Pre treatment test

• 1. PRE-TREATMENTIN THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSResponsible Sourcing Initiative Natural Resources Defense Council

2. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTFirst, we will go through:Woven FabricFiberYarnKnitted FabricPre-treatmentDyeingBleaching Printing Finishing 3. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTWHAT IS PRE-TREATMENT? by damaging the fabric as little as possible, removeall the impurities from the fabric make a semi-finished product that is clean, smooth,soft, and water absorbent (hydrophilic) the preparation work in a dyeing and finishingfactory work, it can also be known as bleaching andscouring 4. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTTHE BASIC COMPONENTS OF PRE-TREATMENT:SINGEINGDE-SIZING SCOURINGBLEACHING MERCERIZINGPRE-TREATMENT NOTE: THIS IS JUST AN EXAMPLE OF THE PRE- TREATMENT PROCESS FOR COTTON. PRE-TREATMENT PROCESSES CAN VARY FOR EACH TYPE OF SUBSTRATE. 5. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENT Lets talk about singeingSINGEINGDE-SIZINGSCOURING BLEACHING MERCERIZINGPRE-TREATMENT 6. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTSINGEING REFERS TO THE BURNINGOFF OF:- LOOSE FIBERS NOT FIRMLY BOUNDINTO THE YARN OR FABRIC- LOOSE YARNS NOT BOUND INTOFABRIC- PROTRUDING FIBER ENDS STICKINGOUT OF THE YARN OR FABRICInformation: http://ara-texworld.com 7. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTBEFORE AFTER SINGEINGSINGEING Photo: Osthoff Senge from http://ara-texworld.com/ 8. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTThis is fabricgoing througha singeingmachine 9. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENT Onto de-sizingSINGEINGDE-SIZINGSCOURING BLEACHING MERCERIZINGPRE-TREATMENT 10. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTThe reason for de-sizing because during the spinningand weaving process, the fabric goes through sizing.SIZING is whenSIZE is applied tothe fabric to protectit from the abrasiveaction of the loom. 11. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTWHAT IS SIZE?Natural sizing agentsare mostly based onstarch and starch-derivatives. Thereare also syntheticsizing agents such asmodified polyesters.close-up of starch underelectron microscope 12. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTDe-sizing is the removal of sizingagents from the fabric usingenzymes, acid, oxidative agents,etc. Enzymatic de-sizing is themost common. 13. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTIrrespective of what kind of de-sizing, theprocess includes: Impregnation of fabric with1 de-sizing agentAllowing the de-sizing agent to2 solubilize or degrade the sizeWashing out the degradation3products 14. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTWASH OUTEXAMPLE OF A DE-SIZING PROCESS: ENZYMESF ABRIC +ENZYMES FOR EXAMPLE, CELLULASE, AN ENZYME, BREAKS DOWN STARCH Thanks to Prof. Michal Vik for all the information on de-sizing (from: http://www.ft.tul.cz/depart/ktc/dokumenty/pte/2PTE%20Desizing.pdf) 15. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENT Now we will talk about scouringSINGEINGDE-SIZINGSCOURING BLEACHING MERCERIZINGPRE-TREATMENT 16. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTSCOURING is the treatment of textile materials inaqueous or other solutions in order to remove:SIZINGINORGANIC DEGRADATION PECTINSSUBSTNACES PRODUCTSALUMINIUM FATSSIZESAND IRON OXIDES AND WAXES 17. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTSCOURING can be carried out as a separatestep of the process OR in combination withother treatments (usually bleaching or desizing)on all kind of substrates (fiber, woven fibers,knitted fibers).Thanks to Dr. Schnberger and Dr. Schfer from Best AvailableTechniques in Textile Industry for information on scouring 18. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTEXAMPLE OF SCOURING PROCESS:ALKALI,ABRIC+ WETTING AGENTS,ETC.FThanks to Dr. Schnberger and Dr. Schfer from Best AvailableTechniques in Textile Industry for information on scouring 19. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTSINGEINGDE-SIZINGSCOURING BLEACHING MERCERIZINGPRE-TREATMENT 20. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTBleaching increasing the whiteness of thesubstrates, this is important for un-dyed fabricsas well for fabrics dyed in light shades or witha high brilliance.Bleached products are usually treated withhypochlorite or peroxide. Peroxide is morecommonly used for cotton whereashypochlorite is used for linen. 21. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTThis is fabriccoming out ofa scouringand bleachingmachine 22. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTSINGEINGDE-SIZINGSCOURING BLEACHING MERCERIZINGPRE-TREATMENT 23. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTMercerizing is the treatment of cotton andcotton blends with strong alkali undertension.Lets see what it looks like 24. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTALKALI TREATING THE FABRIC NT ENSIO NDERFA BRIC U 25. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTMercerizing is possible before and after a lot of stepsin the dyeing and finishing process.For example: on greige goods after desizing after de-sizing and scouring after bleaching after dyeing 26. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTMERCERIZING CAN: IMPROVE DYESTUFF ABSORPTIONINCREASE TENSILE STRENGTH MAKE A RESISTANT LUSTER IMPROVE DIMENSIONAL STABILITY 27. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTAll the steps of the pre-treatment process cantake place in something like this:This is a continuous dyeing machine. Graphic from: http://www.ineris.fr/ippc/sites/default/interactive/bref_text/breftext/a nglais/bref/BREF_tex_gb55.html 28. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTNow that we have looked at all the basiccomponents of the pre-treatment process, letssee what a pre-treatment process might looklike for various substrates. 29. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENT GREIGEPREPARATIONSINGEINGFor cotton andCAN BEcotton-based fabrics, COMPLETEDthe pre-treatment DE-SIZING IN ONE-BATHDYEINGprocess might looklike thisMERCERIZINGSCOURING 30. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENTGREIGE PREPARATIONCIRCULARSINGEINGFor knitted cottonfabrics, the pre-treatment process SCOURINGCAN BEmight look like COMPLETEDIN ONE-BATHthis BLEACHING DYEING ALKALI MILLING ANDMERCERIZING 31. 2. THE DYEING AND FINISHING PROCESSA. PRE-TREATMENT QUALITIES:RELATIVELY CLEAN SYNTHETIC FIBERS FEW IMPURITIESIN PRE-TREATMENT:GENERALLY DO NOT BLEACHWARM TEMPERATURE FOR PRE-TREATMENT (except for very white or bright colored fibers)