Pre-Heater of Nat Gas

Natural Gas PreheatersImproving the Efficiency of Gas Turbines

SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

Leakag

Heating fluid outletD

Gas

Gasinlet

Leakage space

G

50 100 150 200 50 100 150 200

Gas turbines in stationaryservice are used to powerelectric generators, gascompressors, and liquidpumps. In comparison topiston machinery they areof straightforward designsince there are no mechanicaltransformation processes;furthermore, they offer anextremely high power density, a long service lifeand can operate on fuelshaving different calorificvalue. In recent years thecapacity and efficiency ofgas turbines have beenincreased and harmful exhaust gas emissionscould be reduced in order to satisfy the moreand more stringent statutory requirements. The higher specific powerrating and efficiency increaseof more than 40 percentachieved in some cases hasprimarily been due to higher combustion spacetemperatures. The double-stage combustion method is another developmentapproach. Other technicalinnovations have also beenattempted such as cuttingsystem-inherent energy requirements throughimprovements on axialcompressors and takingappropriate measures onthe required auxiliary drives, as well as for smaller machines the recuperative preheating ofthe compressed combustionair, or injecting water or

steam in the gas turbineprocess. However, all theseefforts in recent years havehad their limitations forvarious reasons, particularlythose linked with the materials used, that canonly be overcome by realizing sophisticatedadditional steps or usingbasically new materials tomake sure the service life of the gas turbines is stillacceptable. Therefore,preheating the fuel hasnowadays been employedin an effort to increase theefficiency of stationary gasturbine drives even further.In this leaflet various fuelpreheating possibilities andtheir effect on the efficiencyof gas turbines are discussed.

In aircraft gas turbine construction fuel gaspreheating has been knownfor a long time. It is an indispensable necessity thatserves to prevent icing ofthe fuel lines transportingthe kerosene from the tankslocated in the wings to thecombustion chamber nozzles. Usually, the compressed combustion airproduced by the aircraftserves as heat source and a small side stream of it ispassed through a heatexchanger thus makingsure the fuel is sufficientlypreheated even at the lowambient temperatures thatprevail at higher cruisingaltitudes. That the efficiency

of the overall process is thusdiminished is a natural factaccepted in the interest ofmeeting aviation safety needs.

In stationary gas turbinesoperated on natural gasfuel preheating is alsonecessary to make up for the Joule-Thomsoneffect that occurs whenexpanding the natural gasfrom the pipeline pressureto the combustion chamberpressure. The pressure ratiothat is set via the controllerand the inlet temperature of the gas from the pipelinecan cause the temperatureof the natural gas to dropdue to the isenthalpicthrottling process. This drop in temperaturecan cause the water vapordew point to fall and causeicing both inside and outsidethe gas line.

Going below the hydro-carbon dew point of naturalgas may at least be equallymomentous for the operationof gas turbines. Propane,butane and other higherhydrocarbons present innatural gas will to someextent precipitate in liquidphase at low temperaturesand/or pressures. If theyare allowed to enter the gas turbine in the form of burning larger drops theturbine blades may suffer a dreaded type of damagecaused by what is alsoreferred to as “flashback“.

For that reason the gas turbine manufacturers specify a gas temperatureat the combustion chamberinlet that is by approx. 15 kelvin above the hydrocarbon dew point atany operating point.

Double tube safety heat exc

2

Fuel Preheating - A Way to Increase Gas Turbine Efficiency

e switch Heating fluid inlet

H outletDouble tubecross section

Gas outlet

50 100 150 200 50 100 150 200

Double tube safety heatexchangers (DTSHX) havemainly been used for thepurpose of cooling transfor-mer oil and in the chemicalindustry.In these applications it is anecessity that the mixing of the media participatingin the transfer of heat isavoided in case leakageoccurs in the exchangers.Since the 1990’s DTSHXhave to an increasing extentbeen employed for gaspreheating purposes [1]. In double-tube vessels thetube bundle proper is surrounded by anotherexternal tube bundle. The inner and outer tubeswith two tube sheets each

form a hermetically sealedoff leakage space that doesnot allow media to escape.After a pressure and leakagetest the leakage spaceremains filled with nitrogenat atmospheric pressureand is closed off reliably bymeans of a leakage switch.As a result of thermal influences caused, forexample, by temperaturechanges ranging between - 20°C and 110°C the ab-solute pressure of the nitrogen in this closed offspace varies between appr. 0.89 and 1.35 bar. This renders additionalpressure safeguards unnecessary.To lower the thermal

resistance of the doubletube annular space filledwith nitrogen each individual internal tube is hydraulically expandedafter its installation andthus brought to be in closecontact with the inner wallof the respective outer tube.However, special capillary-like ducts in this inner wallensure that the ingressingmedium can be transferredtowards the collectingchambers in the event a leakage occurs. The resulting pressure rise inthe leakage space will trip the leakage switch.Provided a DTSHX isemployed it will not benecessary to separate

different types of heatingcircuits hydraulically sincethe escaping leakage gas is safely prevented fromentering the heating fluidcircuit.

