object naming Journal of Memory and Language 4920ndash42[ABM]
Margolis E (1994) A reassessment of the shift from the classical theory of conceptsto prototype theory Cognition 5173ndash89 [aEM]
Margolis E (1995) The significance of the theory analogy in the psychological studyof concepts Mind and Language 1045ndash71 [aEM]
Margolis E amp Laurence S (2006) Concepts Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyAvailable at httpplatostanfordeduentriesconcepts [aEM]
Margolis E amp Laurence S (2007) The ontology of concepts ndash Are conceptsabstract objects or mental representations Nous 41(4)561ndash93 [EMar]
Margolis E amp Laurence S eds (1999) Concepts Core readings MIT Press[SS]
Markman A B amp Dietrich E (2000) In defense of representation CognitivePsychology 40(2)138ndash71 [ABM]
Markman A B amp Makin V S (1998) Referential communication and categoryacquisition Journal of Experimental Psychology General 127(4)331ndash54[ABM]
Markman A B amp Ross B (2003) Category use and category learning Psycho-logical Bulletin 129592ndash613 [BKH ABM]
Marr D (1982) Vision A computational investigation in the human representationof visual information Freeman [SSK]
Marshall J Pring T Chiat S amp Robson J (1996) Calling a salad a federation Aninvestigation of semantic jargon Part 1 ndash nouns Journal of Neurolinguistics9237ndash50 [GD]
Martin A (2007) The representation of object concepts in the brain AnnualReview of Psychology 5825ndash45 [arEM]
Martin A amp Chao L L (2001) Semantic memory and the brain Structure andprocesses Current Opinion in Neurobiology 11194ndash201 [aEM]
Martin A Haxby J V Lalonde F M Wiggs C L amp Ungerleider L G (1995)Discrete cortical regions associated with knowledge of color and knowledge ofaction Science 270102ndash05 [aEM]
Mayr E (1982) The growth of biological thought Diversity evolution andinheritance Harvard University Press [JAH]
Medin D L Lynch E B amp Solomon K O (2000) Are there kinds of conceptsAnnual Review of Psychology 51121ndash47 [aEM]
Medin D L amp Schaffer M M (1978) Context theory of classification learningPsychological Review 85207ndash38 [aEM]
Mellet E Tzourio N Denis M amp Mazoyer B (1998) Cortical anatomy of mentalimagery of concrete nouns based on their dictionary definition NeuroReport9803ndash08 [GD]
Mercier H (2010) How to cut a concept Review of Doing without concepts byEdouard Machery Biology and Philosophy 25269ndash77 [rEM]
Millikan R G (1984) Language thought and other biological categories Newfoundations for realism MIT Press [KE GR]
Millikan R G (1993) White Queen psychology and other essays for Alice MITPress [KE]
Millikan R G (1998) A common structure for concepts of individuals stuffs andbasic kinds More mama more milk and more mouse Behavioral and BrainSciences 2255ndash65 [EL]
Millikan R G (2000) On clear and confused ideas An essay about substanceconcepts Cambridge University Press [aEM]
Minda J P amp Smith J D (2001) Prototypes in category learning The effects ofcategory size category structure and stimulus complexity Journal of Exper-imental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition 27775ndash99 [aEM SZ]
Morris C D Bransford J D amp Franks J J (1977) Levels of processing versustransfer appropriate processing Journal of Verbal Learning and VerbalBehavior 16519ndash33 [ABM]
Murphy D amp Stich S P (1999) Griffiths elimination and psychopathologyMetascience 813ndash25 [aEM]
Murphy G L (2002) The big book of concepts MIT Press [JJC JAH BKH AJJEL aEM AS]
Murphy G L amp Medin D L (1985) The role of theories in conceptual coherencePsychological Review 92289ndash316 [TB BKH TL aEM]
Myung I J Forster M R amp Browne M W eds (2000) Model selection [Specialissue] Journal of Mathematical Psychology 44190ndash204 [SZ]
Myung I J amp Pitt M A (2009) Optimal experimental design for model dis-crimination Psychological Review 116499ndash518 [SZ]
Navarro D J Pitt M A amp Myung I J (2004) Assessing the distinguishability ofmodels and the informativeness of data Cognitive Psychology 4947ndash84[SZ]
Nesse R M amp Ellsworth P C (2009) Evolution emotions and emotionaldisorders American Psychologist 64129ndash39 [NS]
