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Featured Research from universities, journals, and other
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Date:
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Summary:
November 10, 2014
Boston University Medical Center
It is possible to distinguish between different hemorrhagic
fevers,including Marburg (Ebola cousin) and Lassa before the person
becomessymptomatic, new research has found. This study will allow
for thedevelopment of better diagnostics, especially during the
early stages ofdisease, when treatments have a greater chance of
being effective.
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new study has found it is possible to distinguish between
differenthemorrhagic fevers, including Marburg (Ebola cousin) and
Lassabefore the person becomes symptomatic.
The study, which appears in the journal BMCGenomics will allow
for the development of betterdiagnostics, especially during the
early stages ofdisease, when treatments have a greater chance
ofbeing effective.
Hemorrhagic fevers include Lassa, which is endemic inWestern
Africa and Marburg, which causes sporadicoutbreaks in Africa
associated with high rates ofmortality. The early symptoms of these
viruses (fever,flu-like symptoms) are not unique, making it
difficult todiagnose properly. More disease-specific symptoms
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Pre-symptomatic markers for hemorrhagic viruses like Ebola
identified
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and the ability to spread the virus from person toperson, do not
begin until virus has accumulated in theblood. Current diagnostics
detect the virus after it spillsout of primary sites of infection
into the blood. The ability to identify the infection priorto this
point would significantly aid early intervention and containment,
and couldimprove outcomes.
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM)
approached thediagnostic dilemma by trying to "see" infection prior
to the point where viruses enterthe blood stream. Collaborating
with researchers at the U.S. Army Medical researchInstitute
(USAMRIID), they used two experimental models: one that had
involved Lassavirus, and one that involved Marburg virus infection.
The researchers extracted geneticmaterial (RNA) from a sample of
white blood cells from each infection group at multipletimes after
the models were infected. Using next-generation sequencing
techniques,gene expression changes in hosts cells that "recognize"
early stages of infection wereidentified. This was seen prior to
clinical symptom onset and before the modelsbecame infectious.
According to the researchers, distinguishing between these
viruses early can guidetreatment and containment efforts. "The
ability to distinguish between different types ofinfection before
the appearance of overt clinical symptoms has important
implicationsfor guiding triage and containment during epidemics,"
explained corresponding authorNacho Caballero, a PhD candidate at
Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM)."We hope that our study
will help in the development of better diagnostics,
especiallyduring the early stages of disease, when treatments have
a greater chance of beingeffective," he added.
As exciting as the prospect of this testing is, the research
team is setting a realistictime line. "We want to stress that this
is not a finding that can be translated into a testtomorrow. This
study supports the idea that early markers of infection are there,
butsignificant work will still need to be done to extend these
findings," said Caballero.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by Boston
University MedicalCenter. Note: Materials may be edited for content
and length.
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Boston University Medical Center. "Pre-symptomatic markers for
hemorrhagicviruses like Ebola identified." ScienceDaily.
ScienceDaily, 10 November 2014..
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Journal Reference:
1. Ignacio S Caballero, Judy Y Yen, Lisa E Hensley, Anna N
Honko, Arthur J Goff,John H Connor. Lassa and Marburg viruses
elicit distinct host transcriptionalresponses early after
infection. BMC Genomics, 2014; 15 (1): 960
DOI:10.1186/1471-2164-15-960
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