changer (DTSHX)

3

Double Tube Safety Heat Exchangers -The Safest Form of Gas Preheating

In the event a DTSHX becomes leaky (i.e. corrosion),the medium that has enteredthe leakage space can bereliably detected. For theselective detection of heatcarrier or natural gas in the leakage space a specialleakage switch has beendeveloped and patented [2].It consists of one or optionally two combined rupturing disks/leakageindicators arranged in afully enclosed clampingdevice.The leakage switch is madeof stainless steel grade1.4571. The standard typeof clamping fixture for theleakage switch is designedfor a maximum pressure of160 bar and warrants a safesystem operation at thispressure level. In the eventof a leakage neither heatingfluid nor natural gas is allowed to escape from the leakage space.The rupturing disks failsuccessively at 1 bar and 10 bar (+/- 10%). This design type coverspressure levels acc. to DINof 16, 25, 40, 63, and 100 barand acc. to ANSI of 150,300, 400, and 600 lb/sq in.For higher pressure levelsspecial design variants areavailable on request.

cabling systems to be monitored for breakage orfailures. A leakage signal istransmitted to a mannedcontrol room. Since the leakage switch has beendesigned to detect leaksoccurring in only one of thetwo tube walls both fluidsare still safely separatedfrom each other by theadditional tube wall ofidentical pressure resistancewhich means the defectexchanger may continue tobe operated for a limitedperiod until its replacementis scheduled.To increase safety even further a pressure gauge

When actuated the rupturingdisks will reliably trip theleakage indicators and thenremain in this position. By arranging two similarrupturing disk/leakageindicator systems in seriesit is possible to have aredundant signal trans-mission satisfying increasedsafety requirements.Feeding of the leakage indicators is intrinsicallysafe by isolating amplifiersso that the leakage switchcan be put to use in allhazardous areas includingzone 1 locations. In basicstate the break circuit is closed which also enables

Design of leakage switch

has been hooked up to theleakage switch and allowsthe switch to be visuallychecked locally. To warrantthe safe response and operation of the leakageswitches individual inspections are performedby independent institutes.As a result of their designthe leakage switches neednot to be serviced for theirentire operating life andfunctional testing at regularintervals is not required.

Pressure gaugeClamping fixture

Rupturing disk 2

Rupturing disk 1

Connection to DTSHX

Leakage medium

Leakage indicator 2

Leakage indicator 1

4

The Preassembled Leakage Switchfor Added Safety

P

Integrating DTSHX units in gas preheating facilitiesoffers benefits in terms ofcost reductions of about 1/3 versus conventionalexchanger designs since the heating fluid pressure enables a cost-effectiveshell-side design, the heating fluid side needs no special safeguard andthere is no need to separatethe pressure spaces hydraulically.

Repeat pressure testing of DTSHX via the interspace

Furthermore, there are substantial savings in plantoperation due to the factthat the exchangers requireneither maintenance nor anelectric drive unit for an intermediate recirculation pump.

Statutory requirements call for repeat pressure tests to be carried out ingas technological plants on a regular basis over aperiod of ten years. A DTSHX can be inspectedor checked via the interspace.For such tests it does notneed to be removed fromthe installation and, if desired, can even continuein operation. This as wellenables considerable cutsin cost.

Since the prescribed repeatpressure testing can be performed with the unitremaining in place andoperation may continue for a limited time period in the event of leaks, a gas preheating system via a DTSHX can be asingle-line design withoutbypass. Due to the excellentavailability of the plant thiswill yield especially highsavings.