Newell B amp Dunn J C (2008) Dimensions in data Testing psychological modelsusing state-trace analysis Trends in Cognitive Sciences 12(8)285ndash90[BKH]
Noppeney U amp Price C J (2004) Retrieval of abstract semantics NeuroImage22164ndash70 [GD]
Norman G Eva K Brooks L amp Hamstra S (2006) Expertise in medicine andsurgery In The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance edK A Ericsson N Charness P J Feltovich amp R R Hoffman pp 339ndash53Cambridge University Press [rEM]
Nosofsky R M (1986) Attention similarity and the identification-categorizationrelationship Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory andCognition 10104ndash14 [aEM]
Nosofsky R M (1992) Exemplar-based approach to relating categorizationidentification and recognition In Multidimensional models of perception andcognition ed F G Ashby pp 363ndash93 Erlbaum [aEM]
Nosofsky R M Palmeri T J amp McKinley S C (1994) Rule-plus-exception modelof classification learning Psychological Review 101266ndash300 [aEM]
Nosofsky R M amp Stanton R D (2005) Speeded classification in a probabilisticcategory structure Contrasting exemplar-retrieval decision-boundary andprototype models Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception andPerformance 31608ndash29 [aEM]
Nosofsky R M amp Zaki S R (2002) Exemplar and prototype models revisitedResponse strategies selective attention and stimulus generalization Journal ofExperimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition 285924ndash40[SZ]
Ogmen H (2007) A theory of moving form perception Synergy between maskingperceptual grouping and motion computation in retinotopic and non-retino-topic representations Advances in Cognitive Psychology 3(1ndash2)67ndash84 [AJJ]
Ogmen H Otto T U amp Herzog M H (2006) Perceptual grouping induces non-retinotopic feature attribution in human vision Vision Research 46(19)3234ndash242 [AJJ]
Osherson D N amp Smith E E (1981) On the adequacy of prototype theory as atheory of concepts Cognition 935ndash58 [arEM]
Osherson D N Smith E E Wilkie O Lopez A amp Shafir E (1990) Category-based induction Psychological review 97185ndash200 [aEM]
Paivio A (1987) Mental representations A dual-coding approach Oxford Univer-sity Press [GD]
Paivio A (1991) Dual coding theory Retrospect and current status CanadianJournal of Psychology 45255ndash87 [rEM]
Palmeri T J amp Flanery M A (1999) Learning about categories in the absenceof training Profound amnesia and the relationship between perceptualcategorization and recognition memory Psychological Science 10(6)526ndash30 [JV]
Peacocke C (1992) A study of concepts MIT Press [aEM GR]Peacocke C (2008) Truly understood Oxford University Press [aEM]Pecher D Zeelenberg R amp Barsalou L W (2004) Sensorimotor simulations
underlie conceptual representations Modality-specific effects of prior acti-vation Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 11164ndash67 [aEM]
Piaget J (1954) The construction of reality in the child Basic Books [HAV]Piccinini G (forthcoming) Two kinds of concept Implicit and explicit Dialogue
[JV]Piccinini G amp Scott S (2006) Splitting concepts Philosophy of Science 73390ndash
409 [GD EL aEM AS JV]Pinker S (1997) How the mind works Norton [EMar]Plaut D C (1995) Double dissociation without modularity Evidence from con-
nectionist neuropsychology Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsy-chology 17291ndash21 [aEM]
Plumert J M (2008) Childrenrsquos thinking is not just about whatrsquos in the headUnderstanding the organism and environment as a unified system InAdvances in child development and behavior ed R V Kail pp 373ndash417Academic Press [HAV]
Prasada S amp Dillingham E M (2006) Principled and statistical connections incommon sense conception Cognition 9973ndash112 [TL]
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242 BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2010) 3323
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Prasada S amp Dillingham E M (2009) Representation of principled connections Awindow onto the formal aspect of common sense conception CognitiveScience 33401ndash48 [SSK]
Prasada S Khemlani S Leslie S J amp Glucksberg S (submitted) Conceptualdistinctions amongst generics [SSK]
