PRE-HISTORY•History tells the story of humankind.•Historians mostly use written records to gather information about the past.•History is said to begin with the invention of writing about 5,500 yrs. Ago.•But the story of humankind really begins in the time before people developed writing – the period called pre-history.
PALEOLITHIC PERIOD•Historians call the earliest period of human history the old stone age, or the Paleolithic Period.•They lived in small hunting and food-gathering bands of about 20 to 30 people.•Stone age people learned to adapt to their environment for survival.•Men and women made simple tools and weapon such as digging sticks, spears and axes.•They developed spoken languages , which let them cooperate as they worked.
HUNTING and GATHERING• Lived from hunting,
fishing and gathering• Could not produce their
own food: predators• Men: organized hunting
and fishing• Women: Gathering• Used meat for food,
skins for clothes and bones and horns for tools
NOMADIC LIFE• Nomads: they did
not live in a fixed place – followed animals, searched water, food and shelter• Lived outdoors – in
caves and huts• Organized in small
tribes, made up of members of the same family
• Home Erectus started to use fire 500,000 years ago• It was used to cook food,
heat and light caves and huts, and drive wild animals away• Bonding
FIRE!!!
RITES and BELIEFS•Believed in supernatural forces•Rites to ask divinities for help•Buried the dead…. But we don’t know why.
PALEOLITHIC ART
•Around 30,000 years ago Homo sapiens sapiens began painting on the walls of caves.• It showed an artistic sensibility
CHARACTERISTICS OF PALEOLITHIC ART• Animals were represented – deer,
bison, horses, mammoth• the paintings were realistic – the
rough surface of the caves gave them a 3D effect• Colours included red, brown, yellow
& black made from natural materials• Animal hairs were used to make
brushes
•At about the same time, theses early humans also had learned how to make fire.
•Protected themselves from the weather•Allow them to cook•Enabled them to live in caves.
Why did they paint the cave?
What do the paintings mean?
1.Just the animals that were around at that time.
2.Instructions on how to hunt or not to hunt.
3.That cave was used for religious ceremonies
4.Painting were for good luck in hunting.
NEOLITHIC• It means “New Stone Age”• Started around 8,000 BC•New way of life: agriculture + sedentarism•New technology: pottery, textiles, stone polishing•Neolithic centres: Fertile Crescent (Middle East), Ganges river valley (India), SE Asia, Mexico, Andes valleys
‘Revolution’: a new way of lifeFARMING SEDENTARY
LIFE VILLAGES• Grow crops
like wheat, barley, rye, lentils, maize, potatoes• Domesticate
animals like sheep, goats, pigs
• When people start to grown their own food, they don’t need to move around looking for food• Look after crops
and animals
• Close to the rivers (water to irrigate crops and drink)• Protection• Organization +
leader