DTSHX

Leakage switch

Three-way test valve

Heating fluid outlet

Gas flow

Leakage space

Test gas connection

Pressure gauge

5

Advantageswhen Preheating Gas with DTSHX

Heating fluid inlet

T

M

P

Pressure switch

Hazardous areaFault

Facilityheating

Gas

Temperaturecontroller

Control

Discharge pipe

Boiler

Safety reliefblow-off valve

Gas preheaterexplosion-proof

Water-/Water-heat exchanger

Solenoid valve

Relief valve

Leakage gasmonitoring

Temperaturesensor

Water pressuremaintaining unit

Water pressuremaintaining unit

Gas pressureregulator

Recirculationpump

Temperaturecontrol valve

Safety shut-offvalve

L

carrier circuit. Level probesin vertically arranged heatexchangers or special gascollecting domes locateddownstream of horizontalvessels are well-knowntechnical solutions to thisproblem.

Nevertheless, such a safety

arrangement also has its

weak points:

The safety shut-off valvesmust be checked on a regular basis and readjustedas necessary. In the event ofinternally dirty valves

through which the entirehot water flow passes thesevalves must be disassembledand thoroughly cleaned.With regard to the watercircuit a pressure of onlyabout 1.3 bar is permissibleso that special recirculationpumps and bigger expansionvessels (by approx. 60%)are required.

Commonly used form of safeguarding the hot watercircuit of gas preheatingsystems including safetyshut-off valves and explosion-proof heat exchanger shell aswell as hydraulic isolation ofthe heater system

Gas pressure regulating stations as used in gas supplysystems are employed forthe conditioning of fuel gasto meet gas turbine require-ments. Gas preheating isperformed with the help of heat exchangers that areheated either directly orindirectly through a carrierfluid with heat being transferred by free or forced convection.Safeguarding these gaspreheaters against leakageis achieved on the basis ofstandards prescribed by thegas supply industry. There are various ways toprotect the adjacent heatingsystems against damagecaused by leaky heatexchangers [3]. The mostcommon design method isto make the heat exchangershell tight to pressure andarrange safety shut-off valves on the hot waterconnections.

If leaks occur as a result of poor tube fabrication orpores in the existing weldseams, they are usually less severe.Leakage gas that ingressesin the heat carrier fluidmust by all means be detected as quickly as possible to prevent anycarryover into the heat

Natural gas preheating plant without double tube safety heat exchanger

6

Gas Preheatingin Gas Pressure Regulating Stations

Simplified plant design dueto the use of DTSHX.There is no need to separatethe heating circuits hydrauli-cally; expensive safety valvescan be omitted.

The safety shut-off valvesoperating without auxiliaryenergy can only be actuatedthrough the level controlsystem located in the domesof the heat exchanger viasolenoid valves arranged inparallel with the pressurerelief valves. This meansthe principle of having valves not requiring auxiliary energy for actuationis no longer applicable.

Since the gas preheatingprocess is interrupted as aresult of the safety shut-offvalves being actuated thegas pressure regulator located downstream of theheat exchanger may freeze

up externally and possiblysuffer internal clogging dueto gas hydrates. As a conse-quence, the pressure in thedownstream gas networkmay rise inadmissibly causing the respectivesafety blow-off valve (not shown) to open. Forthat reason gas preheatersof this type are usually ofredundant design.

The piloting units and solenoid valves arranged in parallel emit a gas/watermixture when actuatedwhich has to be safelydischarged to the atmos-phere and disposed of via the sewer system.

If antifreezing agents areused these have to be properly collected. If the pressure in the heatexchanger falls the safetyshut-off valves will open again which mayhave unforeseeable and unintended consequences.

If the preheaters are fedfrom district heating waternetworks or with condensatein power plants care mustbe taken to rule out leakagegas carryover in these circuits due to the operationof heat exchangers.

This will make recirculationpumps, pressure maintainingunits and safety blow-offvalves necessary. Moreover,space requirements are higher, the efficiency of theheat exchanger deterioratesand economic drawbacksare inevitably encountered.A gas preheating systemconfiguration as outlinedabove will necessitate substantial capital invest-ments and significantoperating and maintenanceexpenses on a constant basis.

Using DTSHXs in systemslike this will eliminateexpenditure as describedhere – refer to the abovediagram.

T

M

P

Hazardous areaFault

Facilityheating

Gas

Temperaturecontroller

Coupling relayDischarge pipe

Boiler

Safety reliefblow-off valve

Double tube safetyheat exchanger

Leakageswitch

Temperaturesensor

Water pressuremaintaining unit

Gas pressureregulator

Recirculationpump

Temperaturecontrol valve

P

Natural gas preheating plant with double tube safety heat exchanger

7

In addition to the benefitsoutlined above the double-tube exchanger technologyoffers new opportunities infuel gas preheating applica-tions [4]. On the basis of apatented process DTSHXsenable the exploitation ofthe thermal potential ofheat carriers previouslyconsidered impracticablefor safety reasons, due tohigh expenses associatedwith intermediate circuits,or additional temperaturegradients arising on inter-mediate heat exchangers [5].