Prinz J J (2002) Furnishing the mind Concepts and their perceptual basis MITPress [GD arEM SS]
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Proffitt J B Coley J D amp Medin D L (2000) Expertise and category-basedinduction Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory andCognition 26811ndash28 [aEM]
Pulvermuller F (2005) Brain mechanisms linking language and action NatureReviews Neuroscience 6576ndash82 [aEM]
Pulvermuller F amp Hauk O (2006) Category-specific conceptual processing ofcolor and form in left fronto-temporal cortex Cerebral Cortex 161193ndash1201 [aEM]
Putnam H (1967) Psychological predicates In Art mind and religion ed W HCapitan amp D D Merrill pp 37ndash48 University of Pittsburgh Press [EL]
Putnam H (1975) The meaning of ldquomeaningrdquo In Collected papers vol 2Cambridge University Press [GR]
Pylyshyn Z W (1973) What the mindrsquos eye tells the mindrsquos brain A critique ofmental imagery Psychological Bulletin 801ndash24 [SH]
Pylyshyn Z W (2007) Things and places How the mind connects with the worldMIT Press [EMar]
Quine W V O (1969) Natural kinds In Ontological relativity and other essaysed W V O Quine pp 114ndash38 Columbia University Press [aEM]
Regehr G Cline J Norman G R amp Brooks L R (1994) Effect of processing ondiagnostic skill in dermatology Academic Medicine IS34ndashS36 [rEM]
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Rehder B (2006) When causality and similarity compete in category-based prop-erty induction Memory and Cognition 343ndash16 [TL aEM]
Rehder B amp Kim S (2006) How causal knowledge affects classification A gen-erative theory of categorization Journal of Experimental Psychology LearningMemory and Cognition 32659ndash83 [aEM]
Rehder B amp Murphy G L (2003) A knowledge-resonance (KRES) model ofcategory learning Psychological Bulletin amp Review 10789ndash94 [BKH]
Rey G (1983) Concepts and stereotypes Cognition 15237ndash62 [aEM GR]Rey G (1985) Concepts and conceptions A reply to Smith Medin and Rips
Cognition 19297ndash303 [aEM GR]Rey G (2009a) Concepts defaults and internal asymmetric dependencies
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Roediger H L (2008) Relativity of remembering Why the laws of memory van-ished Annual Review of Psychology 59225ndash54 [BKH]
Rosch E amp Mervis C B (1975) Family resemblance Studies in the internalstructure of categories Cognitive Psychology 7573ndash605 [TB aEM]
Roth E M amp Shoben E J (1983) The effect of context on the structure ofcategories Cognitive Psychology 15346ndash78 [aEM]
Rubenstein A J Kalakanis L amp Langlois J H (1999) Infant preferences forattractive faces A cognitive explanation Developmental Psychology 35848ndash55 [YY]
Russell B (1948) Human knowledge Its scope and its limits Routledge amp KeganPaul [aEM]
Sabsevitz D Medler D Seidenberg M amp Binder J (2005) Modulation of thesemantic system by word imageability NeuroImage 27188ndash200 [GD]
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Sandhofer C M amp Doumas L A A (2008) Order of presentation effects in thelearning of color categories Journal of Cognition and Development 9194ndash221 [HAV]
Sandhofer C M amp Thom E E (2006) Taking the task seriously Reflections onmeasures of color acquisition Journal of Experimental Child Psychology94344ndash48 [HAV]
Sato J J Wolsan M Minami S Hosoda T Sinaga M H Hiyama KYamaguchi Y amp Suzuki H (2009) Deciphering and dating the red pandarsquosancestry and early adaptive radiation of Musteloidea Molecular Phylogeneticsand Evolution 53(3)907ndash22 [AJJ]
Schneider S (2009) The nature of symbols in the language of thought Mind andLanguage 24(4)523ndash53 [SS]
Schneider S (forthcoming) The language of thought New philosophical directionsMIT Press [SS]
Schwanenflugel P J amp Shoben E (1983) Differential context effects in thecomprehension of abstract and concrete verbal materials Journal of Exper-imental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition 982ndash102 [GD]
Segal G (2000) A thin book about narrow content MIT Press [GR]Shafto P Coley JD amp Baldwin D (2007) Effects of time pressure on context-
sensitive property induction Psychonomic Bulletin amp Review 14890ndash94[BKH]