In gas turbine installationsand in particular in com-bined-cycle gas & steam turbine plants (G&S plants)large volumes of waste heatof low potential are availablethat normally are releasedinto the environment viasecondary cooling circuits.Secondary cooling circuitsrequire capital, operatingand maintenance costs andreduce the plant’s net efficiency. Moreover, suchcircuits require a coolingmedium, as well as outsideair or surface water ofappropriate temperatureand purity.

In a G&S power plant thereare the following wasteheat sources sorted by theirtemperature levels:

Exhaust air from the turbine package

Generator cooling withair or hydrogen

Sealing oil for generatorcooling

Lube oil

Transformer oil

Exhaust steam/Blow-out

Condensate

Rotor/stationary vanecooling air

Waste gas

On the other hand, due toits almost constantly lowtemperature level naturalgas conveyed throughunderground pipingsystems can be directly hea-ted up in a DTSHX so thatsuch low-temperature heatsources can be favorablyput to use. Provided theappropriate type of heatsource is selected an exactlyeven heat balance may beachieved in the most favor-able case and the tradi-tionally required coolingsystem as well as externalheat sources for gas pre-heating can be dispensedwith altogether.

Double tubes for DTSHXcan be fabricated in numerous shapes, diameters,and material grades, evendifferent material combina-tions may be used for theinner and outer tubes.Therefore, there are virtuallyno limits to the use ofdouble tube safety heatexchangers. The followingDTSHX design versions canbe made available for therespective heat sources:

High-finned DTSHXtube bundles for insta-llation in the coolingducts of the turbinepackage, the generatoror waste gas pipe

DTSHX condensers forthe exhaust steam fromthe steam turbine orblow-out. As condenserthe natural gas preheatercan also operate withvacuum in the shell space

Low-finned DTSHXtube bundles for lubeoil, seal oil or transformeroil cooling

In the shell spaceDTSHX tube bundlestight to the gas pressureto cool the gas turbinecooling air

Plain tube DTSHX tubebundles for installationin high-temperaturewaste gas lines.

Various double-tube design versions

8

Gas Preheating - Using Waste Heat

Making use of a skillfullydesigned gas preheatingsystem with severalDTSHX being arranged inparallel and/or series additional effects and highfuel gas temperatures canbe attained.

A good example of this isreflected by the above technical diagram showinga G&S power plant. By using two special typesof DTSHX cooling of lubeoil and cooling air is to agreat extent done with thehelp of fuel gas. In this casethe lube oil cooler is a“TWIO“ (“two in one“)unit while a “TWIS“ (“two in series”) unit hasbeen used for the cooling of cooling air.The fuel gas may reachtemperatures of up to200°C. A reduced volumeof the residual heat of the lube oil would bedischarged via the secon-dary cooling circuit that

“TWIS”-DTSHXto cool cooling air

“TWIO”-DTSHXfor lube oil cooling

Recooling circuit

Fuel gas

Waste gas stack

Waste heat boiler

Boiler feedwater

Air inlet

Axial compressorPower generator

Lube oil system

Combustion chamber

Turbine

Blade cooling air

Gas turbine with DTSHX for lube oil and cooling air cooling

uses the cooling air forfeedwater preheating purposes.

It has been shown thatespecially with so-calledaeroderivates and with gasturbines of high specificpower a completely evenheat balance is achievedwhen cooling lube oil bymeans of fuel gas. It is nolonger necessary in thiscase to use a secondarycooling circuit for additionallube oil cooling.

G&S power plants are frequently designed to operate on two types offuel. Aside from gaseousfuel they are also capable

of using liquid fuels. In this way, peak prices forgas can be circumventedand the availability of theG&S power plant ensuredwithout having to rely exclusively on the gassupply. To achieve a constantly reliable lube oilcooling under any opera-tional condition both thegaseous and the liquid fuelare used for cooling withan extremely compact“TWIO“ design version. It is to be noted here that at the same temperaturespread liquid fuels usuallyare capable of absorbinghigher thermal volumesthan gaseous fuels.