Shallice T (1988) From neuropsychology to mental structure CambridgeUniversity Press [aEM]
Shepard R N amp Cooper L A (1982) Mental images and their transformationsMIT PressBradford Books [SH]
Shepard R N Hovland C I amp Jenkins H M (1961) Learning and memorizationof classifications Psychological Monographs General and Applied 75(13)1ndash42 (Whole No 517) [SSK]
Siegler R S (1994) Cognitive variability A key to understanding cognitive devel-opment Current Directions in Psychological Science 31ndash5 [HAV]
Simmons W K Ramjee V Beauchamp M S McRae K Martin A amp BarsalouL W (2007) A common neural substrate for perceiving and knowing aboutcolor Neuropsychologia 452802ndash10 [aEM]
Simon H A (1995) Machine as mind In Android epistemology ed K M Ford CGlymour amp P J Hayes pp 23ndash40 MIT Press [aEM]
Sloman S A (1993) Feature-based induction Cognitive Psychology 25231ndash80[aEM]
Sloman S A (1996) The empirical case for two systems of reasoning PsychologicalBulletin 1193ndash22 [aEM]
Sloman S A amp Lagnado D (2005) The problem of induction In The Cambridgehandbook of thinking and reasoning ed K Holyoak amp R Morrison pp 95ndash116 Cambridge University Press [aEM]
Sloutsky V M amp Fisher A V (2008) Attentional learning and flexible inductionHow mundane mechanisms give rise to smart behaviors Child Development79639ndash51 [HAV]
Smith E E Patalano A L amp Jonides J (1998) Alternative strategies ofcategorization Cognition 65167ndash96 [arEM]
Smith E E amp Sloman S A (1994) Similarity- vs rule-based categorizationMemory and Cognition 22377ndash86 [TB]
Smith J D (2002) Exemplar theoryrsquos predicted typicality gradient can be testedand disconfirmed Psychological Science 13437ndash42 [aEM SZ]
Smith J D amp Minda J P (1998) Prototypes in the mist The early epochs ofcategory learning Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memoryand Cognition 241411ndash36 [JJC JAH arEM SZ]
Smith J D amp Minda J P (2000) Thirty categorization results in search of a modelJournal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition 263ndash27 [JJC aEM]
Smith J D amp Minda J P (2001) Journey to the center of the category Thedissociation in amnesia between categorization and recognition Journal ofExperimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition 27984ndash1002[SZ]
Smith J D amp Minda J P (2002) Distinguishing prototype-based and exemplar-based processes in dot-pattern category learning Journal of ExperimentalPsychology Learning Memory and Cognition 28800ndash11 [SZ]
Smith J D Murray M J Jr amp Minda J P (1997) Straight talk about linearseparability Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory andCategorization 23659ndash80 [SZ]
Smith L B amp Samuelson L K (1997) Perceiving and remembering Categorystability variability and development In Knowledge concepts and categoriesed K Lamberts amp D Shanks pp 161ndash96 MIT Press [aEM]
Smith L B Thelen E Titzer R amp McLin D (1999) Knowing in the context ofacting The task dynamics of the A-not-B error Psychological Review 106235ndash60 [HAV]
Sobel D M amp Kirkham N Z (2007) Interactions between causal andstatistical learning In Causal learning Psychology philosophy andcomputation ed A Gopnik amp L E Schulz pp 139ndash53 Oxford UniversityPress [YY]
Solomon K O amp Barsalou L W (2001) Representing properties locally CognitivePsychology 43129ndash69 [aEM]
Solomon K O amp Barsalou L W (2004) Perceptual simulation in property veri-fication Memory and Cognition 32244ndash59 [aEM]
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Spencer J P amp Schoner G (2003) Bridging the representational gap in thedynamic systems approach to development Developmental Science 6392ndash412 [HAV]
Sperber D amp Wilson D (1995) Relevance Communication and cognition 2nd edBlackwell [EMar]
Sperber D amp Wilson D (1998) The mapping between the mental and the publiclexicon In Language and thought Interdisciplinary themes ed P Carruthersamp J Boucher pp 184ndash200 Cambridge University Press [aEM]
Spivey M (2007) The continuity of mind Oxford University Press [ABM]Strevens M (2000) The essentialist aspect of naıve theories Cognition 74149ndash
75 [DD]Stich S P (1983) From folk psychology to cognitive science MIT Press [aEM]Stich S P (1996) Deconstructing the mind Oxford University Press [aEM]Storms G De Boeck P amp Ruts W (2000) Prototype and exemplar based infor-
mation in natural language categories Journal of Memory and Language4251ndash73 [JAH]
Swaab T Baynes K amp Knight R (2002) Separable effects of priming andimageability on word processing An ERP study Cognitive Brain Research1599ndash103 [GD]
Tenenbaum J B Griffiths T L amp Niyogi S (2007) Intuitive theories as grammarsfor causal inference In Causal learning Psychology philosophy andcomputation ed A Gopnik amp L Schulz pp 301ndash22 Oxford UniversityPress [aEM]
Thelen E amp Smith L B (1994) A dynamic systems approach to the development ofcognition and action MIT Press [HAV]
Thompson-Schill S L (2003) Neuroimaging studies of semantic memoryInferring ldquohowrdquo from ldquowhererdquo Neuropsychologia 41280ndash92 [aEM]
Turing A M (1950) Computing machinery and intelligence Mind 49433ndash60 [SH]Uttal W R (2001) The new phrenology MIT Press [ABM]van Geert P amp van Dijk M (2002) Focus on variability New tools to study
intra-individual variability in developmental data Infant Behavior andDevelopment 25340ndash74 [HAV]
Van Orden G C Pennington B F amp Stone G O (2001) What do doubledissociations prove Cognitive Science 25111ndash72 [aEM]
Verguts T amp Fias W (2009) Similarity and rules united Similarity- and rule-basedprocessing in a single neural network Cognitive Science 33243ndash59 [YY]
Vigo R (2009) Categorical invariance and structural complexity in human conceptlearning Journal of Mathematical Psychology 53203ndash21 [SSK]
Vlach H A Sandhofer C M amp Kornell N (2008) The spacing effect in childrenrsquosmemory and category induction Cognition 109163ndash67 [HAV]
Wattenmaker W amp Shoben E (1987) Context and the recallability of concreteand abstract sentences Journal of Experimental Psychology 13140ndash50[GD]
Weisberg J van Turrennout M amp Martin A (2007) A neural system for learningabout object function Cerebral Cortex 17513ndash21 [rEM]
Weiskopf D A (2007) Concept empiricism and the vehicles of thought Journal ofConsciousness Studies 14156ndash83 [GD]
Weiskopf D A (2009a) Atomism pluralism and conceptual content Philosophyand Phenomenological Research 79130ndash62 [DAW]
Weiskopf D A (2009b) The plurality of concepts Synthese169(1)145ndash73 [ELAS DAW]
Weiskopf D A (2010) Concepts and the modularity of thought Dialectica64107ndash30 [DAW]
Weiskopf D A (forthcoming) The functional unity of special science kinds BritishJournal for the Philosophy of Science [DAW]
Whitney P McKay T Kellas G amp Emerson W A Jr (1985) Semanticactivation of noun concepts in context Journal of Experimental PsychologyLearning Memory and Cognition 20804ndash23 [arEM]
Williams J J amp Lombrozo T (in press) The role of explanation in discoveryand generalization Evidence from category learning Cognitive Science[TL]
Wisniewski E J amp Medin D L (1994) On the interaction of theory and data inconcept learning Cognitive Science 18221ndash81 [AS]
Yamauchi T Love B C amp Markman A B (2002) Learning nonlinearly separablecategories by inference and classification Journal of Experimental PsychologyLearning Memory and Cognition 28(3)585ndash93 [ABM]
Yamauchi T amp Markman A B (1998) Category learning by inference andclassification Journal of Memory and Language 39(1)124ndash48 [ABM]
Yaxley R H amp Zwaan R A (2007) Simulating visibility during language com-prehension Cognition 105229ndash36 [aEM]
Zaki S R amp Nosofsky R M (2004) False prototype enhancement effects in dotpattern categorization Memory amp Cognition 32390ndash98 [SZ]
Zaki S R amp Nosofsky R M (2007) A high-distortion enhancement effect in theprototype-learning paradigm Dramatic effects of category learning duringtest Memory amp Cognition 352088ndash96 [SZ]
Ziff E (1972) Understanding understanding Cornell University Press [aEM]
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244 BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2010) 3323
httpdxdoiorg101017S0140525X10000555Downloaded from httpwwwcambridgeorgcore Yale University Library on 16 Nov 2016 at 153538 subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use available at httpwwwcambridgeorgcoreterms