9

An external fuel preheatingstep accomplishes whatreally happens during thecombustion process proper.Part of the fuel is used topreheat the fuel until it hasreached the combustiontemperature. An externalrecuperative fuel pre-heating by means of wasteheat taken from the mainprocess reduces the fuelconsumption of a gas turbine as a function of gascomposition, gas pressureand gas temperature. With the power outputremaining almost constanta fuel preheating processwill thus increase the overall efficiency of the gas turbine plant.

Depending on the relevantapplication several millioncubic meters of fuel gasmay thus be saved annuallywhich translates into anefficiency improvement ofmore than 0.5% as can beseen from the examplesshown here.

The higher the initial degreeof efficiency, the greater isthe gain in efficiency thatcan be achieved. Takingsolely the achievable fuelsavings the installation of aDTSHX fuel preheater in aretrofit will pay back in lessthan 3 to max. 4.5 operatingyears, depending on applicable fuel prices.

Moreover, for new installa-tions a higher power output as well as significantcapital cost reductions maybe achieved as a result ofan improved generator ortransformer cooling effect,the omission or scalingdown of the conventionalcooling system and combination with a gasregulating system usuallyarranged separately upstream of a gas turbine.

Gas

Gas temperature [∞C]Gas temperature [∞C]

1,0

0,9

0,8

0,7

0,6

0,5

0,4

0,3

0,2

0,1

0,00 50 100 150 200

1,0

0,9

0,8

0,7

0,6

0,5

0,4

0,3

0,2

0,1

0,00 50 100 150 200

Fuel

gas

sav

ing

s [%

]Fu

el g

as s

avin

gs

[%] Fuel gas savings Ru98

(27 bar abs)

References:

[1] Triesch, F.: Zwei Varianten der Absicherung von Erdgas-Vorwärmanlagen nach DVGW-Merkblatt G 499, gwf Gas – Erdgas, 135(1994), 11, 636-640

[2] DE P 43 31 314

[3] DVGW-Merkblatt G 499: Erdgas-Vorwärmung in Gasanlagen, published by DVGW Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches e.V. 03/94

[4] Triesch, F.: Rekuperative Brenn stoffvor wärmung – Erhöhte Wirt schaftlichkeit von Gasturbinen, BWK, 53(2001), 10, 60-62

[5] DE 197 05 216 A1.

Fuel gas savings using waste heat for gas preheating

Continuous operating hoursContinuous operating hours

1.000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

00 8760 17520 26280 35040 43800 52560 4380 13140 21900 30660 39420 48180

1.000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

00 8760 17520 26280 35040 43800 52560 4380 13140 21900 30660 39420 48180

Savi

ng

s [T

sd€

]Sa

vin

gs

[Tsd

€]

Gas price [€/kWh]

0,0150,0130,0110,0090,007

Capital outlay cost

Operating cost cuttings using lube oilfor fuel gas preheating

Possible efficiency improvement when preheating fuels with a double tube safety heat exchanger

PlantElectric power

output (MW)

DTSHXGas

heat-up(°C)

Annualoperating time

(h/a)

Consumedgas reduction

(Nm3/a)

Efficiency increase(%)

GuD 89Lube oil/fuel gas from 5 to 70 8.000 414.000 0,18

GT 105Waste gas/fuel gas from 5 to 200 8.000 2.359.000 0,54

10

Benefits of Preheating Gaswith Waste Heat

Making use of DTSHXs ingas preheating applicationsnot only opens up newopportunities but at thesame time creates newrequirements linked withthe technological configura-tion of the gas conditioningunits serving stationary gas turbines.

The gas pressure regulatingstation preceding everypower plant operating ongas serves to remove theliquid and solid constituentsof the gas coming from thepipeline, measure the gasflow for settlement purposeswith the gas supplier, preheatand reduce the fuel gaspressure. The outlet temper -ature of the conditioned fuelgas depends on the waterand hydrocarbon dewpoints of the gas mixtureand must exceed these considerably to rule out that the gas turbine suffersdamage as outlined earlier.

It has been generally accept -ed practice hitherto to viewand design gas pressureregulating stations for gasturbine plants as entirelyseparate units. Accordingly,the plant design allows for distances of several hundred meters betweenthe gas pressure regulatingstation and the gas turbine.The gas turbine manu-facturers even prefer suchdistances with a view tohaving available a substantialbuffer volume in the linesection between pressureregulators of the gas pressureregulating station and thegas turbine flow controllers.

In this way excessive hun-ting of the series-arrangedcontrollers can be avoided.

Gas pressure regulating stations are designed tosatisfy the entire gasdemand of a power plant.Aside from the gas turbinesthere may be other gas consumers like additionalboilers and burners. Thenumber of gas regulatingsections is determined toensure maximum plantavailability and very rarelyis identical with the numberof gas turbines. The gaspressure regulating stationhas a separate heat supplyfor preheating purposes thatis independent of the powerplant. This may either be an enclosed boiler plant or directly fired heatersarranged outdoors.

Inside the power plant a gas line designed for thenominal fuel gas pressure of the respective gas turbineis installed. In this way, a clearly defined interfaceexists where certain gas pa-rameters in terms ofpressure, temperature andmoisture must be madeavailable as required by the turbine.

To improve the efficiency of the plant, properly adjustthe wobbe index of the fuel gas or safely preventflashbacks the temperatureof the fuel gas is furtherincreased to a very highlevel immediately ahead of the gas turbine.

This additional heating stepis called superheating anddepends on the relevant gasturbine operating mode;specific superheating para-meters are either prescribedor even implemented by thegas turbine manufacturer.Moreover, the fuel gas is filtered, its flow again measured and controlledbefore the gas enters the respective turbine. The lastfew meters of the gas lineimmediately ahead of theturbine are made of stain-less steel to make sure thefuel gas cannot be contami-nated by corrosion productsfrom the pipe.

In the interest of keepingcapital and operationalexpenses to a minimum and in view of the noveland already discussedopportunities linked withthe utilization of powerplant waste heat for gaspreheating purposes withDTSHX units it is undoubt -edly recommendable tooptimize the overall gasconditioning process.

To this effect, gas condition -ing should be optimized for the individual gas turbine. It would be mostdesirable to combine into a single unit all functions of the upstream gas pressure regulating stationand all fuel gas specific functional groups arrangedimmediately ahead of the turbine:

Gas filtering

Gas measurement

Gas preheating

Gas pressure regulation

50 100 150 200 50 100 150 200

Gas overpressure protection

Gas superheating

Gas measurement

Gas filtering

Gas flow control

Gas flow isolation

For this purpose the following requirements setby gas suppliers, gas turbine manufacturers andOperator/Owner as well asapplicable standards andrules have to be satisfied:

clearly defined interfacewith the gas supplier

Explosion and fire protection

Control quality regardinggas pressure/gasflow/gas turbine output

Control quality regardinggas temperature/wobbeindex/dew point

Protection against liquidand solid gas constituents

Availability

Series production-oriented, compact and preassembled design

Low capital investment,operating and maintenance expenses

When all these requirementsare met it should be possibleto develop modern andcompact gas conditioningsystems for gas turbinepower plants making use ofDTSHX units. This is cer-tainly to be seen as a majorstep forward in gas turbineconstruction.

11

Innovative Gas Conditioning Methodsfor Stationary Gas Turbines

Industriestraße 6, D-55569 Monzingen ·Phone +49(0) 6751/9303-0 · Fax +49(0) 6751/9303-100 ·[email protected] · www.renzmann.com

Our Team -At Your Service!

Special ApplicationsCompact Heat ExchangersDouble Tube Safety Heat ExchangersNatural Gas PreheatersExhaust Gas Heat Exchangers

Sales:

Mr Jürgen Venter Phone +49(0)67 51/93 03-1 70e-mail: [email protected]

Project Execution:

Mr Stefan Krolla Phone +49(0)67 51/93 03-1 71e-mail: [email protected]

Mr Lothar Barth Phone +49(0)67 51/93 03-1 72e-mail: [email protected]

Representatives Germany:

Mr Ulrich Schieritz Phone +49(0)23 61/65 92 66Sales Office Area West e-mail: [email protected]

Ms Gisela Müller Phone +49(0)23 4/94342-333Secretary Sales Office Area West e-mail: [email protected]

Mr Gustav-Lothar Krueger Phone +49(0)171/540 88 06Sales Office Area South-West e-mail: [email protected]

Mr Franz Bauer Phone +49(0)82 54/26 50Sales Office Area South e-mail: [email protected]

Process Equipment

GEA Renzmann & Grünewald GmbH

As of 6/08

Any data or other information in this document shall be deemed to be a general description of product properties and shall not be binding upon GEA Renzmann & Grünewald. Binding product specifications may be agreed by GEA Renzmann & Grünewald in bids, proposals, tenders or other offers issued in response to inquiries or call for tenders or other invitations to bid.

For more information please look up our website at www.renzmann.com